Delayed Homicides Due to Infant Head Injury Initially Reported as Natural (Cerebral Palsy) Deaths

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Gill ◽  
Raffaella A. Morotti ◽  
Vincent Tranchida ◽  
Jacquelyn Morhaime ◽  
Hernando Mena
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
Manner Of Death ◽  
Proximate Cause ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Initial Injury

A spectrum of neuropathology occurs in infants who sustain traumatic brain injury. Because of a prolonged survival interval, there is a risk that these deaths may not be recognized as a sequel of trauma. We reviewed the records in New York City of 5 delayed fatalities due to nonaccidental infant head injury that had survival intervals from 2.5 to 17 years. The head injuries occurred at 2 to 3 months of age, and death occurred at 2.5 to 17 years of age. Initially, they were reported as natural deaths by treating physicians, families, and/or police. All 5 infants had unexplained or poorly explained remote traumatic head injury that included subdural hematomas. At autopsy, the neuropathologic exam demonstrated remote subdural hemorrhages and lesions related to chronic hypoxic-ischemic injury including atrophy, arterial infarcts, border-zone infarcts, and cystic encephalomalacia. Each child survived the initial injury but later succumbed to the delayed effects of secondary hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. These 5 deaths highlight the need to investigate independently the medical history of any child (or adult) who dies with a clinical diagnosis of “cerebral palsy.” The term cerebral palsy often is used as a catchall for any patient who has had neurologic impairment since infancy or childhood. If there is a direct link between the initial injury and the death, even if the injury occurred many years before death, then the injury is the proximate cause of death and dictates the manner of death. All 5 deaths were certified as homicides.

scholarly journals Famous head injuries of the first aerial war: deaths of the “Knights of the Air”

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. E5
Author(s):  
Prateeka Koul ◽  
Christine Mau ◽  
Victor M. Sabourin ◽  
Chirag D. Gandhi ◽  
Charles J. Prestigiacomo
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
World War I ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
World War ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
The Public ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Traumatic Head ◽  
The Media

World War I advanced the development of aviation from the concept of flight to the use of aircraft on the battlefield. Fighter planes advanced technologically as the war progressed. Fighter pilot aces Francesco Baracca and Manfred von Richthofen (the Red Baron) were two of the most famous pilots of this time period. These courageous fighter aces skillfully maneuvered their SPAD and Albatros planes, respectively, while battling enemies and scoring aerial victories that contributed to the course of the war. The media thrilled the public with their depictions of the heroic feats of fighter pilots such as Baracca and the Red Baron. Despite their aerial prowess, both pilots would eventually be shot down in combat. Although the accounts of their deaths are debated, it is undeniable that both were victims of traumatic head injury.

The impact of posttraumatic seizures on 1-year neuropsychological and psychosocial outcome of head injury

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 494-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan M. Haltiner ◽  
Nancy R. Temkin ◽  
H. Richard Winn ◽  
Sureyya S. Dikmen
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Psychosocial Outcome ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Head Injury Severity ◽  
Posttraumatic Seizures

AbstractThis study examined the relationship of posttraumatic seizures and head injury severity to neuropsychological performance and psychosocial functioning in 210 adults who were prospectively followed and assessed 1 year after moderate to severe traumatic head injury. Eighteen percent (n = 38) of the patients experienced 1 or more late seizures (i.e., seizures occurring 8 or more days posttrauma) by the time of the 1-year followup. As expected, the head injured patients who experienced late posttraumatic seizures were those with the most severe head injuries, and they were significantly more impaired on the neuropsychological and psychosocial measures compared to those who remained seizure free. However, after the effects of head injury severity were controlled, there were no significant differences in neuropsychological and psychosocial outcome at 1 year as a function of having seizures. These findings suggest that worse outcomes in patients who develop posttraumatic seizures up to 1 year posttrauma largely reflect the effects of the brain injuries that cause seizures, rather than the effect of seizures. (JINS, 1996, 2, 494–504.)

Mode of occurrence of traumatic head injuries in male patients with cluster headache or migraine: Is there a connection with lifestyle?

