Geography Matters: Discerning the Importance of Local Context

Slavic Review ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Mitchneck

Basic geographical considerations like distance and resource location do influence political and economic processes; yet, focusing on additional geographical concepts such as relative location, relational space, and embedded sociospatial relationships strengthens and deepens analysis to reveal easily overlooked factors and implications of transition. Beth Mitchneck uses the example of survey research on Russia's transition, now prevalent in study of the region, to show that identifying spatial and regional variation is not always a simple or straightforward process and that incorporating nuanced geographical concepts into both the construction and analysis of a survey instrument about local politics reveals regions as settings for social practice. By shifting from a paradigm where regions are containers in physical space to one where regions are settings in which social behavior and action is situated, she suggests that inconsistent experience of transition processes are related to regional or spatial variation.

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana España Keller

This paper asks what is the value of transforming the kitchen into a sonic performative work and public site for art and social practice. A Public Kitchen is formed by recreating the private and domestic space of a kitchen into a public space through a sonic performance artwork. The kitchen table is a platform for exploring, repositioning and amplifying kitchen tools as material phenomena through electronic and manual manipulation into an immersive sonic performance installation. This platform becomes a collaborative social space, where somatic movement and sensory, sonic power of the repositioned kitchen tools are built on a relational architecture of iterative sound performances that position the art historical and the sociopolitical, transforming disciplinary interpretations of the body and technology as something that is not specifically exclusively human but post-human. A Public Kitchen represents a pedagogical strategy for organizing and responding collectively to the local, operating as an independent nomadic event that speaks through a creative practice that is an unfolding process. (Re)imagining the social in a Public Kitchen produces noisy affects in a sonic intra-face that can contribute to transforming our social imaginations, forming daring dissonant narratives that feed post-human ethical practices and feminist genealogies. This paper reveals what matters—a feminist struggle invaluable in channeling the intra-personal; through the entanglement of the self, where language, meaning and subjectivity are relational to human difference and to what is felt from the social, what informs from a multi-cultural nomadic existence and diffractive perspective. The labored body is entangled with post-human contingencies of food preparation, family and social history, ritual, tradition, social geography, local politics, and women’s oppression; and is resonant and communicates as a site where new sonic techniques of existence are created and experiences shared.


2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Phemister

Drawing on a Leibnizian panpsychist ontology of living beings that have a body and a soul, this paper outlines a theory of space based on the perceptual and appetitive relations among these creatures’ souls. In parallel with physical space founded on relations among bodies subject to efficient causation, teleological space results from relations among souls subject to final causation and is described qualitatively in terms of creatures’ pleasure and pain, wellbeing and happiness. Particular places within this space include the kingdom of grace, where morally responsible, rational beings act as far as possible in accord with the ideal of justice as universal love and wise benevolence. However, while Leibniz considered love as properly directed only towards rational beings, it is argued here that the truly wise person will direct their love and benevolence towards all living things. Ausgehend von Leibniz’ panpsychistischer Ontologie von Lebewesen, die einen Körper und eine Seele haben, skizziert dieser Beitrag eine Theorie des Raumes, der auf den perzeptuellen und appetitiven Relationen zwischen den Seelen der Geschöpfe beruht. Parallel zum physikalischen Raum, der in Relationen zwischen den effizient kausal interagierenden Körper begründet liegt, ergibt sich aus den Relationen zwischen den Seelen, die finaler Verursachung unterliegen und in qualitativen Begriffen von Freude und Schmerz wie von Wohl und Zufriedenheit beschrieben werden, ein teleologischer Raum. Besondere Regionen dieses Raumes bilden das Königreich der Gnade, wo moralisch verantwortliche, rationale Wesen so weit wie möglich in Übereinstimmung mit dem Ideal der Gerechtigkeit als universale Liebe und weise Güte handeln. Während Leibniz jedoch meinte, dass sich echte Liebe nur auf rationale Wesen richte, wird hier argumentiert, dass eine wahrhaft weise Person ihre Liebe und Güte auf alle Lebewesen beziehen wird.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-49
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fauzi

