scholarly journals Effect of dietary dextrin levels on the growth and feed efficiency, the chemical composition of liver and dorsal muscle, and the absorption of dietary protein and dextrin in fishes.

1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki FURUICHI ◽  
Yasuo YONE
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dorsal Muscle

scholarly journals Effects of restricted feeding and re-alimentation of dietary protein or energy on compensatory growth of sheep

1970 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-396
Author(s):  
W. Addah ◽  
A. Ayantunde ◽  
E.K. Okine
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Nutrient Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Daily Gain

The study investigated the effects of re-alimenting dietary protein or energy on growth, carcass characteristics and meat eating quality parameters of sheep. Twenty-seven intact rams (~9 months; 11.3 ± 0.5 kg) were randomly divided into three groups. Each group was fed a maintenance diet (MT) containing, on dry matter (DM) basis, 105 g/kg crude protein (CP) and 8.4 MJ/kg DM metabolizable energy (ME) for 30 days. Thereafter, they were continually fed the same MT or re-alimented with a high protein diet (HP) containing 169 g/kg DM CP and 9.3 MJ/kg ME or a high energy diet (HE) containing 123 g/kg DM CP and 10.6 MJ/kg ME for an additional 30 days to determine the effects of re-alimentation of protein or energy on their growth performance and carcass characteristics. During the initial 30-day period, DM intake (DMI) and growth performance were similar among the three groups. However, upon re-alimentation, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency of sheep re-alimented with HP were greater than those maintained continually on MT or re-alimented with HE. Sheep on HP had higher feed efficiency, ADG and heavier carcasses than those fed MT or re-alimented with HE during the whole 60-day period. Growth of most viscera was less responsive to the restriction-re-alimentation feeding regimen except for the weights of the lungs, heart and intestines. Meat from sheep re-alimented with HE had a more intense ‘sheepy’ flavour than those fed MT or re-alimented with HP, but juiciness and tenderness were not affected. The higher ADG of sheep re-alimented with protein may be related more to enhanced efficiency of feed utilization than to higher DMI.Keywords: average daily gain, feed restriction, nutrient utilization efficiency, visceral organs

scholarly journals OPTIMUM PROTEIN AND ENERGY LEVELS FOR FINISHING BROILER CHICKENS IN A TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-253
Author(s):  
M. J. Olomu
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Groundnut Meal ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Three experiments were conducted to determine the optimum protein and energy levels for finishing broiler chickens in a tropical environment. Dietary protein levels (20, 23 and 26 percent) and energy levels (2800, 3000 and 3200 Kcal/kg diet) tested had no significant effects on performance of finishing chickens fed fishmeal-containing rations. Rations based on cereals and groundnut meal, without fishmeal, did not support maximum liveweight gain and feed efficiency at dietary protein levels below 26 percent. Dietary treatments had no significant effects on carcass dressing percentages. Based on the present results, a protein level of 20 percent(for fishmeal containing rations) and 23 or 26 percent (for rations based on groundnut meal without fishmeal) and energy levels of 2800 to 3000 Kcal/Kg diet are tentatively recommended for finishing broiler chickens raised in a tropical country like Nigeria.

scholarly journals Productive performance, body chemical composition, and deposition of 42-day-old quail for meat subjected to quantitative dietary restriction

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane De Oliveira Grieser ◽  
Simara Márcia Marcato ◽  
Mariana Fátima Zanon Ferreira ◽  
Taciana Maria de Oliveira-Bruxel ◽  
Vittor Zancanela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Ad Libitum

This study aimed to assess the effect of quantitative dietary restriction during refeeding on the performance, body chemical composition, and deposition, weight gain of organs and carcass parts of quails reared for meat (Coturnix coturnix coturnix). A total of 144 quails, between 11 to 42 days old, were distributed in a completely randomized design, 4x2 factorial scheme, at four levels of feed restriction (ad libitum, 30%, 50% and 70% restrictions on the daily intake ad libitum) for both genders. Therefore, there was eight treatments with three replicates and six birds each. At the tenth day of age, the animals were housed in cages, where remained for four days under adaptation. Dietary restriction was applied between the days 15 and 35 while refeeding was carried out from day 36 to 42. Compensatory weight gain (CWG), i.e. weight gain of organs and carcass parts, and feed efficiency (FE) were improved for quails under feed restriction. Fat (F), crude protein (CP), protein deposition rate (PDR) and fat in females (FDf) and carcass retained energy in females (CREf) increased linearly as restriction levels decreased. Maximum estimates of feed intake for males (MFIm), compensatory weight gain for males (CWGm) and females (CWGf), feed efficiency for males (FEm), protein deposition for males (PDm) and carcass retained energy in males (CREm) were obtained with restriction levels of 43.56%, 30.56%, 63.93%, 62.63%, 80.25%, 1.94% and 09.34% if compared to ad libitum, respectively. As a result, we concluded that according to quantitative feed restriction level, significant increases in feed efficiency and body weight gain, as well as decreases in carcass fat throughout quail refeeding period. As for gender, given the existing sexual dimorphism, females lost greater body weight than males under dietary restriction, besides showing higher protein and fat gains in the carcass and an enhanced feed efficiency during refeeding.

