Malcolm Guthrie and the Reconstruction of Bantu Prehistory

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 81-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Flight
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
African Culture ◽  
Genetic Classification ◽  
African Languages ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
Culture History ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Training

As to the scientific method,… it consist in the careful and often laborious classification of facts, in the comparison of their relationships and sequences, and finally in the discovery… of a brief statement or formula, which in a few words resumes the whole range of facts.Poor Pearson! His punishment was to have practised what he preached.…The Bantu expansion is one of the most important large-scale problems in African culture history -- an epic enacted over two or three thousand years and ten million square kilometers, by a cast not merely of thousands, but of many millions. By definition, the problem is primarily linguistic, but it cannot fail to engage the interest of other Africanists. The evidence arising from the comparative study of the Bantu languages has to be collated with evidence derived from other sources -- especially from archeology -- and extra-linguistic factors have to be invoked as soon as we raise the question of explanation. Bantu-speaking communities did not expand by virtue of the fact that they spoke Bantu: this at least we may safely take for granted.Until a few years ago, the argument revolved around the names of two linguists -- about as different in temperament and training as any two linguists could be -- who had both by chance turned their attention to Bantu in the late 1940s. An American linguist, Joseph H. Greenberg, working towards a genetic classification for all African languages, arrived at a controversial conclusion regarding the relationship between Bantu and the so-called “Semi-Bantu” languages of Nigeria.

scholarly journals In-vitro Antioxidant Capacities and Genetic Classification of Indonesian Selected Pigmented Rice

2021 ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Ssr Marker ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Genetic Classification ◽  
Pigmented Rice ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Simple Sequence

Rice is a world-famous cereal food divided into pigmented and non-pigmented rice. Pigmented rice is popular as healthier food than non-pigmented rice due to its potency as an antioxidant. Nevertheless, the potential of pigmented rice has not been widely studied. Indonesian selected pigmented rice protein’s antioxidant potential and the non-protein compound were in-vitro studied. The antioxidant potencies were evaluated by extracting fresh seeds of nine pigmented rice (Aek Sibundong, Beureum Taleus, Gogo Niti-2, Lamongan-1, Merah SP, Merah Wangi, Mota, Ketan Hitam-2, and Super Manggis) and non-pigmented rice (IR-64) as control. Various free radical scavenging methods to determine the antioxidant activity (ABTS•+, DPPH•, OH• and O2-) were conducted. Meanwhile, the genetic classification was performed by a simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker to determine the relationship between varieties. The results showed that protein of Ketan Hitam-2 had the highest ABTS•+ radical scavenging (98.06%), followed by Beureum Taleus (42.54%). Ketan Hitam-2 protein also showed the highest OH• and O2- activities (43.49% and 6.02%, respectively). The highest DPPH• potency of the non-protein compounds also shown by Ketan Hitam-2 (32.23%) with the activity of OH• and O2- (20.63% and 14.56%, respectively). These results showed that Ketan Hitam-2 has the highest potency as an antioxidant, which could be recommended as a nutraceuticals compound.

Evaluation and Identification of Professional Tourism Educational and Training Competences

2016 ◽  
pp. 102-118
Author(s):  
Rosa María Rivas García ◽  
Edgar Oliver Cardoso Espinosa
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Educational Evaluation ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
School Training ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Training

This chapter deals with the evaluation and identification of professional tourism educational and training competences with the purpose of recognizing the main characteristics of labour capacity in the tourism industry. Tourism is promoted through education, as well as through the development of skills and tools that result in an optimal labour performance during the stages of school training. Moreover, it describes the relationship of knowledge management in the tourism sector that leads to quality in human capital, in addition to professional alignment, in an educational context. As this section focuses on the overview of professional tourism, the following components are considered; the preamble and classification of the tourism industry, the conceptualization of educational evaluation and competence, and concludes with the description and analysis of the works targeted at the evaluation and identification of professional competences in tourism.

