Protective Effects of Thiol Compounds on Chromate-Induced Toxicity In Vitro and In Vivo

In this study a polyphenolic extract from Cleome arabica leaves (CALE) was investigated for its antioxidant activity in vitro using DPPH•, metal chelating and reducing power methods and for its protective effects against AraC-induced hematological toxicity in vivo using Balb C mice. Results indicated that CALE exhibited a strong and dose-dependent scavenging activity against the DPPH• free radical (IC50 = 4.88 μg/ml) and a high reducing power activity (EC50 = 4.85 μg/ml). Furthermore, it showed a good chelating effects against ferrous ions (IC50 = 377.75 μg/ml). The analysis of blood showed that subcutaneous injection of AraC (50 mg/kg) to mice during three consecutive days caused a significant myelosupression (P < 0.05). The combination of CALE and AraC protected blood cells from a veritable toxicity. Where, the number of the red cells, the amount of hemoglobin and the percentage of the hematocrite were significantly high. On the other hand, AraC cause an elevation of body temperature (39 °C) in mice. However, the temperature of the group treated with CALE and AraC remained normal and did not exceed 37.5 °C. The observed biological effects of CALE, in vitro as well as in vivo, could be due to the high polyphenol and flavonoid contents. In addition, the antioxidant activity of CALE suggested to be responsible for its hematoprotective effect.

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Healing effects of curcumin nanoparticles in deep tissue injury mouse model.

Current Drug Delivery ◽

10.2174/1567201818666201214125237 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Author(s):

Zirui Zhang ◽

Shangcong Han ◽

Panpan Liu ◽

Xu Yang ◽

Jing Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Deep Tissue ◽

Deep Tissue Injury

Background: Chronic inflammation and lack of angiogenesis are the important pathological mechanisms in deep tissue injury (DTI). Curcumin is a well-known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent. However, curcumin is unstable under acidic and alkaline conditions, and can be rapidly metabolized and excreted in the bile, which shortens its bioactivity and efficacy. Objective: This study aimed to prepare curcumin-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (CPNPs) and to elucidate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of wound healing in DTI models. Methods: CPNPs were evaluated for particle size, biocompatibility, in vitro drug release and their effect on in vivo wound healing. Results : The results of in vivo wound closure analysis revealed that CPNP treatments significantly improved wound contraction rates (p<0.01) at a faster rate than other three treatment groups. H&E staining revealed that CPNP treatments resulted in complete epithelialization and thick granulation tissue formation, whereas control groups resulted in a lack of compact epithelialization and persistence of inflammatory cells within the wound sites. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that treatment with CPNPs suppressed IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression, and up-regulated TGF-β, VEGF-A and IL-10 mRNA expression. Western blot analysis showed up-regulated protein expression of TGF-β, VEGF-A and phosphorylatedSTAT3. Conclusion: Our results showed that CPNPs enhanced wound healing in DTI models, through modulation of the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway and subsequent upregulation of pro-healing factors.

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Derivatives of Deoxypodophyllotoxin Induce Apoptosis Through Bcl-2/Bax Proteins Expression

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871520620999200730160952 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Ya-Nan Li ◽

Ni Ning ◽

Lei Song ◽

Yun Geng ◽

Jun-Ting Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Annexin V ◽

Mtt Method ◽

Anthriscus Sylvestris ◽

Anti Tumor Activity ◽

Derivatives Of ◽

Toxicity In Vitro ◽

Ht 29 ◽

Mcf 7

Background: Deoxypodophyllotoxin, isolated from theTraditional Chinese Medicine Anthriscus sylvestris, is well-known because of its significant antitumor activity with strong toxicity in vitro and in vivo. Objective: In this article, we synthesized a series of deoxypodophyllotoxin derivatives, and evaluated their antitumor effectiveness.Methods:The anti tumor activity of deoxypodophyllotoxin derivatives was investigated by the MTT method. Apoptosis percentage was measured by flow cytometer analysis using Annexin-V-FITC. Results: The derivatives revealed obvious cytotoxicity in the MTT assay by decreasing the number of late cancer cells. The decrease of Bcl-2/Bax could be observed in MCF-7, HepG2, HT-29 andMG-63 using Annexin V-FITC. The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in the administration group was decreased, which was determined by the ELISA kit. Conclusion: The derivatives of deoxypodophyllotoxin could induce apoptosis in tumor cell lines by influencing Bcl-2/Bax.