Dietary tyrosine supplementation enhances weight gain in streptozotocin-diabetic rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 781-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Theresa Glanville ◽  
G. Harvey Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Specific Increase ◽  
Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Protein Diets

The effect of dietary protein concentration and tyrosine supplementation on growth in streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, ip) diabetic rats was evaluated. When rats were fed diets ranging from 15 to 60% protein, weight gain and feed efficiency were greatest in rats fed the 45% protein diet. Adding tyrosine to this diet (8%, incorporated as a percentage of protein) did not promote further weight gain relative to nonsupplemented diabetic animals. In contrast, rats choosing 45% of total calories as protein by selecting from 10 and 60% protein diets supplemented with either 0, 4, or 8% tyrosine demonstrated a 35% (4% tyrosine) to 45% (8% tyrosine) increase in weight gain. Proximate analysis indicated similar body composition in tyrosine supplemented and nonsupplemented diabetic animals. Including tryptophan (1.45%) with tyrosine in the self-selection diet was without effect. Thus, tyrosine supplementation promoted a modest but consistent and specific increase in weight gained by self-selecting diabetic rats.

Sucrose-induced obesity: effect of diet on obesity and brown adipose tissue

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (1) ◽  
pp. R158-R166 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Kanarek ◽  
J. R. Aprille ◽  
E. Hirsch ◽  
L. Gualtiere ◽  
C. A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose

Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups and fed diets containing either 10, 20, or 40% protein for 56 days. Half of the rats in each dietary condition were given a 32% sucrose solution plus the standard diet and water. Sucrose intake varied directly as a function of dietary protein levels. Rats fed either the 10 or 20% protein diet and sucrose had higher caloric intakes, gained more weight, were more efficient at using calories for weight gain, and had more adipose tissue than rats given the same diet without sucrose. Rats fed the 40% protein diet and sucrose did not exhibit overeating, excess weight gain, or increased feed efficiency relative to animals fed the 40% diet alone. Animals given sucrose had more interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) and a greater metabolic potential for thermogenesis in IBAT as determined by GDP binding in mitochondria than rats not fed sucrose. These results demonstrate that dietary protein is important in the development of sucrose-induced obesity and that increases in IBAT mass and activity can occur concomitant with increased feed efficiency.

scholarly journals Optimum dietary protein requirement for Amazonian Tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818, fed fish meal free diets

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Augusto Oishi ◽  
Lawrence C Nwanna ◽  
Manoel Pereira Filho
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Ammonia Content ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Final Weight

Fish meal free diets were formulated to contain graded protein levels as 25% (diet 1), 30% (diet 2), 35% (diet 3) and 40% (diet 4). The diets were fed to tambaqui juveniles (Colossoma macropomum) (46.4 ± 6.3g) in randomly designed recirculating systems for 60 days, to determine the optimum protein requirement for the fish. The final weight of the fish, weight gain (28.1, 28.5, 32.2, 28.0g) and specific growth rate increased (P>0.05) consistently with increasing dietary protein up to treatment with 35% protein diet and then showed a declining trend. Feed intake followed the same trend resulting in best feed efficiency (62.5%) in fish fed diet with 35% protein. Similarly, the protein intake increased significantly with increasing dietary protein levels and reduced after the fish fed with 35% protein; while protein efficiency ratio (2.28, 1.99, 1.87, 1.74) decreased with increasing dietary protein levels. Carcass ash and protein had linear relationship with dietary protein levels while the lipid showed a decreasing trend. Ammonia content (0.68, 0.73, 0.81, 1.21 mg L-1) of the experimental waters also increased (P<0.05) with increasing protein levels while pH, dissolved oxygen and temperature remained fairly constant without any clear pattern of inclination. Broken-line estimation of the weight gain indicated 30% protein as the optimum requirement for the fish.

EFFECTS OF BIN-HEATING ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF RAPESEED FED TO MICE

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BELL ◽  
P. M. GIOVANNETTI ◽  
C. G. YOUNGS
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Protein Levels

Undamaged and bin-heated rapeseed (Brassica campestris) were either: ground; ground and dry-cooked for 30 min at 110 C; ground and autoclaved for 30 min at 1.2 kg/cm2, then dried at 100 C; ground, autoclaved, partially extracted with petroleum ether; or ground, autoclaved, extracted, steam-stripped, and dried. These meals were incorporated at 8, 12, 16, and 20% levels, seed basis, in approximately isocaloric, isonitrogenous mouse diets containing about 20% protein. Bin-heated rapeseed contained no glucosinolates, no myrosinase, and only a trace of hydroxynitriles, but had lost 65, 52, 28, 23, and 15% of its original tryptophan, lysine, histidine, arginine, and threonine, respectively. Mycotoxins were not detected. The odor of the meal derived from heated rapeseed was rated by a panel and found to be generally pleasant. Growth rates and feed utilization by mice fed bin-heated rapeseed were normal. Dietary protein levels were too high to allow the amino acid changes to be reflected in animal performance.

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