Abstract: This research, praxis aims to describe and interpret various roles and social contributions of the kiai to victims of Dimas Kanjeng in Probolinggo. Sociologically, the existence of kiai in the midst of society occupies the most strategic position, even all forms of social action and advice are used as references and legitimacy for various social problems. Therefore, the presence of the kiai is understood as a pioneer of change in both the religious, moral, social and cultural fields of all domestic and social domestication (social and cultural domestication), especially for victims of Dimas Kanjeng. In this context, the existence of the kiai is an important part in providing enlightenment to overcome various problems that are happening, as a form of social change for victims of Dimas Kanjeng. Thus, to interpret and interpret the roles and social actions of the kiai, the researcher uses Pierre Bourdieu's social practice theory, between Habitus x Modal + Domain = Practice, with a qualitative approach and type of case study research. In praxis, this study produced several findings, including; 1) the presence of kiai and pesantren basically cannot be separated from scientific genealogy which is built through the Koran and al-Hadith, as core beliefs and core values, so that it becomes a social capital of the kiai (social capital) to practice social (social practice) and bring about changes in both the religious, moral and social fields, by transmitting universal religious values (kaffah), the view is expected to influence and inspire the thinking and social behavior of the community, especially for victims of Dimas Kanjeng, to shape individual piety and social piety; 2) the kiai's approach to social change, including; cultural approach, through a process of guidance regarding understanding Islamic teachings; a cultural approach, the involvement of the kiai in various socio-religious organizations becomes the main capital to influence the thinking and social behavior of other individuals; 3) various social contributions of the kiai include several aspects; kiai as social change, social cohesion, social harmonization; purification of the soul (tazkiyyat al-nafs) and moral fortifications in maintaining social integrity. الملخص: يهدف هذا البحث العملي إلى وصف وتفسير الأدوار والمساهمات الاجتماعية المختلفة للشيوخ / العلماء لضحايا ديماس كانجينج في بروبولينجو. من الناحية الاجتماعية ، يحتل وجود العلماء / الشيخ في وسط المجتمع المكان الأكثر استراتيجية ، حتى يتم استخدام جميع أشكال العمل الاجتماعي والمشورة كمراجع وشرعية لمختلف المشاكل الاجتماعية. لذلك ، يُفهم وجود العلماء / الشيخ على أنه رائد التغيير في كل من المجالات الدينية والأخلاقية والاجتماعية والثقافية لجميع التدجين الاجتماعي والثقافي ، وخاصة بالنسبة لضحايا ديماس كانجينج. في هذا السياق ، يعد وجود العلماء / الشيخ جزءًا مهمًا في توفير التنوير للتغلب على المشكلات المختلفة التي تحدث ، كشكل من أشكال التغيير الاجتماعي لضحايا ديماس كانجينج. وبالتالي ، لتفسير الأدوار والإجراءات الاجتماعية للعلماء / الشيخ ، يستخدم الباحث نظرية الممارسة الاجتماعية لبيير بورديو ، بين habitus x modal + domain = Practice، مع نهج نوعي ونوع من أبحاث دراسة الحالة.  