Acculturation in Tatarstan: The Case of the Sabantui Festival

Slavic Review ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azade-Ayşe Rorlich

No culture enjoys a perfect integration or a static equilibrium of its component traits. The diffusion of features of culture is a constant and crucial dynamic process. Acculturation, as a process of change dominated by the mutual influence of different cultures in close contact, is especially suited to interdisciplinary scrutiny. The study of acculturation is equally challenging for the linguist, the ethnographer, the anthropologist, and the historian interested in investigating processes and forms of cultural change, cultural integration, and causes for the selective receptivity of cultures.The multinational character of Soviet society against the background of its socioeconomic and ideological homogeneity renders a special quality to the dynamic tension between unity and diversity, especially with regard to culture, cultural change, and integration. Consequently, an investigation of acculturation as a component of the broader ethnic processes is not only justified, but imperative.

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Thorsen

<strong><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;"><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;"><p align="left"> </p></span></span><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;">ABSTRACT</span></span></strong><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"><p align="left">This article presents a theoretical analysis and discussion of the theory of gerotranscendence, formulated</p><p align="left">by Lars Tornstam (University of Uppsala, Sweden). The theory is presented as a meta-theory of</p><p align="left">ageing, as a theory of universal and general ageing processes. Ageing is seen as an urge (a drive)</p><p align="left">towards a less engaged posititon in the wordly life, moving towards a higher degree of transcendence,</p><p align="left">with a more cosmic outlook and another definition of reality. In this article the theory is discussed from</p><p align="left">another theoretical position; Ageing seen in a cultural gerontological perspective, as a varied culturally</p><p align="left">and historically situated phenomenon – differing in different times and different cultures. The theoretical</p><p align="left">perspective underlines that ageing is complex dialectical processes, an intertwined interplay between</p><p align="left">individual development and cultural change. The varied individual ageing processes are not seen</p><p align="left">as the result of «drives». In Western post-modern cultures the ageing processes are becoming manifold,</p><p align="left">often contradictory. Elderly present versions of the selves that are becoming complex, multiplied (multiple</p><p align="left">selves), acting at different scenes, stamped by varied cultural values, presenting mixed versions of</p><p align="left">activity and passivity, engagement and retractment, wordliness and transcendence.</p></span></span><strong><em><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT;"><strong><em><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT;"><p>Key words:</p></span></span></em></strong></span><strong><em><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT;"><p> </p></span></em></strong></span><p> </p></em><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">Ageing theories; gerotranscendence; cultural gerontology; postmodernism</span></span></strong>


2011 ◽  
pp. 2572-2586
Author(s):  
John S. Edwards ◽  
John B. Kidd

A phenomenon common to almost all fields is that there is a gap between theory and practical implementation. However, this is a particular problem in knowledge management, where much of the literature consists of general principles written in the context of a ‘knowledge world’ that has few, if any, references to how to carry out knowledge management in organisations. In this chapter, we put forward the view that the best way to bridge this gap between general principles and the specific issues facing a given organisation is to link knowledge management to the organisation’s business processes. After briefly reviewing, and rejecting alternative ways in which this gap might be bridged, the chapter goes on to explain the justification for, and the potential benefits and snags of, linking knowledge management to business processes. Successful and unsuccessful examples are presented. We concentrate especially on the issues of establishing what knowledge is relevant to an organisation at present, the need for organisational learning to cope with the inevitable change, and the additional problems posed by the growing internationalisation of operations. We conclude that linking knowledge management in terms of business processes is the best route for organisations to follow, but that it is not the answer to all knowledge management problems, especially where different cultures and/or cultural change are involved.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Elena Yu. Chebotareva ◽  
Marina I. Volk

Inter-cultural families are an integral part of modern society, the institution of mutual influence of different cultures, of a person’s identity transformation. The studies of marital adjustment, values, and attitudes consistency in inter-cultural couples provide contradictory results. To resolve contradictions in this area, comparative studies of inter-cultural families of different types are important. The aim of the study is the comparative analysis of life and family values in inter-cultural couples, differing by the ethnic and religious affiliation of spouses. The participants: 69 couples: 20 mono-ethnic Russian, 30—inter-ethnic, inter-faith (Russians/Arabs); 19—inter-ethnic, with a common religion (Russian/Transcaucasian, Christians). The methods: Value Survey (Schwartz), Marital Role Expectations and Aspirations (Volkova), Marital Satisfaction Test (Stolin et al.), Mann–Whitney U-test, paired T-test. In inter-cultural couples, the spouses’ life-values coincidence is significantly less strong than in mono-cultural ones. However, in couples with common religious differences, their life values reflect not so much the contradictions, but the complementarity of traditional gender values. In general, the different cultures of spouses (both ethnic and religious) optimizes the process of comparing values and family attitudes. Despite a number of difficulties, spouses from inter-cultural couples generally have more consistent ideas about their family life.


