Birth Control in the Modern World. The Role of the Individual in Population Control

Population ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
H. B. ◽  
Elizabeth Draper
Keyword(s):  
Birth Control ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Individual

scholarly journals The International Tourism Development as a Way to Formation of Cross-Cultural Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (516) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Z. A. Atamanchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Intercultural Communications ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
The Individual

The scientific publication is aimed at exploring the communicative aspects of tourism, its value impact on humans, substantiating the peculiarities of the development of international tourism as a way to formation of cross-cultural tolerance. The article accentuates on the cultural values and value characterizations of international tourism, the role of the communicative culture of the individual as the main link in the concept of the theoretical model of universal human values, the importance of adherence to the principles of tolerance, which are becoming increasingly important in the modern world in the context of globalization of the economy, development of communications, growth of mobility, integration, interdependence and transformation of social cultures. The approaches to analyzing tourism as a social and cultural phenomenon are systematized, the stages of the communication process are distinguished. The author analyzes the content of the most significant documents in the sphere of international tourism adopted with the participation of the World Tourist Organization, which emphasizes the need to adhere to tolerant forms of communication. The focus is placed on the role of international organizations in strengthening cultural ties between peoples, mutual enrichment of cultures as a result of tourist exchange, observance of the principles of tolerance. On the way to the application in practice of establishing intercultural communications in international tourism, the article substantiates effectiveness of such methods as: introduction of an adequate system of acculturation, which involves such types of communication ties as integration, assimilation, division, marginalization at the levels of emotions, actions and cognition; creation of such conditions by the host party, which would contribute to increasing the level of satisfaction of tourists by establishing a constant exchange of information, maintaining feedback, disseminating content among visitors regarding the prospects for the development of tourist infrastructure of the host country.

Translation historiography in the Modern World

Target ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Azadibougar
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Literary Forms ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
Literary System ◽  
Positive Force

Nearly all scholarly works about the encounter of Iran with European modernity emphasize the role of translation not only in introducing new literary forms into the Persian literary system, but also in becoming the main engine of change and modernization of the culture. This paper concerns itself with this constructivist narrative of the available historiographical discourse and the translational environment between 1851 and 1921 in Iran. After describing the field of translation in the period in question, I challenge the uncritical conception of translation as a positive force by, on the one hand, investigating hypothetical cultural and linguistic implications, and on the other hand, questioning the power of translation per se, as ascribed to it in the above mentioned historiographical discourse, in socio-cultural modernization. This will prioritize the individual and cultural translational effects over the supposed institutional ones.

scholarly journals Patterns of Trust and Collaboration among Nonprofit Organizations and Health Funds: A Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vered Reiter ◽  
Shay S. Tzafrir ◽  
Nathaniel Laor
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Collaboration Process ◽  
The Individual

The importance of collaboration between organizations, especially in the modern world, has been discussed extensively by researchers from different fields. Yet, the importance of the context, trust dynamics, and the employment social environment, such as the interplay among these factors, i.e., trust, individual behavior, and political behavior, has been less studied. This study evaluates the role of trust in and between organizations on successful collaboration processes. Using qualitative methodology, we interviewed 11 senior directors who were involved in a specific case-study of collaboration among four major organizations as well as direct observation, documentation, and archive records. Our findings emphasize the importance of analyzing multilevel trust, interpolitics, and intrapolitics, even when success is at stake. We suggest that managers have to account for emotional involvement at the individual level, even when successful organizational-level collaboration occurs. Overall, we found that there are two aspects of trust in a collaboration process between organizations: system’s aspect and personal aspect. Each aspect is influenced by various factors, mainly different goals and interest and lack of procedures or regulations (from the system’s aspect) and feelings of vagueness in goals and managerial procedures as well as feelings of exploitation (from the personal aspect). In addition, we found that past acquaintances, mutual experience, and shared visions raise the level of trust, which in turn affects the reciprocal relations and therefore the collaboration process resulting in higher social effectiveness for social services.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AT THE STAGE OF PRE-UNIVERSITY TRAINING OF FOREIGN CITIZENS

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
O. VECHEROK ◽  
S. SKALSKA ◽  
L. TRUSOVA
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
University Training ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Mental Characteristics

The paper studies the problem of interaction of people from various countries and cultures in the conditions of cultural globalization, which creates new problems of cultural adaptation. The paper explores the concepts of «communication», «intercultural communication». The problem of forming the ability of the individual to effective intercultural communication as a means of understanding the mental characteristics of different cultures, which is a guarantor of effective dialogue of cultures in the modern world. The characteristics of intercultural misunderstandings in the process of communication was submitted. Communication as a reflection of the intercultural ties of specific groups of people in a particular period of historical development of society is studied. Intercultural communication in the pedagogical process is also considered as a method of socio-cultural adaptation, due to the interaction of different cultures and the mental characteristics of their carriers. The teacher of Ukrainian (Russian) as a foreign language must be understood that foreign students have already formed ideas about their nation. Therefore, it is important to teach them the differences between cultures, to respect the cultural sensitivities, to overcome stereotypes. Foreign students should learn to understand why people of other cultures must behave in particular way. In the conditions of modern education, when people from various countries with specific features of national character and thinking study in one group, the question of intercultural communication acquires special significance. Cultural diversity implies intercultural enrichment. Shortening of intercultural distance, willingness to adapt to existing realities will provide an opportunity to develop an optimal strategy for collaboration in the group. A dialogue of cultures has contributed progress in universal culture. During the dialogue of culture, there is an acquaintance with another culture and constant development through the mutual enrichment of different cultures.