في الممارسة ، أنتجت هذه الدراسة العديد من النتائج ، بما في ذلك ؛ 1) لا يمكن فصل وجود العلماء والشيوخ والبيزنرة في الأساس عن علم الأنساب المبني من خلال القرآن والحديث ، كمعتقدات وقيم أساسية ، بحيث يصبح رأس المال الاجتماعي للكيي لتنفيذ الممارسات الاجتماعية وإحداث التغيير في المجال الديني ، من الناحية الأخلاقية والاجتماعية ، من خلال نقل القيم الدينية العالمية (الكفة) ، من المتوقع أن تكون هذه النظرة قادرة على التأثير وإلهام الفكر والسلوك الاجتماعي ، وخاصة لضحايا ديماس كانجينج ، لتشكيل التقوى الفردية والتقوى الاجتماعية ؛ 2) نهج العلماء / الشيخ في إحداث تغييرات اجتماعية ، بما في ذلك ؛ النهج الثقافي ، من خلال عملية الإرشاد بشأن فهم التعاليم الإسلامية ؛ من خلال نهج ثقافي ، تصبح مشاركة الكيان في مختلف المنظمات الاجتماعية الدينية هي العاصمة الرئيسية للتأثير على التفكير والسلوك الاجتماعي للأفراد الآخرين ؛ 3) تشمل المساهمات الاجتماعية المختلفة للشيوخ عدة جوانب ؛ العلماء / الشيخ كتغيير اجتماعي وتماسك اجتماعي ومواءمة اجتماعية ؛ تطهير الروح (تزكية النفس) والتحصينات الأخلاقية في الحفاظ على النزاهة الاجتماعية. Abstrak: Penelitian ini praksis bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menginterpretasikan berbagai peran dan kontribusi sosial kyai kepada para korban Dimas Kanjeng di Probolinggo. Secara sosiologis, keberadaan kiai di tengah-tengah masyarakat menempati posisi paling strategis, bahkan semua bentuk aksi dan saran sosial digunakan sebagai referensi dan legitimasi untuk berbagai masalah sosial. Oleh karena itu, kehadiran kiai dipahami sebagai pelopor perubahan baik dalam bidang agama, moral, sosial dan budaya dari semua domestik dan sosial domestikasi (sosial dan budaya domestikasi), terutama untuk para korban Dimas Kanjeng. Dalam konteks ini, keberadaan kiai merupakan bagian penting dalam memberikan pencerahan untuk mengatasi berbagai masalah yang sedang terjadi, sebagai bentuk perubahan sosial bagi para korban Dimas Kanjeng. Dengan demikian, untuk menafsirkan dan menafsirkan peran dan tindakan sosial kiai, peneliti menggunakan teori praktik sosial Pierre Bourdieu, antara Habitus x Modal + Domain = Praktek, dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Dalam praksis, penelitian ini menghasilkan beberapa temuan, termasuk; 1) kehadiran kyai dan pesantren pada dasarnya tidak dapat dilepaskan dari silsilah ilmiah yang dibangun melalui Alquran dan al-Hadis, sebagai keyakinan inti dan nilai-nilai inti, sehingga menjadi modal sosial kiai (modal sosial) untuk mempraktikkan sosial (praktik sosial) dan membawa perubahan baik dalam bidang agama, moral dan sosial, dengan mentransmisikan nilai-nilai agama universal (kaffah), pandangan ini diharapkan dapat mempengaruhi dan menginspirasi pemikiran dan perilaku sosial masyarakat, terutama bagi para korban Dimas Kanjeng, untuk membentuk kesalehan individu dan kesalehan sosial; 2) pendekatan kiai terhadap perubahan sosial, termasuk; pendekatan budaya, melalui proses bimbingan tentang memahami ajaran Islam; pendekatan budaya, keterlibatan kiai dalam berbagai organisasi sosial keagamaan menjadi modal utama untuk mempengaruhi pemikiran dan perilaku sosial individu lain; 3) berbagai kontribusi sosial kiai mencakup beberapa aspek; kyai sebagai perubahan sosial, kohesi sosial, harmonisasi sosial; pemurnian jiwa (tazkiyyat al-nafs) dan benteng moral dalam menjaga integritas sosial.


