scholarly journals Biomechanical Interfaces of Corticotomies on Periodontal Tissue Remodeling during Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ruojing Liu ◽  
Li Huang ◽  
Xiaoyue Xiao ◽  
Yuzhe Guan ◽  
Yukun Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Tissue Remodeling ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
Wnt Signal Pathway ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Periodontal Tissue Remodeling

Corticotomy is an effective approach in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in clinical treatment. Corticotomy causes regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP) in the alveolar bone of surgical sites. However, the molecular mechanism of RAP after corticotomy remains unclear. Herein, we established a mouse model to study the biomechanical interfaces of corticotomy-assisted OTM and to investigate the histological responses and underlying cellular mechanism. A total of 144 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into four groups: corticotomy alone (Corti), sham operation (Sham), corticotomy with tooth movement (Corti + TM), and sham operation with tooth movement (Sham + TM). Nickel–titanium orthodontic springs were applied to trigger tooth movement. Mice were sacrificed on Post-Surgery Day (PSD) 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 for radiographic, histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular biological analyses. The results reveal that corticotomy significantly promoted alveolar bone turnover and periodontal tissue remodeling. During orthodontic tooth movement, corticotomy significantly promoted osteogenic and proliferative activity, accelerated tooth movement, and eliminated root resorption by upregulating Wnt signal pathway.

scholarly journals Localization of osteopontin and osterix in periodontal tissue during orthodontic tooth movement in rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Youn Kim ◽  
Byung-In Kim ◽  
Seong-Suk Jue ◽  
Jae Hyun Park ◽  
Je-Won Shin
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Proliferating Cell ◽  
Periodontal Tissue Remodeling

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the localization of osteopontin (OPN) and osterix in periodontal tissue during experimental tooth movement with heavy force in rats. Materials and Methods: Nickel-titanium closed-coil springs were used to create a 100 g mesial force to the maxillary first molars. On days 3, 7, 10, and 14 after force application, histological changes in periodontium were examined by immunohistochemistry using proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), OPN, and osterix. Results: PCNA-positive cells were found close to the alveolar bone and cementum on both sides. OPN-positive cells were observed along the cementing line of the cementum and bone on both sides and also were visible along with newly formed fibers in the periodontal ligament on the tension side. Osterix-positive cells were strongly detected on the surface of the alveolar bone and cementum on both sides. Conclusions: During tooth movement, periodontal remodeling occurs on both sides. These results indicate that OPN and osterix may play an important role of differentiation and osteoblasts and cementoblasts matrix formation during periodontal tissue remodeling.

scholarly journals Long Non-coding RNA FER1L4 Mediates the Autophagy of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Under Orthodontic Compressive Force via AKT/FOXO3 Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiping Huang ◽  
Hao Liu ◽  
Runzhi Guo ◽  
Yineng Han ◽  
Yuhui Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Tissue Remodeling ◽  
Mechanical Force ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells ◽  
Periodontal Tissue Remodeling

Orthodontic tooth movement is achieved by periodontal tissue remodeling triggered by mechanical force. It is essential to investigate the reaction of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) for improving orthodontic therapeutic approaches. Autophagy is an endogenous defense mechanism to prevent mechanical damage of environmental change. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators in gene regulation, but their roles are still largely uncharacterized in the reaction of PDLSCs during orthodontic tooth movement. In this study, we showed that autophagy was significantly induced in PDLSCs under compressive force, as revealed by the markers of autophagy, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) II/I and Beclin1, and the formation of autophagosomes. After the application of compressive force, lncRNA FER1L4 was strongly upregulated. Overexpression of FER1L4 increased the formation of autophagosome and autolysosomes in PDLSCs, while knockdown of FER1L4 reversed the autophagic activity induced by mechanical force. In mechanism, FER1L4 inhibited the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) and subsequently increased the nuclear translocation of forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) and thus mediated autophagic cascades under compressive strain. In mouse model, the expression of Lc3 as well as Fer1l4 was increased in the pressure side of periodontal ligament during tooth movement. These findings suggest a novel mechanism of autophagy regulation by lncRNA during periodontal tissue remodeling of orthodontic treatment.

scholarly journals Is Inflammation a Friend or Foe for Orthodontic Treatment?: Inflammation in Orthodontically Induced Inflammatory Root Resorption and Accelerating Tooth Movement

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2388
Author(s):  
Masaru Yamaguchi ◽  
Shinichi Fukasawa
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Orthodontic Forces ◽  
Necrosis Factor

The aim of this paper is to provide a review on the role of inflammation in orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) and accelerating orthodontic tooth movement (AOTM) in orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is stimulated by remodeling of the periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone. These remodeling activities and tooth displacement are involved in the occurrence of an inflammatory process in the periodontium, in response to orthodontic forces. Inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins (PGs), interleukins (Ils; IL-1, -6, -17), the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α superfamily, and receptor activator of nuclear factor (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) are increased in the PDL during OTM. OIIRR is one of the accidental symptoms, and inflammatory mediators have been detected in resorbed roots, PDL, and alveolar bone exposed to heavy orthodontic force. Therefore, these inflammatory mediators are involved with the occurrence of OIIRR during orthodontic tooth movement. On the contrary, regional accelerating phenomenon (RAP) occurs after fractures and surgery such as osteotomies or bone grafting, and bone healing is accelerated by increasing osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Recently, tooth movement after surgical procedures such as corticotomy, corticision, piezocision, and micro-osteoperforation might be accelerated by RAP, which increases the bone metabolism. Therefore, inflammation may be involved in accelerated OTM (AOTM). The knowledge of inflammation during orthodontic treatment could be used in preventing OIIRR and AOTM.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Stress induced in the Periodontal Ligament during Extrusion and Rotation Movements— Part II: A Comparison of Linear vs Nonlinear FEM Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 819-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
HP Raghuveer ◽  
M Hemanth ◽  
MS Rani ◽  
Chathura Hegde ◽  
B Vedavathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Nonlinear Material ◽  
Nonlinear Fem ◽  
3D Fem ◽  
Nonlinear Simulation ◽  
Force System