African Linguistic Classification

Africa ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diedrich Westermann
Keyword(s):  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
African Language ◽  
African Languages ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
Bantu Language ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Linguistic Classification

Professor Greenberg, in his series of linguistic studies, writes: ‘From the present series there will emerge a complete genetic reclassification of the languages of Africa. These results are so at variance from the commonly accepted scheme that a brief methodological foreword seems in order.’ This is a clear and frank statement and a great promise. Until now, in spite of several attempts, no satisfactory classification of African languages has existed. Though it may seem natural not to be satisfied with an analysis of individual languages but to aim at a synthesis, to see the whole and its interrelations, there was in many quarters a definite aversion from a holistic approach; it was even said to be more important to stress the differences than to try to find relationships. It is certainly necessary to study each single language in all its peculiarities, but it is wrong to maintain that a comparative investigation should not be undertaken until every African language has been analysed; that would defer the matter ad kalendas graecas. It is not necessary to analyse every Bantu language in order to show the characteristic features of Bantu languages and their relation to other languages. We are grateful to Professor Greenberg for his attempt, which reveals a familiarity with the problem and a sound and extensive knowledge of many African languages. Though not every point he makes is new, yet he indicates new roads and provides food for reflection and discussion.

scholarly journals Eternal Memory Mirrors’: Seventeenth-century Dutch Newsprints of Political Executions

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Warren
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Professional Relationships ◽  
Text And Image ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Training

Map and newsprint publishers Claes Jansz. Visscher and Herman Allertsz. developed a new kind of wall print in the first decade of the seventeenth century that depicted contemporary political executions and which served as ‘eternal memory mirror[s]’. These prints evince the high value contemporaries placed on proportionate justice: the desire for visual affirmation that the punishment fit the crime. Visscher was keen to put a good face on things, downplaying disorganization, unflattering or unfortunate aspects of executions, and he emphasized events that suggested divine approval. The success of his early execution prints had a profound impact on the format and variety of Visscher’s later military newsprints. The large scale, sophisticated organization of text and image, and superior aesthetic qualities – all strategies borrowed from monumental wall maps – enhanced the commercial and polemical potential of his execution imagery. The article first considers Visscher’s early professional relationships and training in cartographic circles. Then, it analyses his multi-plate compositions and the relationship between image and text in his execution prints from 1619 and 1623, which were related to the Truce Conflicts and fights between Remonstrants and Counter-Remonstrants. Finally, the article considers the implications of viewing execution imagery on the wall.

scholarly journals ISOMORPHIC AND ALLOMORPHIC FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURAL, SEMANTIC AND FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF VERBS IN THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-73
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
English Language ◽  
Functional Classification ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
Prepositional Object ◽  
Intransitive Verbs ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scientific Classification

The article deals with the problem of verb classifications in the English and Uzbek languages, as well as reveals the isomorphic and allomorphic features of these verbs. In addition, explained some ideas about the comparison of verb types taking into account the relationship between grammar and vocabulary, and the theory of optimal scientific classification of verbs is proved. However, the grammatically significant classification of the verbs, according to their lexica-grammatical meaning, formation, relation to the object, obligatory valance; whether they require prepositional object or not, the limit of the action in the time, the intransitive verbs which can be used in the passive voice and the verbs which are used with a formal subject have been worked out. When it comes to the objective of the comparative study of verb types, it is crucial to mention that the similarities of the grammatically relevant types of the verbs such as notional, monovalent, bivalent, trivalent verbs and the differences of the non-finite forms of the verbs like infinitive, gerund, participle and adverbial participle have been revealed in the languages compared. In addition to the transitive and intransitive verbs, bifunctional verbs have been identified in the English language.

scholarly journals The typology of rubies and their industrial significance

2022 ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
N.G. Barnov ◽  
V.V. Shchiptsov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Genetic Classification ◽  
Commercial Exploitation ◽  
The World ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Relationship

Information on the International Genetic Classification of Noble Corundum is given. The scheme of location of the main deposits and occurrences of ruby-bearing complexes of the world is attached: 1 – magmatic; 2 – metamorphogenic; 3 – sedimentary (residual ancient crusts of chemical weathering, alluvial and dealluvial-alluvial placers). The location of ruby objects is shown, including the largest areas of depleted, currently operating and promising for the near future ruby deposits in 36 countries around the world. The main typological features of rubies are described. It is emphasized that all properties of rubies are determined by their primary indigenous origin. The typology of rubies is based on the principles of the relationship between magmatism and metamorphism in the formation of the groups under consideration. Hydroblasting and selective crushing methods for mining of corundum-bearing complexes are characterised. The trend towards increased research into the commercial exploitation of the primary sources of ruby-bearing complexes is highlighted. In countries with highly developed mining industries, underground mining is the main way to extract gemstones.