Cephalalgia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1502-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Lambru ◽  
Paola Castellini ◽  
Gian Camillo Manzoni ◽  
Paola Torelli
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Cluster Headache ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Episodic Cluster Headache ◽  
Mode Of Occurrence ◽  
Traumatic Head ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Headache Patients

Introduction: Our study objective was to investigate the mode of occurrence of traumatic head injury in episodic cluster headache and migraine patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on 400 male patients, 200 with cluster headache (cases) and 200 with migraine (controls). We investigated the frequency and mode of occurrence of traumatic head injury and some lifestyle habits. Results: The number of traumatic head injuries was significantly higher in cases than in controls (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5–2.8). Cases were more often responsible for the head traumas (adjusted OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.3–4.9) and reported a significantly higher proportion of injuries during scuffles or brawls (OR = 6.5; 95% CI = 2.9–14.8). Compared with other cluster headache patients, cases responsible for traumatic head injuries were more frequently heavy alcohol ( p = .000), heavy tobacco ( p = .03) and heavy coffee consumers ( p = .003). Conclusions: Cluster headache patients (a) had traumatic head injuries more frequently than migraineurs; and (b) were more often responsible for them, perhaps due to particular behaviours related to their lifestyles.

scholarly journals The role of vagal insulin signaling and enteric hormones in acute stomach and duodenal erosions and ulcers associated with severe concomitant traumatic head injuries

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-488
Author(s):  
F I Alyev
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Vagal Stimulation ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
Abdominal Organs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Traumatic Head

Aim. Clinical and experimental study of vagal insulin signaling and enteric hormones in occurrence of acute stomach and duodenal erosions and ulcers complicated by bleeding and associated with severe concomitant traumatic head injuries. Methods. Data of 347 patients with severe concomitant traumatic head injuries for 2011-2012 were used for clinical part of the study. Serum levels of insulin, gastrin, C-peptide, histamine, growth hormone, α-amylase were determined. In the experimental part, the model of acute stomach and duodenal erosions and ulcers associated with traumatic head injury were modeled. The first group consisted of 5 intact rats, the second group included 45 rats with modeled isolated traumatic head injury, the third group included 45 rats with modeled traumatic head injury associated with traumatic lung and chest injury, the fourth group included 45 rats with modeled traumatic head injury associated with abdominal organs traumatic injury, the fifth group included 45 rats with modeled traumatic head injury associated with limb and pelvic fractures. Results. Acute stomach and duodenal erosions and ulcers were found in 21 (6.1%) of 347 patients at endoscopy, mainly in those with the highest parameters of vagal insulin signaling and enteric hormones. At the experiment, all types of combined traumatic head injury increased the incidence of erosions as compared to the second group, with the highest incidence in the group of associated abdominal injury. Vagal stimulation and stimulation of enteric hormones secretion in animals of groups 2-5 was associated with higher incidence of erosions. In contrast, decreased vagal stimulation and enteric hormones secretion leaded to statistically significant reduction of erosions incidence in animals of groups 2-5 as compared both to the natural history of the process (first subgroup), and to animals which were administered 5% dextrose (glucose) and 0.1% histamine solutions (second subgroup). Conclusion. The incidence of erosions and ulcers, as well as the indicators of vagal stimulation and enteric hormones secretion depend on the nature of the accompanying injury that may be taken into account in the prevention and treatment of such complications.

scholarly journals Full Outline of Unresponsiveness Score and Brainstem Sign Score Application to Predict Mortality of Patients with Severe Head Injuries at Gambiran Public Hospital of Kediri

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-431
Author(s):  
Christina Dewi Prasetyowati
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Severe Head Injury ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Injury Patient ◽  
Four Score