2016 ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
IRINA Guseva

The article touches upon the idea of common spiritual and intellectual values of the Russian and Mexi-can nations, of the mutual influence and mutual penetration of the cultures that leads to spiritual unity and better understanding between the representatives of different cultures and the idea of such mutual influence reflection in the language.


Author(s):  
Maria Guida

The 21st century has witnessed the development of the fourth industrial revolution that means cutting-edge technologies including artificial intelligence and the internet of things. The special quality of this epochal revolution lies in a rapid acceleration of the speed of change, never seen before. This is happening at the most challenging time ever faced by our species, due to existential threats. This scenario begs big questions to professionals in the field of mathematics education. Can mathematics education contribute to build a better world? The chapter reports on a participatory research conducted by a researcher in mathematics education together with 11 mathematics teachers. Therefore, the research benefits from a double point of view, coming from different cultures so gaining a double verisimilitude, which makes the results acceptable for all the professionals involved.


2019 ◽  
pp. 191-254
Author(s):  
Saskia T. Roselaar

Chapter 5 investigates the reasons for growing Italian discontent in the second century. This chapter traces the disadvantages that the Italians experienced because they did not have Roman citizenship, both with regard to prejudice from Romans, as well as negative effects on the economic position of the Italians. Rome was reluctant to share the Roman citizenship and its material benefits with the Italians. This dissatisfaction eventually culminated in the Social War of 91–88. This chapter argues that economic considerations played a larger role in the outbreak of the war than is usually assumed. The Italians were granted Roman citizenship after the Social War, but this was not the final culmination of the process of cultural change. Roman citizenship was itself an impulse for further cultural integration, as Italians now actively strove to associate themselves with Rome.


2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-93
Author(s):  
Ian G. Malcolm ◽  
Patricia Königsberg ◽  
Glenys Collard

Aboriginal English1, the language many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students bring to the classroom, represents the introduction of significant change into the English language. It is the argument of this paper that the linguistic, social and cultural facts associated with the distinctiveness of Aboriginal English need to be taken into account in the English language education of both Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous students in Australia. The paper illustrates seven significant changes of expression which Aboriginal English has made possible in English. It then proposes a “responsive pedagogy” to represent a realistic and respectful pedagogicalresponse to the linguistic, social and cultural change which underlies Aboriginal English, drawing on current literature on second language and dialect acquisition and making frequent reference to materials whichhave been developed to support such pedagogy. It is implied that only with a pedagogy responding to Aboriginal English as it is, and to its speakers, will a viable English medium education for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people be enabled. 1Aboriginal English” is the term used to denote “a range of varieties of English spoken by many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and some others in close contact with them which differ in systematic ways from Standard Australian English at all levels of linguistic structure and which are used for distinctive speech acts, speech events and genres” (Malcolm 1995, p 19).


Author(s):  
Faruk Bozdağ

Due to increasing human mobility in today’s world, relations among groups are becoming more and more important. As people with different cultures come in close contact they begin to influence inter-group attitudes (Barni et al., 2020; Turner et al., 2020). Xenophobia, which can be described as negative attitudes towards migrants, is one of the most serious problems between groups caused by migration (Peterie & Neil, 2020). This study aims to investigate the relationship between social contact and xenophobic attitudes towards Syrian migrants among university students in Turkey. Data were collected from 142 university students through the Xenophobia Scale and the Revised Social Contact Scale. The data obtained were analyzed by multiple linear regression technique. The findings show that while the quality of social contact significantly predicts the xenophobic attitudes of university students, the quantity of social contact does not. The quality of social contact explains 43% of university students’ xenophobic attitudes. It is understood that the quality of social contact is highly effective in reducing xenophobic attitudes towards migrants.


