Visually Mapping the “Nation”: Swadeshi Politics in Nationalist India, 1920–1930

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa N. Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
Goods Movement ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Cloth Production ◽  
New Form

In the early years of mass nationalism in colonial South Asia, Mohandas Gandhi inaugurated a swadeshi (indigenous goods) movement, which aimed to achieve swaraj, or “home rule,” by establishing India's economic self-sufficiency from Britain. Invoking an earlier movement of the same name, Gandhi created a new form of swadeshi politics that encouraged the production and exclusive consumption of hand-spun, hand-woven cloth called khadi. The campaign to popularize this movement took many forms, including the organization of exhibitions that demonstrated cloth production and sold khadi goods. On the occasion of one such exhibition in 1927, Gandhi explained the significance of exhibitions for the movement:[The exhibition] is designed to be really a study for those who want to understand what this khadi movement stands for, and what it has been able to do. It is not a mere ocular demonstration to be dismissed out of our minds immediately. … It is not a cinema. It is actually a nursery where a student, a lover of humanity, a lover of his own country may come and see things for himself.(“The Exhibition,” Young India, 14 July 1927)

Northern perspectives on language and society in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-45
Author(s):  
Sonal Kulkarni-Joshi ◽  
S. Imtiaz Hasnain
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Language Practices ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
British Colonial

This chapter describes Northern attempts to fathom the relation between language and society in India / south Asia and Northern representations of it. We examine the nature of two such interventions: British colonial scholarship and American scholarship in the early years of Indian independence. We demonstrate that the methods and tools (including philology and ethnology) used by both these institutions to approach language and society relied on assumptions of homogeneity and unitarianism. We critique conceptual categories such as language, language family, dialect, vernacular, mother tongue, and speech community, which emerged from these interventions, and suggest that these were at variance with the indigenous social and language practices in India. In conclusion, we gauge the long-lasting impact of northern scholarship on present-day sociolinguistic research and practice in India.

scholarly journals Creating Social Capital in the Early American Republic: The View from Connecticut

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann N. Neem
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Voluntary Association ◽  
Early American Republic ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
Early American ◽  
Antebellum Era ◽  
New Form

During the early years of the American republic, Connecticut's elite helped to develop a new form of social order, based on voluntary association, replacing the authoritarian, theological hierarchy of the old regime. Social relations, which were once thought fixed in nature by divine sanction, became amenable to the initiatives of the populace. By the antebellum era, Americans had also discovered that social capital could be created through the ordinary activities of people engaged in civil society.

scholarly journals Food security in South Asia and self-reliance in paddy

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Aryal ◽  
M. Kandel
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
South Asia ◽  
General Situation ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Production Trend ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
Populated Region

South Asia is world most densely populated region and houses the largest population of undernourished people. It remains the world’s second poorest region with more than 500 million people living on less than US$1.25 per day. Firstly this paper attempts to show the general situation and production trend of paddy, secondly, scrutinizes the role paddy has been playing in the economy and food security so far and that it is still the most potential means to improve the food security situation and tackle severe under-nutrition as other sectors are, until now, far less furnished to address this issue. This paper probes into various economic and historical perspectives of rice economy and culture in this region, and shows that self-sufficiency in paddy production is paramount to its domestic food security, and thereby proposes that emphasis should be given on increased rice production which is decelerating amid expansion of modern economic sectors.

Chance, Nécessité, et Naïveté

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter W. Powell ◽  
Kurt Sandholtz
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Academic Science ◽  
Stable Pattern ◽  
Biotechnology Companies ◽  
New Form ◽  
University Science

This chapter analyzes the early years of the first generation of biotechnology companies. The setting is the 1970s, a time when landmark scientific discoveries in molecular biology triggered all manner of perturbations in university science, pharmaceutical research, and venture finance. The result was the creation of a new form—a science-based commercial entity, which emerged from overlapping networks of science, finance, and commerce. This novel collection of organizational practices that coalesced into a dedicated biotech firm (DBF) proved highly disruptive. Using historical analysis of archival materials, supplemented by interviews with DBF founders, this chapter pieces together the “lash-up” process that melded elements from three separate realms—academic science, venture finance, and commercial health care—into an interactively stable pattern.

scholarly journals The micropolitics of posthuman early years leadership assemblages: Exploring more-than-human relationality

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki Fairchild
Keyword(s):  
Human Agency ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Deleuze And Guattari ◽  
Control Power ◽  
Situational Ethics ◽  
New Form

Engaging with posthuman theorising, this article puts to work a number of concepts to produce generative reimaginings of early years leadership. In 1992, Deleuze argued that we are witnessing a transition from societies of confinement to ‘societies of control’. In societies of control, power operates through neo-liberal corporate worlds via a process of ‘continuous modulation’, which encourages a regime of perpetual flows of change, revealing new productions of a more posthuman agency. Drawing on the work of Deleuze and Guattari, the author notes how the concept of assemblage can be employed to explore leadership. She argues that early years leadership in England is part of a wider set of connections and relations which include human and non-human ‘bodies’. The assemblage connects and collects bodies, and is not defined by its individual components but by what is produced as these bodies interact. These interactions can be striated, which explores certain forms of leadership. However, smoother spaces can also be produced, which empirically reveals the situational ethics and micropolitics of four early years leaders who are entangled with children, policy, neo-liberal framing, quality, curriculum, and social and material worlds in their settings and schools. This article broadens current views on early years leadership by taking a more-than-human view of relations between human and non-human bodies as a distributed subjectivity which reworks notions of solely human agency. This production allows the author to question how posthuman leadership and the ethics and micropolitics of connectivity might function in this new form of more-than-human relationality.