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Probiotic and Functional Properties of Limosilactobacillus reuteri INIA P572

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13061860 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1860

Author(s):

Patricia Diez-Echave ◽

Izaskun Martín-Cabrejas ◽

José Garrido-Mesa ◽

Susana Langa ◽

Teresa Vezza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Assays ◽

Immunomodulatory Activity ◽

Probiotic Properties ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Mice Model ◽

In Vivo Models ◽

Food Borne ◽

Gastrointestinal Conditions

Limosilactobacillus reuteri INIA P572 is a strain able to produce the antimicrobial compound reuterin in dairy products, exhibiting a protective effect against some food-borne pathogens. In this study, we investigated some probiotic properties of this strain such as resistance to gastrointestinal passage or to colonic conditions, reuterin production in a colonic environment, and immunomodulatory activity, using different in vitro and in vivo models. The results showed a high resistance of this strain to gastrointestinal conditions, as well as capacity to grow and produce reuterin in a human colonic model. Although the in vitro assays using the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line did not demonstrate direct immunomodulatory properties, the in vivo assays using a Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS)-induced colitic mice model showed clear immunomodulatory and protective effects of this strain.

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Protective effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibition in brain ischaemia in vitro and in vivo models

Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.1080/14756366.2021.1907575 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 964-976

Author(s):

Ilaria Dettori ◽

Irene Fusco ◽

Irene Bulli ◽

Lisa Gaviano ◽

Elisabetta Coppi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbonic Anhydrase ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Brain Ischaemia ◽

In Vivo Models ◽

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition

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The Toxic Effects of Two Dental Materials on Human Buccal Epithelium In Vitro and Monkey Buccal Epithelium In Vivo

Alternatives to Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1177/026119298701400313 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 166-167

Author(s):

D. Arenholt-Bindslev ◽

P. Hørsted-Bindslev ◽

H.P. Philipsen

Keyword(s):

Dental Materials ◽

Microscopical Examination ◽

Buccal Epithelium ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Buccal Epithelial Cells ◽

Toxicity In Vitro ◽

Toxic Reactions ◽

Light Microscopical Examination

The aim of the present study was to compare the toxicity in vitro with the toxicity in vivo of two commercial chemicals marketed for use in the oral cavity (GLUMA BondR and 3M Etching LiquidR). Confluent cultures of human buccal epithelial cells were exposed to graded concentrations of GLUMA Bond or 3M Etching Liquid for 5 minutes. The cytotoxic effects induced by this treatment were observed (cytomorphology, proliferation rate). In vivo, monkey buccal epithelium was exposed to GLUMA Bond or 3M Etching Liquid for 5 minutes. Biopsies were taken after 24 hours, and the buccal epithelium processed for light microscopical examination. In both models, the toxic reactions to GLUMA Bond were far more extensive than those caused by 3M Etching Liquid.

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Norepinephrine Protects against Methamphetamine Toxicity through β2-Adrenergic Receptors Promoting LC3 Compartmentalization

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22137232 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (13) ◽

pp. 7232

Author(s):

Gloria Lazzeri ◽

Carla L. Busceti ◽

Francesca Biagioni ◽

Cinzia Fabrizi ◽

Gabriele Morucci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Membrane ◽

Light Chain ◽

Adrenergic Receptors ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Autophagy Flux ◽

Brain Areas ◽

Indirect Consequence

Norepinephrine (NE) neurons and extracellular NE exert some protective effects against a variety of insults, including methamphetamine (Meth)-induced cell damage. The intimate mechanism of protection remains difficult to be analyzed in vivo. In fact, this may occur directly on target neurons or as the indirect consequence of NE-induced alterations in the activity of trans-synaptic loops. Therefore, to elude neuronal networks, which may contribute to these effects in vivo, the present study investigates whether NE still protects when directly applied to Meth-treated PC12 cells. Meth was selected based on its detrimental effects along various specific brain areas. The study shows that NE directly protects in vitro against Meth-induced cell damage. The present study indicates that such an effect fully depends on the activation of plasma membrane β2-adrenergic receptors (ARs). Evidence indicates that β2-ARs activation restores autophagy, which is impaired by Meth administration. This occurs via restoration of the autophagy flux and, as assessed by ultrastructural morphometry, by preventing the dissipation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) from autophagy vacuoles to the cytosol, which is produced instead during Meth toxicity. These findings may have an impact in a variety of degenerative conditions characterized by NE deficiency along with autophagy impairment.

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