Communist International Front Organizations: Their Nature and Function

1956 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard S. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Warfare ◽  
Satisfactory Method ◽  
And Function ◽  
Positive Results

IT was once suggested that the basic trait of psychological warfare—and, incidentally, the greatest asset to those that practice it—is its lack of known positive results.1 No satisfactory method has yet been developed to measure the effects of a propaganda campaign on its chosen audience. This characteristic is at once the greatest weakness of propaganda and psychological warfare (how does the operator know whether his effort was well spent or not?) and their greatest strength (if there is no reliable evaluation of the effort, it had better be continued, or even intensified, lest ground be lost).

scholarly journals Particularities of the European Union enlargement process

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreea Bucur
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
European Union Enlargement ◽  
And Function ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
The Eu

The European integration model has proven to be so far a successful one, with a high consideration from the other countries of the world and their attempts to replicate its components and to learn from its experience of regional integration is perhaps the most sincere form of appreciation. Contemporary global economy knows various other models of economic integration, but none of the existing forms of regional integration was not up to the achievements of the EU which is distinguished primarily by the stage reached and function and<br />its ability to create unity in the context of diversity. Irreversible process, and currently ongoing, and designed to produce positive results in perspective, the enlargement is one of the most significant factors of European construction success, always accompanying its history, marking the development, institutional structure, mode of cooperation and its policies. For these reasons, the present paper aims to approach the European integration model by the factors that influenced the enlargement and also by the course of events that are reflected in so-called “waves” of EU enlargement.

Pitch Stability of an Unpowered Ground Effect Vehicle

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meagan Hubbell ◽  
Steven Hard ◽  
Matthew Boots ◽  
Mary Ann Clarke ◽  
James E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Ground Effect ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Induced Drag ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
And Function ◽  
Positive Results

The ground effect regime was first utilized in the early 1900’s with the advent of transatlantic flight. Aircraft such as the Dornier DO-X would fly close to the surface of the water in order to increase its payload and range. Since that time, research has been periodic with the largest resurgence of ground effect interest in the 1960’s. The Russian government became involved in developing aircraft designed solely for ground effect flight. The design of these aircraft was difficult due to the inherent problems that exist within ground effect. There are natural instabilities that occur, especially in the longitudinal direction that are antagonized by shifting payload weights. Past researchers have handled the unique design requirements of ground effect through the usage of high-tail devices which operate outside of ground effect and power augmented ground effect which artificially generates the lift force through the use of thrust vectoring. The Center for Industrial Research Applications (CIRA) has developed a single passenger, unpowered, subsonic aircraft that relies on gravitational forces for momentum. AirRay combines the benefits of ground effect i.e. the increased lift and decreased induced drag, with a unique approach to maintaining stability. The design of AirRay faced many challenges as a result of flying in the ground effect regime, similar to those found in the prior efforts. These include natural instabilities, primarily in the longitudinal direction, that cause the glider to want to pitch up. In addition the size requirements for a single rider to maximize maneuverability, as well as the potential for updrafts on a downhill slope are added constraints to the design of the ground effect vehicle. These issues, and others, are the subject of current study. This paper has focused on the most important aspect of the design, longitudinal stability. This research has shown positive results with respect to the effectiveness of slots, on passively controlling the movement of the center-of-pressure at varying angles of attack. The 40 degree slot located at 20% of the chord line was most advantageous in stabilizing movement. These results indicate a craft can be designed that can be stable and function in the majority of the flight conditions that have been specified.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutics for SBMA/Kennedy’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 928-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick J. Arnold ◽  
Diane E. Merry
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽  
Current Review ◽  
And Function ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Polyq Expansion

Abstract Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a neuromuscular disease caused by a polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion in the androgen receptor (AR). Despite the fact that the monogenic cause of SBMA has been known for nearly 3 decades, there is no effective treatment for this disease, underscoring the complexity of the pathogenic mechanisms that lead to a loss of motor neurons and muscle in SBMA patients. In the current review, we provide an overview of the system-wide clinical features of SBMA, summarize the structure and function of the AR, discuss both gain-of-function and loss-of-function mechanisms of toxicity caused by polyQ-expanded AR, and describe the cell and animal models utilized in the study of SBMA. Additionally, we summarize previously conducted clinical trials which, despite being based on positive results from preclinical studies, proved to be largely ineffective in the treatment of SBMA; nonetheless, these studies provide important insights as researchers develop the next generation of therapies.