South Asia's Eugenic Past

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Hodges
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
Public Meetings ◽  
History Of

The strong continuities between colonial eugenics agendas and postcolonial population control efforts are striking elements in the history of eugenics in South Asia. This article discusses the role of different strands within colonial eugenics—particularly neo-Malthusianism—at different points in time and in the region's different postcolonial nations. It mentions that eugenics in a poverty-stricken colonial context provides a powerful and enduring template for connecting reproductive behavior to the task of revitalizing the nation as a whole. This article relates the history of eugenics in colonial India with the history of birth control advocacy. It discusses in detail the eugenics associations that held public meetings and advocated contraceptive use. It provides an understanding of the relative insignificance of heredity to Indian eugenics in light of the conditions for the development of eugenic science in India.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF POLITICAL FORCES AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF ECONOMIC ELITE IN THE CONDITIONS OF MARKET ECONOMY

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Valentina Stoyanova
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Economic Elite ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The Individual

The question we put here is to look for an answer whether the elites are capable of solving the problems of Bulgarian society. It is impossible to realize a fully scientific understanding of the social processes in Bulgaria. Conscientious critical reporting, monitoring, and registration will allow for a later theoretical analysis. This is not the result of scientific scepticism, but of a reality in which Bulgaria slowly, difficultly, confused, deformed enters the modern world, into a new social space. Having left a historical age with its values, it applies a way of government unable to implement the basic principles of democracy and the market economy, not only because the roads are many and unknown. And because in the market economy the behaviour of the main economic agents in the intervention of the economic institutions is decisive. Because the reformability of the society depends on the ability of the elite. According to R. Reach, „the market is a human being, a variable amount of a set of judgments about individual rights and responsibilities―. Society and the economy need strong economic elite. It is available, but it is heterogeneous. Diversity includes many contradictions and conflicts. By protecting their own interests, the individual groups try to influence the political institutions to take one or another solution that favours them.

Eliot and Hulme in 1916: Toward a Revaluation of Eliot's Critical and Spiritual Development

PMLA ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 1083-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Schuchard
Keyword(s):  
Literary Theory ◽  
Spiritual Development ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
Religious Doctrine ◽  
The Individual

MOST RECENT critical studies indicate that as the poetry and criticism of T. S. Eliot move toward their inevitable period of eclipse all of the old critical attitudes are still intact. Since the late twenties there have been numerous charges of inconsistency between Eliot's early and later criticism, and between his criticism and his poetry, and though a few critics have been piecing together the unfinished case for continuity, the cumulative criticism of Eliot's development as a poet-critic-Catholic has led most of us discussing Eliot's work in the classroom to accept the following prevalent assumptions and chronology: that the poems written from “Prufrock” to “The Hollow Men” are those of a despairing, skeptical poet probing spiritual bankruptcy in the modern world ; that from “Tradition and the Individual Talent” (1919) to his conversion in 1927 Eliot's theory of tradition and criticism spring from literary rather than moral concerns; that in 1928, when in the Preface to For Lancelot Andrewes Eliot announces that his attitude is “classicist in literature, royalist in politics, and anglocatholic in religion,” there is a rather sudden turn from an esthetic and literary theory of tradition to a moral and religious doctrine of orthodoxy; that in After Strange Gods (1934) and later Eliot not only sins against literature by employing his dogmatic religious beliefs as the narrow touchstone of his criticism, but yearns nostalgically for the unified sensibility and moral security of a lost medieval world. But these widespread opinions are misleading, for by 1916 Eliot's classical, royalist, and religious point of view was already formulated. A first step toward establishing this assertion, which calls for a full-scale revaluation of Eliot's development and of the primary concerns of his poetry and criticism before 1928, is to examine evidence of Eliot's critical and religious position in 1915–16, and especially the role of T. E. Hulme in defining that position.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Brannon D. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Muslim Scholars

The introduction provides an overview of what the Deoband movement is and why it matters for understanding Islam in the modern era (roughly from the colonial period to the present). It begins by laying out why the movement has become known principally because of its affiliation to the Taliban and why this obscures the movement’s much longer, richer, and more complex history. It then briefly explains how the movement emerged, how it expanded through networks of seminaries founded on the Deobandi model, and why Deobandi scholars’ contestation of Sufism is central to the movement, past and present. The chapter then situates the movement within the three major dimensions of modern Islam that it has impacted: the contested place of Sufism in the modern world, the role of the `ulama (traditionally educated Muslim scholars) in Muslim public life, and theorizations of “tradition” in the study of Islam. The introduction concludes with a summary of the book’s main characters and the individual chapters.

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