Author(s):  
Valts Ernštreits ◽  
Gunta Kļava

The article provides insight into the process of various grammatical changes in Livonian and Latvian that have taken place as a result of prolonged contact between the languages. Livonian is strongly influenced by Latvian at different levels due to the close contact between the speakers of two languages; it is necessary to note that speakers of Livonian were bilinguals for a long time. It is clear that Livonian has affected Latvian in a similar way. The process of mutual borrowings can be observed most clearly in the vocabulary, especially in dialects; however, there are changes that have occurred in the phonetics and grammar as well. Different changes can be found as a result of mutual influence. The paper presents case studies illustrating the changes of the case system in Livonian – the disappearance of exterior locative cases and the formation of dative, the merging of the translative and the comitative and the formation of the instrumental, the development of prefixes from inherited words, composition of negation, as well as semantic changes in the Latvian locative, formation of Latvian compounds using the Livonian pattern, formation of perfective verb forms using the construction ‘motion verb + adverb’ instead of Latvian prefix verbs. Although the grammatical structure of a language is considered to be relatively resistant to change, grammatical changes may occur in languages that are not related but are located in close proximity to one another for a long time. The results of Livonian and Latvian contact demonstrate that clearly.Kokkuvõte. Valts Ernštreits ja Gunta Kļava: Liivi ja läti keele kontaktide poolt põhjustatud grammatilised muutused. Artikkel annab ülevaate mitmesugustest grammatilistest muutustest, mis on toimunud liivi ja läti keeles pikaajaliste kontaktide tulemusel. Läti keel on tugevalt mõjutanud liivi keelt erinevatel keeletasanditel, kuna liivlased on olnud läti-liivi kakskeelsed juba pikka aega. Samuti on liivi keel mõjutanud läti keelt. Vastastikust laenamist on kõige selgemalt näha sõnavaras, eriti murretes. Siiski ka häälikusüsteemis ja grammatikas on kontaktide mõjul leidnud aset muutusi. Artiklis esitatakse uurimistulemusi konkreetsete käändesüsteemi muutuste kohta liivi keeles, nagu seda on väliskohakäänete kadu ja daativi moodustumine, translatiivi ja komitatiivi kokkusulamine ja selle tulemusel instrumentaali teke. Vaadeldakse ka prefiksite kujunemist, eitusstruktuure, läti keele lokatiivi tähenduslikku muutumist ja läti liitsõnade moodustamist liivi malli järgi ning perfektiivseid verbikonstruktsioone. Ehkki keele grammatilist struktuuri peetakse suhteliselt püsivaks kontaktsituatsiooniski, võivad muutused ilmneda ka mittesugulaskeeltes, kui neid on pikka aega räägitud ühes keeleareaalis. Liivi ja läti keele kontaktide tulemused näitavad seda selgelt.Märksõnad: liivi keel, läti keel, keelekontaktid, grammatilised muutusedKubbõvõttõks. Valt Ernštreit, Gunta Kļava: Līvõ ja leț kīel kontaktiš suggõnd gramatīk mõitõkst. Kēra nīžõb iļ setmiņsuglizt mõitõkst līvõ ja leț kīel gramatīks, mis alīzõks āt pitkāāigalizt kontaktõd līvõ ja leț kīel vaisõ. Leț kīelõn um vȯnd sūr mȯj līvõ kīelõn setmiņ kīelarāl, sīestõ līvlizt jõvā pitkõ aigõ ātõ vȯnnõd kōdkēļizt ja kȭlbatõnd nei līvõ, ku ka leț kīeldõ. Seļļi īž um ka līvõ kīel mȯj lețkīels. Amā jemīņ um täpīņtõd sõnāvīļa, īžkist kīelmūrdiš, bet kontaktõd āt jettõn eņtš tīedõzt ka īeld sistēms ja gramatīks. Kēras um vaņtõltõd nõtkõmd sistēm mõitimi līvõ kīels, nägțõbõks ulzizt kūožnõtkõmd kaddimi ja datīv suggimi, translatīv ja komitatīv kubbõ sullimi ja obbimi instrumentāl suggimi. Um vaņtõltõd ka prefiksõd suggimi, negātsij struktūrd, leț kīel lokatīv tǟntõkst mõitimi, leț ītsõnād lūomi līvõ sistēm pierrõ, ja perfektīvizt tīemizsõnād konstruktsijd. Laz kil mõtlõbõd, ku gramatīk struktūr um dižānist pīldzi ka kīelkontaktiš, mõitõkst võibõd sugggõ ka nēši kēļši, mis äb ūotõ sugūd, až ne ātõ pitkõ aigā kȭlbatõd sīes īž kīel areāls. Līvõ ja leț kīel kontaktõd nägțõbõd sīe sieldistiz.


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