scholarly journals Flood Warning and Monitoring System (FWMS) using GSM Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Nurzaid Muhd Zain ◽  
Lidia Syahira Elias ◽  
Zulfikri Paidi ◽  
Mahfudzah Othman
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Flood Warning ◽  
Gsm Network ◽  
Flood Warning System ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Results

Floods are natural disasters that occur due to climate factors. The impact of floods on property and lives can be too high, resulting in the need to establish a monitoring system. FWMS is a personal flood monitoring system that has the ability to call and send warning via SMS. The warning was sent to not only system users, but also directly to the Fire and Rescue Station as floodwaters rose rapidly to dangerous levels. FWMS is developed using Arduino Uno microcontroller, ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04) and GSM SIM900A module. Using FWMS, users can apply for flood status in their area in real time via SMS. In FWMS, there are three different levels of flood warning system. The first is the "normal" level, when the situation is normal. The second is the "warning" level, where an SMS will be sent to the users each time a flood is detected. Meanwhile, the third is known as the "danger" level, which will be sent when the depth of the flood that occurs is detected to be higher. For both levels of “warning” and “danger”, a loud buzzer will be issued as a warning sound notification to users. Three types of tests were performed on the FWMS to measure its level of performance. These tests were functional tests, prototype system tests, and GSM network performance tests. They were done to ensure that FWMS can be used and function properly as required. The tests have produced positive results and it is potentially to be further enhanced.

scholarly journals Identifying the Risky SNP of Osteoporosis with ID3-PEP Decision Tree Algorithm

Complexity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jincai Yang ◽  
Huichao Gu ◽  
Xingpeng Jiang ◽  
Qingyang Huang ◽  
Xiaohua Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Tree ◽  
Decision Tree Algorithm ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Tree Algorithm ◽  
The Past ◽  
Random Walk Algorithm ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
And Function ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Walk Algorithm

In the past 20 years, much progress has been made on the genetic analysis of osteoporosis. A number of genes and SNPs associated with osteoporosis have been found through GWAS method. In this paper, we intend to identify the suspected risky SNPs of osteoporosis with computational methods based on the known osteoporosis GWAS-associated SNPs. The process includes two steps. Firstly, we decided whether the genes associated with the suspected risky SNPs are associated with osteoporosis by using random walk algorithm on the PPI network of osteoporosis GWAS-associated genes and the genes associated with the suspected risky SNPs. In order to solve the overfitting problem in ID3 decision tree algorithm, we then classified the SNPs with positive results based on their features of position and function through a simplified classification decision tree which was constructed by ID3 decision tree algorithm with PEP (Pessimistic-Error Pruning). We verified the accuracy of the identification framework with the data set of GWAS-associated SNPs, and the result shows that this method is feasible. It provides a more convenient way to identify the suspected risky SNPs associated with osteoporosis.

Sensitivity of scanning electron microscopy for the detection of mycoplasma contamination

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-397
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Quinn ◽  
Tai Y. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Detection Method ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Mycoplasma Contamination ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Cell Surface Structures ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
And Function ◽  
Free Media ◽  
Individual Particles ◽  
Positive Results

Mycoplasma contamination of cell cultures causes a serious problem in the interpretation of experimental data. These organisms interfere with cell metabolism, induce heritable chromosome abnormalities, alter the antigenicity and function of the cell membrane, contaminate virus preparations and make the interpretation of cell surface structures difficult. Mycoplasmas can be isolated by direct culture. However certain strains will not grow in cell-free media. Indirect methods based on the staining of cultures and the assay of uridine phosphorylase enzyme activity require large numbers of organisms to yield positive results. With SEM, individual particles or clusters on only a few cells in the culture can be visualized.The actual sensitivity of SEM as a detection method is difficult to evaluate since many mycoplasmas grow in aggregates and reproduce by budding or the breaking apart of filaments as in Fig. 1.