ABSTRACT Background Optimal orthodontic forces are those which stimulate tooth movement with minimal biological trauma to the tooth, periodontal ligament (PDL) during and alveolar bone. Among various types of tooth movements, extrusion and rotational movements are seen to be associated with the least amount of root resorption and have not been studied in detail. The mechanical behavior of the PDL is known to be nonlinear elastic and thus a nonlinear simulation of the PDL provides precision to the calculated stress values. Therefore in this study, the stress patterns in the PDL were evaluated with extrusion and rotational movements using the nonlinear finite element method (FEM). Materials and methods A three-dimensional (3D) FEM model of the maxillary incisors was generated using SOLIDWORKS modelling software. Stresses in the PDL were evaluated with extrusive and rotational movements by a 3D FEM using ANSYS software with nonlinear material properties. Results It was observed that with the application of extrusive load, the tensile stresses were seen at the apex whereas the compressive stress was distributed at the cervical margin. With the application of rotational movements, maximum compressi vstress was distributed at the apex and cervical third whereas the tensile stress was distributed on cervical third of the PDL on the lingual surface. Conclusion For rotational and extrusion movements, stress values over the periodontal ligament was within the range of optimal stress value as proposed by Lee, with a given force system by Proffit as optimum forces for orthodontic tooth movement using nonlinear properties. During rotation there are stresses concentrated at the apex, hence due to the concentration of the compressive forces at the apex a clinician must avoid placing heavy stresses during tooth movement. How to cite this article Hemanth M, Raghuveer HP, Rani MS, Hegde C, Kabbur KJ, Chaithra D, Vedavathi B. An Analysis of the Stress Induced in the Periodontal Ligament during Extrusion and Rotation Movements—Part II: A Comparison of vs Nonlinear FEM Linear Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015; 16(10):819-823.

scholarly journals In vivo microcomputed tomography evaluation of rat alveolar bone and root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Ru ◽  
Sean Shih-Yao Liu ◽  
Li Zhuang ◽  
Song Li ◽  
Yuxing Bai
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Trabecular Thickness

ABSTRACT Objective: To observe the real-time microarchitecture changes of the alveolar bone and root resorption during orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: A 10 g force was delivered to move the maxillary left first molars mesially in twenty 10-week-old rats for 14 days. The first molar and adjacent alveolar bone were scanned using in vivo microcomputed tomography at the following time points: days 0, 3, 7, and 14. Microarchitecture parameters, including bone volume fraction, structure model index, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, and trabecular separation of alveolar bone, were measured on the compression and tension side. The total root volume was measured, and the resorption crater volume at each time point was calculated. Univariate repeated measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni corrections were performed to compare the differences in each parameter between time points with significance level at P < .05. Results: From day 3 to day 7, bone volume fraction, structure model index, trabecular thickness, and trabecular separation decreased significantly on the compression side, but the same parameters increased significantly on the tension side from day 7 to day 14. Root resorption volume of the mesial root increased significantly on day 7 of orthodontic loading. Conclusions: Real-time root and bone resorption during orthodontic movement can be observed in 3 dimensions using in vivo micro-CT. Alveolar bone resorption and root resorption were observed mostly in the apical third on day 7 on the compression side; bone formation was observed on day 14 on the tension side during orthodontic tooth movement.

scholarly journals Cellular and Molecular Changes in Orthodontic Tooth Movement

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1788-1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin ◽  
Zulham Yamamoto ◽  
lntan Zarina Zainol Abidin ◽  
Rohaya Megat Abdul Wahab ◽  
Zaidah Zainal Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Compression Region ◽  
Tissue Changes

Tooth movement induced by orthodontic treatment can cause sequential reactions involving the periodontal tissue and alveolar bone, resulting in the release of numerous substances from the dental tissues and surrounding structures. To better understand the biological processes involved in orthodontic treatment, improve treatment, and reduce adverse side effects, several of these substances have been proposed as biomarkers. Potential biological markers can be collected from different tissue samples, and suitable sampling is important to accurately reflect biological processes. This paper covers the tissue changes that are involved during orthodontic tooth movement such as at compression region (involving osteoblasts), tension region (involving osteoclasts), dental root, and pulp tissues. Besides, the involvement of stem cells and their development towards osteoblasts and osteoclasts during orthodontic treatment have also been explained. Several possible biomarkers representing these biological changes during specific phenomenon, that is, bone remodelling (formation and resorption), inflammation, and root resorption have also been proposed. The knowledge of these biomarkers could be used in accelerating orthodontic treatment.

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