Author(s):  
Martha King

Within their pluralistic system of health care, the Amish make medical decisions influenced by cultural practice: a call for adherents to separate themselves from the outside world and to yield to the group. Using ethnographic research, this article discusses one aspect of the relationship between Amish communities near Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and a pediatric genetics clinic that has reformed the ways it mobilizes biomedicine in order to engage this community. Despite local Amish reticence to participate in biomedical systems, three elements discussed here are among those that help shape successful relationships between Amish families and the clinic: a carefully crafted physical space, a conceptualization of genetic medicine as skilled work, and a consideration for culturally appropriate use of time. Amish spaces of practice open to incorporate the clinic as biomedical spaces labor to incorporate Amish practice. The result is an emergent therapeutic landscape developing as a response to group social practice.


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Kusmana Kusmana

AbstractThis paper is taking two cases of leadership. The first case deals with a given leadership trait of Nyai Yoyoh Johara, Cintawana Pesantren, Singaparna, Tasikmalaya district, and the other of Nyai Etti Tismayanti, al-Ikhwan Pesantren, Condong, Setia Negara, Tasikmalaya city. Applying a grounded research method and using Anthony Giddens’s perspective of social practice, the study identifies woman’s leadership in Islamic educational institutions, from the competition of social force of kodrat and of democracy and feminism.  The object of the study is the Muslim woman’s leadership at pesantren in the local context. The data used in this study is based on the fieldwork which was done April to November 2010 in both Tasikmalaya district and city. The study found that women apply some strategies and manipulate the hindrances they face dynamically to have a career in the educational realm, in the male world using the limitation imposed by the norm such as kodrat, with several strategies. Modern values as social forces do influence female leadership agency but are implemented through certain rationalization which still maintains the traditional roles of women.AbstrakArtikel ini mendiskusikan bagaimana perempuan memimpin di pesantren, baik dalam bentuk kepemimpinan terberi (inherited) atau kepemimpinan yang diraih dengan usaha (achieved leadership) di konteks lokal, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya dan Kota Tasikmalaaya, dengan mengambil dua kasus kepemimpinan. Kasus pertama mendiskusikan jalan (trait) kepemimpinan Nyai Yoyoh Johara, Cintawana Pesantren, Singaparna, Tasikmalaya Kabupaten, dan kedua Nyai Etti Tismayanti, dari Pesantren al-Ikhwan, Condong, Setia Negara, Kota Tasikmalaya. Dengan menggunakan metode grounded research dan perspektif praktek sosial Anthony Giddens, kajian ini mengidentifiksi kepemimpinan perempuan di Lembaga pendidikan Islam, dari kompetisi kekuatan sosial kodrat perempuan dan kekuatan demokrasi dan feminism. Obyek kajian ini adalah kepemimpinan perempuan Muslim di pesantren dalam konteks lokal.  ata yang digunakan dalam peneliti ini adalah berdasar pada hasil penelitin lapngan yang dikerjakan dari bulan April sampai November 2010 di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya dan Kota Tasikmalaya.Kajian ini menemukan bahwa perempuan mengaplikasikan beberapa strategi dan mensiasti halangan yang mereka temui dan mereka  secara dinamis bergerak meraih karir  dalam dunia pendidikan, dengan menggunakan keterbatasan yang mereka punyai  disebabkan pengaruh norma kodrat. Nilai-nilai modern yang berfungsi sebagai kekuatan sosial mempengaruhi agensi kepemimpinan perempuan, tapi pengaruh tersebut dirasionalisasi melalui kekuatan sosial yang masih memelihara peranan tradisional perempuan. How to Cite Kusmana (2019).   Pesantren and Local Female Leadership in Modern Indonesia. TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, 6(1), 23-35. doi:10.15408/tjems.v6i1.8919.


2014 ◽  
pp. 130-147
Author(s):  
Konrad Matyjaszek

The Post-Jewish SpaceThe paper offers a critical analysis of a prevalently used contemporary Polish design strategy of alteration and modification, practiced on the former Jewish districts in Poland. A majority of these districts’ urban substance consists of property once belonging to Polish Jews, and appropriated by non-Jewish Poles during the Holocaust and after 1945. Such property and its urban space are described in Polish language as a ‘post-Jewish’ ones (mienie pożydowskie).The article analyses two parallel cultural processes of contemporary adaptation of this urban space. First of these processes is focused on the concept of Jewish Space, a social idea proposed in 1999 by Diana Pinto. The Jewish Space, envisaged as a cultural and material space of an encounter between European Jews and non-Jews, in its Polish interpretation becomes free from any requirement of a Jewish presence. A social practice resulting from such interpretation differs radically from Pinto’s original idea.The second reviewed process concerns the physical construction of thus defined ‘space of encounter’. Its practice is analysed on an example of Oxygenator, an urban intervention by Joanna Rajkowska, installed in Warsaw in 2007. This work, one of first Polish attempts to create a physical space of encounter, despite of its altruistic principles could not fully go beyond the boundaries of the Polish discourse on the exclusivist ‘dialogue’. Consequently, a cultural vocabulary it allowed remains limited to meanings more likely to result with exclusion than with a possibility of participation. Przestrzeń pożydowskaArtykuł zawiera krytyczną analizę współczesnych strategii zmian oraz modyfikacji w pożydowskich dzielnicach w Polsce. Większość substancji miejskiej w tych rejonach składa się z nieruchomości wcześniej należących do polskich Żydów, a później przywłaszczonych przez Polaków nieżydowskiego pochodzenia podczas Holokaustu oraz po roku 1945. Tego typu nieruchomości nazywa się obecnie „mieniem pożydowskim”.Autor analizuje dwa równolegle działające procesy adaptacji tej przestrzeni miejskiej. Pierwszy z nich zasadza się na koncepcji „przestrzeni żydowskiej”, przedstawionej w 1999 roku przez Dianę Pinto. „Przestrzeń żydowska”, pierwotnie zdefiniowana jako kulturalne i materialne miejsce spotkań europejskich Żydów oraz ludności pochodzenia nieżydowskiego, w polskim kontekście nie wymaga realnej obecności Żydów. Co za tym idzie, praktyki społeczne wynikające z tej interpretacji idei „przestrzeni żydowskiej” daleko odbiegają od pierwotnego zamysłu Pinto.Drugi proces opisany w artykule dotyczy fizycznej realizacji tak zdefiniowanego „miejsca spotkań”. Analizowany jest on na przykładzie Dotleniacza – instalacji miejskiej z 2007 roku autorstwa Joanny Rajkowskiej. Praca Rajkowskiej była jedną z pierwszych prób stworzenia fizycznego miejsca spotkań w Polsce. Pomimo altruistycznych założeń, które legły u podstaw projektu, nie mógł on w pełni wyrwać się z okowów dyskursu na temat „dialogu” ekskluzywistycznego. Tak więc kulturowa interpretacja Dotleniacza została zawężona do znaczeń, których owocem będzie raczej wykluczenie, a nie możliwość uczestnictwa.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 689-702
Author(s):  
Tahir Mahmood ◽  
Urwah Iftikhar ◽  
Muhammad Ahsan Bhatti

