scholarly journals Localization of osteopontin and osterix in periodontal tissue during orthodontic tooth movement in rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Youn Kim ◽  
Byung-In Kim ◽  
Seong-Suk Jue ◽  
Jae Hyun Park ◽  
Je-Won Shin
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Proliferating Cell ◽  
Periodontal Tissue Remodeling

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the localization of osteopontin (OPN) and osterix in periodontal tissue during experimental tooth movement with heavy force in rats. Materials and Methods: Nickel-titanium closed-coil springs were used to create a 100 g mesial force to the maxillary first molars. On days 3, 7, 10, and 14 after force application, histological changes in periodontium were examined by immunohistochemistry using proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), OPN, and osterix. Results: PCNA-positive cells were found close to the alveolar bone and cementum on both sides. OPN-positive cells were observed along the cementing line of the cementum and bone on both sides and also were visible along with newly formed fibers in the periodontal ligament on the tension side. Osterix-positive cells were strongly detected on the surface of the alveolar bone and cementum on both sides. Conclusions: During tooth movement, periodontal remodeling occurs on both sides. These results indicate that OPN and osterix may play an important role of differentiation and osteoblasts and cementoblasts matrix formation during periodontal tissue remodeling.

scholarly journals Biomechanical Interfaces of Corticotomies on Periodontal Tissue Remodeling during Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ruojing Liu ◽  
Li Huang ◽  
Xiaoyue Xiao ◽  
Yuzhe Guan ◽  
Yukun Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Tissue Remodeling ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
Wnt Signal Pathway ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Periodontal Tissue Remodeling

Corticotomy is an effective approach in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in clinical treatment. Corticotomy causes regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP) in the alveolar bone of surgical sites. However, the molecular mechanism of RAP after corticotomy remains unclear. Herein, we established a mouse model to study the biomechanical interfaces of corticotomy-assisted OTM and to investigate the histological responses and underlying cellular mechanism. A total of 144 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into four groups: corticotomy alone (Corti), sham operation (Sham), corticotomy with tooth movement (Corti + TM), and sham operation with tooth movement (Sham + TM). Nickel–titanium orthodontic springs were applied to trigger tooth movement. Mice were sacrificed on Post-Surgery Day (PSD) 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 for radiographic, histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular biological analyses. The results reveal that corticotomy significantly promoted alveolar bone turnover and periodontal tissue remodeling. During orthodontic tooth movement, corticotomy significantly promoted osteogenic and proliferative activity, accelerated tooth movement, and eliminated root resorption by upregulating Wnt signal pathway.

scholarly journals The role of inhibition of osteocyte apoptosis in mediating orthodontic tooth movement and periodontal remodeling: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Kaplan ◽  
Zana Kalajzic ◽  
Thomas Choi ◽  
Imad Maleeh ◽  
Christopher L. Ricupero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Osteocyte Apoptosis ◽  
Saline Administration ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) has been shown to induce osteocyte apoptosis in alveolar bone shortly after force application. However, how osteocyte apoptosis affects orthodontic tooth movement is unknown. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of inhibition of osteocyte apoptosis on osteoclastogenesis, changes in the alveolar bone density, and the magnitude of OTM using a bisphosphonate analog (IG9402), a drug that affects osteocyte and osteoblast apoptosis but does not affect osteoclasts. Material and methods Two sets of experiments were performed. Experiment 1 was used to specifically evaluate the effect of IG9402 on osteocyte apoptosis in the alveolar bone during 24 h of OTM. For this experiment, twelve mice were divided into two groups: group 1, saline administration + OTM24-h (n=6), and group 2, IG9402 administration + OTM24-h (n=6). The contralateral unloaded sides served as the control. The goal of experiment 2 was to evaluate the role of osteocyte apoptosis on OTM magnitude and osteoclastogenesis 10 days after OTM. Twenty mice were divided into 4 groups: group 1, saline administration without OTM (n=5); group 2, IG9402 administration without OTM (n=5); group 3, saline + OTM10-day (n=6); and group 4, IG9402 + OTM10-day (n=4). For both experiments, tooth movement was achieved using Ultra Light (25g) Sentalloy Closed Coil Springs attached between the first maxillary molar and the central incisor. Linear measurements of tooth movement and alveolar bone density (BVF) were assessed by MicroCT analysis. Cell death (or apoptosis) was assessed by terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, while osteoclast and macrophage formation were assessed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and F4/80+ immunostaining. Results We found that IG9402 significantly blocked osteocyte apoptosis in alveolar bone (AB) at 24 h of OTM. At 10 days, IG9402 prevented OTM-induced loss of alveolar bone density and changed the morphology and quality of osteoclasts and macrophages, but did not significantly affect the amount of tooth movement. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that osteocyte apoptosis may play a significant role in osteoclast and macrophage formation during OTM, but does not seem to play a role in the magnitude of orthodontic tooth movement.

scholarly journals Is Inflammation a Friend or Foe for Orthodontic Treatment?: Inflammation in Orthodontically Induced Inflammatory Root Resorption and Accelerating Tooth Movement

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2388
Author(s):  
Masaru Yamaguchi ◽  
Shinichi Fukasawa
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Orthodontic Forces ◽  
Necrosis Factor

