scholarly journals Protective effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibition in brain ischaemia in vitro and in vivo models

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 964-976
Author(s):  
Ilaria Dettori ◽  
Irene Fusco ◽  
Irene Bulli ◽  
Lisa Gaviano ◽  
Elisabetta Coppi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Brain Ischaemia ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition

scholarly journals Probiotic and Functional Properties of Limosilactobacillus reuteri INIA P572

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1860
Author(s):  
Patricia Diez-Echave ◽  
Izaskun Martín-Cabrejas ◽  
José Garrido-Mesa ◽  
Susana Langa ◽  
Teresa Vezza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Gastrointestinal Conditions

Limosilactobacillus reuteri INIA P572 is a strain able to produce the antimicrobial compound reuterin in dairy products, exhibiting a protective effect against some food-borne pathogens. In this study, we investigated some probiotic properties of this strain such as resistance to gastrointestinal passage or to colonic conditions, reuterin production in a colonic environment, and immunomodulatory activity, using different in vitro and in vivo models. The results showed a high resistance of this strain to gastrointestinal conditions, as well as capacity to grow and produce reuterin in a human colonic model. Although the in vitro assays using the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line did not demonstrate direct immunomodulatory properties, the in vivo assays using a Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS)-induced colitic mice model showed clear immunomodulatory and protective effects of this strain.

scholarly journals DHEA Attenuates Microglial Activation via Induction of JMJD3 in Experimental Subarachnoid Haemorrhage

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Tao ◽  
Guang-Jie Liu ◽  
Xuan Shi ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Yue Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Haemorrhage ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Early Brain Injury ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system and central to the innate immune system. Excessive activation of microglia after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) contributes greatly to early brain injury, which is responsible for poor outcomes. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a steroid hormone enriched in the brain, has recently been found to regulate microglial activation. The purpose of this study was to address the role of DHEA in SAH. Methods We used in vivo models of endovascular perforation and in vitro models of haemoglobin exposure to illustrate the effects of DHEA on microglia in SAH. Results In experimental SAH mice, exogenous DHEA administration increased DHEA levels in the brain and modulated microglial activation. Ameliorated neuronal damage and improved neurological outcomes were also observed in the SAH mice pretreated with DHEA, suggesting neuronal protective effects of DHEA. In cultured microglia, DHEA elevated the mRNA and protein levels of Jumonji d3 (JMJD3, histone 3 demethylase) after haemoglobin exposure, downregulated the H3K27me3 level, and inhibited the transcription of proinflammatory genes. The devastating proinflammatory microglia-mediated effects on primary neurons were also attenuated by DHEA; however, specific inhibition of JMJD3 abolished the protective effects of DHEA. We next verified that DHEA-induced JMJD3 expression, at least in part, through the tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA)/Akt signalling pathway. Conclusions DHEA has a neuroprotective effect after SAH. Moreover, DHEA increases microglial JMJD3 expression to regulate proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory microglial activation after haemoglobin exposure, thereby suppressing inflammation.

scholarly journals An Explanation of the Underlying Mechanisms for the In Vitro and In Vivo Antiurolithic Activity of Glechoma longituba

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Liang ◽  
Xiaoran Li ◽  
Wangning Zhou ◽  
Yu Su ◽  
Shenbao He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Potassium Citrate ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Glechoma Longituba

Purpose. To use in vitro and in vivo models to evaluate Glechoma longituba extract to provide scientific evidence for this extract’s antiurolithic activity. Materials and Methods. Potassium citrate was used as a positive control group. Oxidative stress (OS) markers and the expression of osteopontin (OPN) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were measured to assess the protective effects of Glechoma longituba. Multiple urolithiasis-related biochemical parameters were evaluated in urine and serum. Kidneys were harvested for histological examination and the assessment of crystal deposits. Results. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that treatment with Glechoma longituba extract significantly decreased calcium oxalate- (CaOx-) induced OPN expression, KIM-1 expression, and OS compared with the positive control group (P<0.05). Additionally, in vivo rats that received Glechoma longituba extract exhibited significantly decreased CaOx deposits and pathological alterations (P<0.05) compared with urolithic rats. Significantly lower levels of oxalate, creatinine, and urea and increased citrate levels were observed among rats that received Glechoma longituba (P<0.05) compared with urolithic rats. Conclusion. Glechoma longituba has antiurolithic effects due to its possible combined effects of increasing antioxidant levels, decreasing urinary stone-forming constituents and urolithiasis-related protein expression, and elevating urinary citrate levels.

Protective effects of Cathelicidin against glomerulonephritis through promotion of host defense

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-198
Author(s):  
Ajay H. Bahl ◽  
Wanda Lee
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Helical Conformation ◽  
Antimicrobial Protein ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Risk Of Death

Cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptides are a family of polypeptides found in lysosomes of macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Some of these peptides can assume an alpha-helical conformation, others contain one or two disulfide bonds, still others are Pro- and Arg-rich, or Trp-rich. Higher levels of human cathelicidin antimicrobial protein (hCAP18), which are up-regulated by vitamin D, appear to significantly reduce the risk of death from infection in dialysis patients. Using in vitro and in vivo models of kidney infection, we demonstrate key antimicrobial and host immunomodulatory properties of cathelicidins. To directly assess the role of endogenous cathelicidin in the development of glomerulonephritis, WT and mCRAMP KO mice were provided with 5% DSS to induce glomerulonephritis. Some mice groups were administered with E. coli DNA I.P. Our findings showed that mCRAMP KO mice develop more severe glomerulonephritis. These data demonstrate key roles for cathelicidins in host defense against glomerulonephritis and the potential to inform the development of synthetic analogues to modulate specific host-pathogen interactions as novel antimicrobial therapeutics.

scholarly journals Protective effects of orally applied fullerenol nano particles in rats after a single dose of doxorubicin

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Icevic ◽  
Aleksandar Vukmirovic ◽  
Branislava Srdjenovic ◽  
Jan Sudji ◽  
Aleksandar Djordjevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Nephroprotective Effect

Polyhydroxylated, water soluble, fullerenol C60(OH)24 nano particles (FNP) in vitro and in vivo models, showed an expressive biological activity. The goal of this work was to investigate the potential protective effects of orally applied FNP on rats after a single dose of doxorubicin (DOX) (8 mg/kg (i.p.)) 6 h after the last application of FNP. After the last drug administration, the rats were sacrificed, and the blood and tissues were taken for the analysis. Biochemical and pathological results obtained in this study indicate that fullerenol (FNP), in H2O:DMSO (80:20, w/w) solution given orally in final doses of 10, 14.4, and 21.2 mg/kg three days successively, has the protective (hepatoprotective and nephroprotective) effect against doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity via its antioxidant properties.

Radiation Induced Gastrointestinal Damage and Protection: Nigella Sativa Seed Extract and Thymoquinone

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Nidhi Pandey ◽  
Priya Shri ◽  
Harsh Pandey ◽  
Yamini B. Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Dividing Cells

<p>Ionising radiation therapy is a common treatment for different types of cancers. The side effects associated with radiation includes destruction of normal cells, especially the dividing cells. The cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and bone marrow are the primary targets. The GI damage is reflected by early histological changes, functional alterations and symptoms of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. This has been designated as the radiation syndrome. Many synthetic drugs have been used to treat GI disorders but a definite cure has not been discovered so far and these available medications also cause several side effects. The herbal extracts are being tested for long time as preventive food supplement/drug in this disease. The radio protective effects of Nigella sativa (black cumin, (Ranunculacea) is already reported but its mechanism of action is not well established. Here in this review this aspect has been explored with special reference to various in vitro and in vivo models.</p>

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