There are many factors and variables that influence the prognosis in patients with severe head injuries make determining the prognosis for patients with severe head injuries become difficult. There are two parameters that can predict the prognosis of severe head injury patients with optimal full outline of unresponsiveness score (FOUR score) and brainstem sign score (BSS). FOUR scores can provide a wealth of information about the scale of neurological signs that are quick and easy used for unconcious patients. BSS is an assessment to predict the death of a person permanently to determine whether there is a physiological function that is not function normally. The aimed of this study was to determine ratio of FOUR score and BSS in determining the prognosis of patients with severe head injury at RSUD Gambiran Kediri. The type of study was cross sectional approach. The sampling technique used consecutive sampling technique and obtained a sample of 60 people. The data was analyzed by using chi-square test for comparison of FOUR score and BSS in determining the prognosis of severe head injury patient at RSUD Gambiran Kediri. Based on the results of study by chi-square test showed that p FOUR score = p BSS = 0,004, which meant the FOUR score and BSS was determined the prognosis of patients with severe traumatic head injury at RSUD Gambiran Kediri. The study showed that there was no difference between the FOUR score and BSS in determining the prognosis of severe head injury patient at RSUD Gambiran Kediri but FOUR score could be used in incubated or ventilated patients. Based on the results of this study, it is advisable to use scoring method more easily and according to the condition of the patient is with the installed ventilator or non ventilator.

scholarly journals Intentional Head Injury: Survivor Victim's Profile, Gender Differences and Role of Alcohol Use at Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
Alok Atreya ◽  
T Kanchan ◽  
BG Karmacharya
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Radiological Finding ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
Traumatic Head

IntroductionHead is a vulnerable area in human body and also a favorable site for assaults which is easily accessible by assailant's raised arms. ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the socio demographic spectrum, severity, radiological findings and outcome of victims assaulted to the head. Furthermore, the study aims to correlate such findings to the role of alcohol use in Nepalese context. MethodologyThis longitudinal prospective study includes victims of traumatic head injury as a result of physical assault who were admitted in the Neurosurgery Unit of Manipal Teaching Hospital Pokhara, Nepal from 1st January to 31st December 2015. ResultsIntentional head injury accounted to 17.40% of all head injury cases admitted during the study period. Among them 48 (76.19%) were males and 15 (23.81%) were females. The minimum age of the patient was 15 years and maximum was 84 years with a mean age of 33.89±14.67 years. Most of the victims of physical assault belonged to the age group of 21 to 30 years. Blunt object was the most commonly used for assault. Loss of consciousness was associated only with 49.21% of cases and 14.29% cases had bleeding from ear and/or nose. More than 75% of the cases had significant radiological finding in the form of fracture and/or intracranial lesion. Majority of the victims during the study were treated conservatively and were discharged with advice. Alcohol use was involved in 36.51% cases of intentional head injuries.  ConclusionIntentional injuries under the influence of alcohol use are totally preventable public health concerns. It can be ascertained that reducing availability and improving the environment in which alcohol is sold and consumed can result in a dramatic reduction in violent crimes.Birat Journal of Health Sciences Vol.2/No.1/Issue 2/ Jan - April 2017, Page: 102-105

An Overview of Rehabilitation Considerations for Persons with Head Injuries

1989 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W. Ostwald
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
Rehabilitation Professionals ◽  
Visuospatial Deficits ◽  
Head Injured ◽  
Traumatic Head ◽  
Left And Right

Each year, 400,000 to 600,000 individuals suffer traumatic head injury. Of these, approximately 30,000 to 50,000 will encounter long-term disability. The prevalence of head injury and the myriad of problems associated with it, make it critical that rehabilitation professionals possess basic knowledge of the problems and deficits encountered by head injured clients. This article addresses those aspects of head injury which are felt to be pertinent to the rehabilitation of the head injured client. Common deficits, resulting behavior, and suggestions are discussed as they relate to left and right cerebral damage. Communication and visuospatial deficits are important considerations when serving a head injured client. The head injured client's fatigability, memory deficits, loss of competence, increased anxiety, and motivation are examined from the rehabilitative perspective. Successful rehabilitation of the head injured client, although possible, is complicated by numerous factors not always encountered with other disabling conditions.

scholarly journals Head Injury in Soccer: From Science to the Field; summary of the head injury summit held in April 2017 in New York City, New York

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (21) ◽  
pp. 1332-1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot Putukian ◽  
Ruben J Echemendia ◽  
George Chiampas ◽  
Jiri Dvorak ◽  
Bert Mandelbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
York City ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Major League Soccer ◽  
The Media