Postmenopausal hormone therapy for cardiovascular health: the evolving data

Heart ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. heartjnl-2019-316323
Author(s):  
Felice L Gersh ◽  
James H O’Keefe ◽  
Carl J Lavie
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Ovarian Hormone ◽  
Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Health Initiative ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Cv Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
Positive Results

Postmenopausal (PM) hormone therapy (HT) was extremely popular for years as a treatment for many conditions, including cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) prevention. The adverse results from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) ended the widespread prescriptive use of HT for nearly 20 years. The WHI findings have been broadly and unfairly applied to all hormone formulations, including modern treatments using human-identical hormones. Although CV health is indisputably linked to oestrogen status, HT involving any combination of hormones currently is not recommended for primary or secondary prevention of CVD. In the wake of more positive results from recent studies and re-evaluation of the WHI, HT has re-emerged as an issue for specialists in CVD to discuss with their patients. Rigorous scientific analysis is needed to explain the paradox of cardioprotection conferred by endogenous ovarian hormones with apparent cardiotoxicity inflicted by HT. This review will cover the origins of HT, hormone terminology and function, and key studies that contribute to our current understanding. Based on evolving evidence, if HT is to be used, we propose it be initiated immediately after cessation of ovarian hormone production and dosed as transdermal oestradiol combined with cyclic dosing of human-identical progesterone (P4).

scholarly journals Uvula Manipulation and Resonance (UMAR) Treatment for Puberphonia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthiah Kumaresan ◽  
Navin Bharath Kumaresan ◽  
Parameswaren Darling Elangovan
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Small City ◽  
After Effects ◽  
Therapy Technique ◽  
Speech Behaviors ◽  
Speech Therapist ◽  
Vocal Quality ◽  
And Function ◽  
Positive Results

AbstractOtolaryngologists and speech therapist can be experts in managing specific puberphonia lesions to improve voice. However, not all voice problems have lesions amenable to surgical or medical therapies. Many are associated with maladaptive speech behaviors. We may employ a variety of techniques to improve vocal quality and function in patients with and without structural or neurologic laryngeal pathology. There is an alarming increase in cases of puberphonia and it’s after effects. Otolaryngologists can partner to manage a constellation of puberphonia voice problems with directed voice evaluation and therapy. We, in a small Otorhinolarygolist center in a small city, Chennai has registered and treated 600 cases of puberphonia. We are able to register the devastating problems of puberphonia. Regarding the treatment of puberphonia, in which laryngeal massage, outside the neck, is consistently highlighted as being an effective therapy technique for treating it. In addition, there have been several individual studies conducted to examine the effectiveness of laryngo pharyngeal manipulation inside the vocal tract, which also yielded positive results. A basic review of UMAR techniques and this partnership with yoga breathing trainers is presented which give almost immediate low pitch speech and give a good follow up.

Conformation of Ribosomes from Escherichia Coli

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
M. Boublik ◽  
W. Hellmann ◽  
F. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
And Function

The present knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of ribosomes is far too limited to enable a complete understanding of the various roles which ribosomes play in protein biosynthesis. The spatial arrangement of proteins and ribonuclec acids in ribosomes can be analysed in many ways. Determination of binding sites for individual proteins on ribonuclec acid and locations of the mutual positions of proteins on the ribosome using labeling with fluorescent dyes, cross-linking reagents, neutron-diffraction or antibodies against ribosomal proteins seem to be most successful approaches. Structure and function of ribosomes can be correlated be depleting the complete ribosomes of some proteins to the functionally inactive core and by subsequent partial reconstitution in order to regain active ribosomal particles.

The Effect of Oxidized Cholesterol on the Aorta of Rabbits- Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 340-341
Author(s):  
S. K. Pena ◽  
C. B. Taylor ◽  
J. Hill ◽  
J. Safarik
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Arterial Injury ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Aortic Smooth Muscle ◽  
Oxidized Cholesterol ◽  
Initial Event ◽  
Membrane Structure And Function ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
And Function

Introduction: Oxidized cholesterol derivatives have been demonstrated in various cell cultures to be very potent inhibitors of 3-hvdroxy-3- methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase which is a principle regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis in the cell. The cholesterol content in the cells exposed to oxidized cholesterol was found to be markedly decreased. In aortic smooth muscle cells, the potency of this effect was closely related to the cytotoxicity of each derivative. Furthermore, due to the similarity of their molecular structure to that of cholesterol, these oxidized cholesterol derivatives might insert themselves into the cell membrane, alter membrane structure and function and eventually cause cell death. Arterial injury has been shown to be the initial event of atherosclerosis.

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