Third millennium changing times

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
Rita P. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Early Years ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Third Millennium ◽  
Changing Times

Shannon Dawdy has presented us with a provocative dialogue on the question ‘is archaeology useful?’ In it, she forecasts a rather bleak future for our field, raising doubts about whether archaeology should be useful and whether it is ‘threatened with its own end-time’. Woven throughout her paper are major concerns about the use of archaeology for nationalistic ends and heritage projects which she deems fulfil the needs of archaeologists rather than those of the public they serve. In the final section of her paper, when she asks, ‘can archaeology save the world?’, Dawdy recommends that we reorient our research ‘away from reconstructions of the past and towards problems of the present’ (p. 140). In my contribution to this dialogue, I introduce an issue that reflects on cultural heritage, antiquities and artefact preservation, which, though they may seem antithetical, are closely aligned with Dawdy's concerns. As a prehistorian with a focus on the third millennium B.C. in the Near East and South Asia, I consider these issues to be the ‘big stories’ that have emerged in the early years of this third millennium, and those that speak directly to the usefulness of archaeology. Of course, it is not the only thing we do, but it is ‘useful’.

The Legacy of the Irish Party in Free State Politics, 1922–5

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-52
Author(s):  
Martin O'Donoghue
Keyword(s):  
State Politics ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Free State ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
Personnel Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cumann Na Ngaedheal ◽  
Special Assessment

Chapter One provides the first statistical illustration of individuals from home rule backgrounds who entered representative politics in the early years of the Free State with the number of TDs with home rule heritage in each political grouping detailed in a number of tables. Given the historiographical attention drawn to the character of Cumann na nGaedheal, there is detailed attention devoted to comparisons between the government party and the Irish Party in personnel, policy and organisation. While the Farmers’ Party and Labour are also considered for continuities between membership of both parties and the earlier agrarian and labour associations of the home rule era, there is special assessment of former MPs who were elected as independent TDs such as Capt. William Redmond, Alfie Byrne and James Cosgrave and the persistence of the IPP’s methods. This chapter thus highlights the continuities between pre- and post-independence Ireland, helping to explain the party fragmentation experienced in the early 1920s.

Qurʾan 2:229 “A Charter Granted to the Wife”?

1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Carroll
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Modern World ◽  
New Form ◽  
New Republic ◽  
New Nation

AbstractThe study of Muslim law in South Asia highlights two important points: (i) what is termed Muslim law (or shariʿa) is not immutable; and (ii) to discuss Muslim law as a legal system in the modern world it is necessary to locate that legal system within the context of a nation-state.One of the most dramatic developments when the uncodified law applicable to Muslims in the new republic of Pakistan fell to be interpreted by Muslim judges of the superior Courts of the new nation was the judicial creation of a new form of divorce available at the demand of the wife—the “judicial Khulʿ.”In retrospect, however, it is unfortunate that counsel representing the women whose litigation resulted in the new dispensation relied upon Q. 2:229, rather than Q. 4:35. Thus the new dispensation of 1967 is merely a chapter in an unfinished story.

The shift to national Catholicism and the Falange in the Second World War: The case of Garbancito de la Mancha (1945)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pagès
Keyword(s):  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Early Years ◽  
World War ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Outcome Set ◽  
National Catholicism ◽  
Second World

This article analyses the political undercurrents running through the first European hand-drawn animated feature-length film, which was made in Barcelona in 1945. It was titled Garbancito de la Mancha and will be analysed at discursive, iconic and visual levels. The goal is to establish whether political events during the Second World War years as well as the early years (1939‐45) of the Franco dictatorship are reflected in the film. After the Spanish Civil War (1936‐39), two main political parties struggled to control the nation. One of them was the Spanish version of fascism (the Falange); the other was the Catholic Party (National-Catholicism). The end of the Second World War was to mark a showdown between the two parties for political hegemony. The outcome set the tone for the regime until its demise in 1975 with Franco’s death. Given that the film was made by key political figures of the period, the ideology of the film will be revealed by visualizing the myths and values for the period spanning from 1939 to 1951 when Spain pursued autarky (self-sufficiency).

scholarly journals Brain-based discourses and early intervention: A critical debate for health visiting

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 342-350
Author(s):  
Sue Peckover
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
Parenting Quality ◽  
Early Brain Development ◽  
Policy Shift ◽  
New Form

Neuroscientific discourses about early brain development and its plasticity have placed considerable importance on parenting, emotional nurturing and attachment during the first 1001 ‘Critical Days’. This has informed a policy shift towards early intervention in the early years, and is shaping public health practice in this field particularly health visiting. This article reviews these developments and outlines a critical debate that has been taking place among commentators concerned with how these brain-based discourses are being applied in policy. Concerns include the policy readiness of the science, the focus on parenting quality rather than contextual issues such as poverty, and that these developments are creating a new form of governance of families. In contrast, these concerns have not been debated within health visiting, raising questions about the profession's engagement with evidence and policy.

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