There has been an increased focus and awareness of head injury and sport-related concussion (SRC) across all sports from the medical and scientific communities, sports organisations, legislators, the media and the general population. Soccer, in particular, has been a focus of attention due to the popularity of the game, the frequency of SRC and the hypothesised effects of repetitive heading of the ball. Major League Soccer, US Soccer and the National Women’s Soccer League jointly hosted a conference entitled, ‘Head Injury in Soccer: From Science to the Field’, on 21–22 April 2017 in New York City, New York. The mission of this conference was to identify, discuss and disseminate evidence-based science related to the findings and conclusions of the fifth International Conference on Concussion in Sport held by the Concussion in Sport Group and apply them to the sport of soccer. In addition, we reviewed information regarding the epidemiology and mechanism of head injuries in soccer at all levels of play, data regarding the biomechanics and effects of repetitive head impacts and other soccer-specific considerations. We discussed how to release the information raised during the summit to key stakeholders including athletes, parents, coaches and healthcare providers. We identified future areas for research and collaboration to enhance the health and safety of soccer (football) players.

scholarly journals Outcome of traumatic head injury in unknown patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 633
Author(s):  
Ankit Ahuja ◽  
Siddhartha Verma ◽  
Aditya Narayan Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Traumatic Head ◽  
Gcs Score ◽  
Discharge From Hospital ◽  
Time Of Admission

Background: Traumatic brain injury is the most common cause of death in trauma victims accounting for about half of deaths at the accident site. Most commonly, traumatic brain injury occurs in the presence of additional injuries to other major organ systems, but it can also occur in isolation. Complications from closed head injuries are the single largest cause of morbidity and mortality in patients who reach the hospital alive. The objective of this study was to determine the outcome of traumatic head injury in patients admitted in the Department of Neurosurgery as unknown.Methods: All patients admitted as “unknown” to Neurosurgery department with traumatic head injury were studied retrospectively. Data was collected regarding demography, mode of injury, clinical presentation at the time of admission, management and outcome of these patients.Results: Data pertaining to 107 unknown patients were collected. Most patients were found to be males in 3rd decade of their lives with vehicular accidents as the common mode of injury. Patients presenting with Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score <8 at the time of admission had poor outcome and associated with higher mortality. Intra-cranial hemorrhage were predominantly found on CT scan. Only one-third of the patients were discharged after treatment while half of them suffered untimely death.Conclusions: Outcome of these neglected patients is poorer in comparison to patients who are accompanied by their relatives. Their management from pre-hospital to treatment and discharge from hospital is fraught with challenges. They need special care from trained nursing staff as well as help from social workers for recovery and rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Comparison between FOUR score and GCS in assessing patients with traumatic head injury: a tertiary centre study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharath S. Nair ◽  
Anilkumar Surendran ◽  
Rajmohan B. Prabhakar ◽  
Meer M. Chisthi
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Glasgow Coma Scale ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Coma Scale ◽  
Tertiary Centre ◽  
Traumatic Head

Background: Head injuries are a major cause of mortality and morbidity across the world. Effective initial assessment and early intervention is of importance in patients with traumatic brain injury, so as to ensure the maximum favorable outcome. Glasgow Coma Scale is the widely accepted scale to assess severity in head injury patients, albeit with many inadequacies. The objective of this study was to test the validity of full outline of unresponsiveness score, an alternate tool, in assessing severity in patients with traumatic brain injury.Methods: This was a descriptive study, conducted on 69 patients admitted to the general surgical and neuro-surgical wards of Government Medical College, Trivandrum, India with traumatic head injury. For all these patients, full outline of unresponsiveness score and Glasgow Coma Scale were calculated at the time of presentation and serially thereafter. The predictive value of full outline of unresponsiveness score as well as its correlation with Glasgow Coma Scale was studied.Results: A statistically significant correlation was found between full outline of unresponsiveness score and Glasgow Coma Scale in estimating the severity of head injury. Also Full Outline of unresponsiveness score was able to furnish better details about the neurological status of trauma patients.Conclusions: As per the results, it can be concluded that the full outline of unresponsiveness score can be applied as an ideal tool to evaluate consciousness levels and patients’ status in patients with traumatic head injury. It can be used as the ideal replacement for Glasgow Coma Scale.

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