Basically, this is a survey research that investigates the impact of violent cartoons on the behaviour of children. Children often draw strong social or anti-social ideas from children’s movies and cartoons. Television is the most popular medium in which the children are exposed. The media is constantly creating new cartoons with increased violence and children do not realize how harmful this is to them. The study investigates that how children are being exposed to anti-social content and what impact is done on their behavior. Cartoons have much value in personality construction of children especially in very early age. Children try to become like their favorite cartoon character. They try to mimic and copy the actions performed by their favorite cartoon hero. The environment in which the children watch horror or violent cartoons is also very important. They may develop fears or anti-social behavior in the absence of parental guidance.


2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Rozee Benavides

Diabetes is a serious public health problem in Mexico with a particular concern in Isla Mujeres. With its sparkling beaches, delicious ceviche, and dazzling sunsets, the Caribbean island of Isla Mujeres in Quintana Roo, Mexico, is paradise to all; nevertheless, an estimated 80 percent of the population has Type 2 diabetes. In a primarily isleño (islander) population, I conducted a mixed method ethnographic study that integrated an anthropological lens with an applied research design. The rate of Type 2 diabetes within this population highlights the need to include in-depth, qualitative exploration of local context, social environment, and isleño culture when considering how to create change. Clinical data, formal and informal interviews, and surveys reveal the need to improve accessible patient education programs. The focus of this ethnography study is to understand the cultural and societal domains of food as a social practice, nutrition, and education that have led to this food-related disease.


2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Gibson

This paper draws on research conducted for over a decade on the musical cultures of the New South Wales Far North Coast, as a contribution to debates in geography and popular music studies on the links between music, place and articulations of cultural identities. Patterns of migration and economic restructuring over the last 20 years have transformed the Far North Coast region, with associated changes in the images conjured to describe the region – from those centred on dairying, fishing and sugar harvesting to those of a ‘lifestyle’ or ‘alternative’ region, with growth in employment in tourism, recreational services, ‘gourmet’ agricultural production, culinary delights, homewares retail and the arts. Music has been a constant presence in the region throughout generations, but became much more pronounced after significant counter-urban migrations to the area began in the 1970s. As music emerged as a unique part of the cultural mix of the region, it became much more diverse, was entangled in local politics, and in the transitions and tensions that have surrounded successive waves of new migrants – both domestic and international – to the region. This article discusses music as a social practice within the region that has played a part in shaping and reflecting evolving regional identities; but at the same time, music constitutes a set of activities that unsettle notions of ‘boundedness’ or ‘stable’ associations between place identities and music. I begin with debates about the links between music, place and identity, and the extent to which such associations are performative – constituted in an embodied fashion in the process of describing and enacting certain cultural discourses. Two broad trends are outlined here as ‘storylines’: one focused on constructions of music as ‘authentic’ that are linked to place identities, the second emphasises mobility of musical languages, and network metaphors for the repetition of musical practices across locations. Interpretations of musical practices on the Far North Coast hold these storylines in tension; one focused on ‘fixing’ musical practices in place, the other emphasizing the fluidity of ‘the region’ in a wider musical geography.


Geografie ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renáta Mikešová

There are significant differences in voting behavior among municipalities and regions in parliamentary elections in Czechia. In the following study we concentrate on the influence of local context on voting behavior. We studied 10 municipalities and regions with a specific voting behavior that does not correspond to the expected voting behavior – according to the socio-demographic characteristics of the population. Using qualitative data analysis (focus groups and in-depth interviews), we focused on causes of voting behavior that are difficult to reveal through quantitative methods. According to the analysis, the socio-economic structure of the inhabitants of the regions, together with the influence of family, family history, traditions, and experiences shaped by the historical development of the region, have significant impact on political socialization and voting behavior. Local politics and local politicians also have some influence. At the same time, there are noticable differences between individual municipalities and regions representing different party families.


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