scholarly journals Justicia ecológica = Ecological justice

2020 ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Digno José Montalván Zambrano
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Animal Rights ◽  
The Political ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Ecological Justice ◽  
Nature Preservation ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Resumen: El presente artículo desarrolla el concepto de justicia ecológica dando cuenta de sus características y diferencias respecto de los modelos de justicia ambiental y justicia con los animales. Con dicho objetivo, delimita el contenido de cada uno de estos modelos de justicia a partir su puesta en relación con los enfoques antropocéntrico, biocéntrico y ecocéntrico. Con ello, se busca presentar una clasificación de las principales propuestas que se han elaborado desde la filosofía política sobre la relación del ser humano con la naturaleza, que, a su vez, precise y explique sus traducciones en el mundo del derecho. Finalmente, desde el estudio comparado, el artículo defiende la hipótesis de que la justicia ecológica se constituye como complementaria y necesaria en la urgente labor de la preservación de la Naturaleza.Palabras clave :Justicia ambiental, justicia para los animales, justicia ecológica, antropocentrismo, biocentrismo; ecocentrismo, derecho a un medio ambiente sano, derechos de los animales, derechos de la Naturaleza.Abstract: This article develops the concept of ecological justice explaining its characteristics and main differences from the environmental justice and justice with animals. With this aim, the paper delimits the scope and content of each model of justice taking as reference their relations with the anthropocentric, biocentric and ecocentric approaches. From this, the work seeks to present a classification of the main proposals that the political philosophy has elaborated on the relationship of the human being and nature, including its translations in the world of law. Finally, from the comparative study, the article defends the hypothesis that ecological justice needs to be articulated, alongside the environmental justice, as a necessary complement in the urgent work of Nature preservation. Keywords :Environmental justice, justice for animals, ecological justice, anthropocentrism, biocentrism, ecocentrism, right to a healthy environment, animal rights, rights of nature

The verbal extensions in Southern Bantu languages: a descriptive and comparative classification

1974 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
E. O. J. Westphal ◽  
J. R. Masiea ◽  
S. M. Tindleni ◽  
H. M. Jimba ◽  
I. V. Mzileni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cape Town ◽  
African Studies ◽  
African Languages ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
Verbal Predicate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
University Of Cape Town ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

At the beginning of this year (1973) members of the Department of African Languages at the University of Cape Town met in a daily seminar to discuss post-radical elements in predicatives [P] occurring in sentences [Ss] of the type:Ss → [(S) + P]where the subject [S] precedes a verbal predicate [Pv] … but not a copular predicate [Pc]. The topic of our discussions was in part the subject of Professor Whiteley's work on transitivity in Swahili, though we extended it to consider the relationship between the verbal extensions … which we will consider here … and certain syntactical preferences. In this work we were happily joined by Professor A. N. Tucker and it seemed to us that the subject of our labours was a fitting contribution to the memorial publication planned for Wilfred Whiteley by his colleagues at the School of Oriental and African Studies in the University of London. Even though my colleagues did not have the pleasure of knowing Wilfred Whiteley they wished to be joined in this tribute to a fellow Bantuist.

Political Parties and Political Systems: The Concept of Linkage Revisited

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 808-810
Author(s):  
Robert MacDermid
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Democratic Regimes ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alternative Organizations ◽  
Linkage Relationships

Political Parties and Political Systems: The Concept of Linkage Revisited, Andrea Römmele, David M. Farrell, Piero Ignazi, eds., Westport CN: Praeger/Greenwood, 2005, pp. x, 181.This is a book of nine short essays that develop and extend the ideas of linkage theory. The nature of the relationship between citizens and the state, through political parties and other organizations, has been a focus of study in a range of democratic regimes at least since de Tocqueville. Kay Lawson has dedicated a career to the study and classification of linkage relationships and to developing theories about how citizens and subjects are linked to the state. Lawson's best-known works included The Comparative Study of Political Parties (1976), Political Parties and Linkage: A Comparative Perspective (1980), When Parties Fail: Emerging Alternative Organizations (co-edited with Peter H. Merkl, 1988), and How Political Parties Work: Perspectives from Within (1994).. This volume does not claim to be a festschrift but it celebrates, applies and extends her work.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document