The aim of this paper is to provide a review on the role of inflammation in orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) and accelerating orthodontic tooth movement (AOTM) in orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is stimulated by remodeling of the periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone. These remodeling activities and tooth displacement are involved in the occurrence of an inflammatory process in the periodontium, in response to orthodontic forces. Inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins (PGs), interleukins (Ils; IL-1, -6, -17), the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α superfamily, and receptor activator of nuclear factor (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) are increased in the PDL during OTM. OIIRR is one of the accidental symptoms, and inflammatory mediators have been detected in resorbed roots, PDL, and alveolar bone exposed to heavy orthodontic force. Therefore, these inflammatory mediators are involved with the occurrence of OIIRR during orthodontic tooth movement. On the contrary, regional accelerating phenomenon (RAP) occurs after fractures and surgery such as osteotomies or bone grafting, and bone healing is accelerated by increasing osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Recently, tooth movement after surgical procedures such as corticotomy, corticision, piezocision, and micro-osteoperforation might be accelerated by RAP, which increases the bone metabolism. Therefore, inflammation may be involved in accelerated OTM (AOTM). The knowledge of inflammation during orthodontic treatment could be used in preventing OIIRR and AOTM.

scholarly journals Expression of Wnt10b, β-catenin, Rankl and Runx2 in the Periodontal Tissues During Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Wang ◽  
SiYan Chen ◽  
Miaomiao Zhang ◽  
Kaixin Ji ◽  
Minjie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pressure Side ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Rankl Mrna ◽  
Periodontal Tissue Remodeling

Abstract Objectiveto investigate the expression of Wnt10b, Rankl, β-catenin and Runx2 mRNA in periodontal tissues during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in rats; Materials and methods36 healthy male SD rats were selected and divided into six groups randomly according to the time of the force applied (0 hour, 12 hours, 24 hours, 5 days, 7 days, 14 days), with 6 rats in each group. 0hour group served as the control group. Except for control group, an orthodontic force of 50g was applied to the upper-left first molar with a nickel-titanium tension spring. The expression of Wnt10b, Rankl, β-catenin and Runx2 during OTM were detected by Real-time PCR (RT-PCR). ResultsCompared with the control group, Wnt10b mRNA expression in the pressure side was inhibited at the initial stage, and then increased, reached peak at day 5. A strong expression of Rankl mRNA in the pressure side can be seen from 12 hours to 14 days. The expression level was consistently higher than control group, and it peaked at day 7. The initial expression of β-catenin and Runx2 mRNA in the periodontal tissues of the experimental groups were small in the tension side, but still higher than the control group. The expression increased gradually with the extension of time, and reached the peak at day 7 after force treatment. ConclusionWnt10b, β-catenin, Rankl and Runx2 are related to periodontal tissues remodeling during OTM in rats; Wnt10b/β-catenin signaling pathways participate in periodontal tissue remodeling during OTM.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF PDL-CEMENTUM ENTHESIS IN PROTECTING PDL UNDER MASTICATORY LOADING: A FINITE ELEMENT INVESTIGATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150049
Author(s):  
HOSSEIN JOKAR ◽  
GHOLAMREZA ROUHI ◽  
NABIOLLAH ABOLFATHI
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Von Mises

Background: The function of periodontal ligament (PDL)-cementum enthesis (PCE) in transferring the mechanical stimuli within the tooth–periodontium (PDT)–bone complex was not made clear yet. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PCE on the mechanical stimuli distribution within the PDL and alveolar bone in the tooth–PDT–bone complex under occlusal forces using the finite element method. Methods: A computed tomography-based model of alveolar bone and second premolar of mandible was constructed, in which the PDT was considered at the interface of alveolar bone and tooth. Under a 3 MPa distributed occluso-apical masticatory load, applied over the uppermost surface of crown, the von Mises strain (vMST) and strain energy density (SED) within PDL, and von Mises stress (vMSR) and SED within alveolar bone were calculated in two situations: 1. When the PCE was absent; and 2. When the PCE was present between the PDL and cementum. Results: PCE levels-off SED and vMST within PDL up to 59% and 27%, respectively, compared to the model with no PCE. Moreover, in the alveolar bone, SEDs and vMSR increased up to 28% and 30%, respectively, compared to the model without PCE. Conclusion: By including PCE in the tooth–PDT–bone model, the mechanical stimuli shifted from PDL to its surrounding alveolar bone. Thus, it can be speculated that the tooth–PDT–bone complex has the capability of reducing the risk of PDL damage, through shifting excess mechanical stimuli from PDL toward the alveolar bone, during prolonged cyclic masticatory loading, as well as while one applies nonphysiologic and therapeutic loads, such as in orthodontic tooth movement.

scholarly journals Correlation of IL-17 level in gingival crevicular fluid of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Zhou ◽  
Xiao Liang ◽  
Aipeng Liu ◽  
Dongmei Nong ◽  
Yaqing Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Osteoclast Number

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate IL-17 expression in orthodontic tooth movement and orthodontic nickel-titanium spring-induced inflammatory root resorption.MethodsOrthodontic nickel-titanium springs were ligated between the bilateral maxillary first molar and the incisors of the rats to establish a rat model of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), each rat was subjected to two cycles of near-GCF and peripheral blood serum collection before and after force application, and IL-17 levels in GCF and serum were measured quantitatively by ELISA. Morphological changes in periodontal tissue and root of the experimental dentine were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the osteoclast number and expression changes in IL-17, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the periodontal tissues, respectively, on the pressure side of the experimental tooth.ResultsIL-17 was detected in GCF and serum. The pressure area exhibited alveolar bone resorption only at a force of 20g. Additionally, a force of 60g led to root resorption. IL-17, RANKL/OPG and osteoclast number showed similar trend that all expressed increasing high level at early stage, then significantly decreased from days 5 to 14, and revealed 60g group the highest expression level while 0g group the lowest.The change in the IL-17 level in the GCF was strongly correlated with IL-17 and RANKL/OPG expression levels and osteoclast numbers in the periodontal ligament.ConclusionsThe results indicated that measuring IL-17 level in GCF can predict the risk of alveolar bone and root resorption induced by orthodontic treatment.

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