THE DRAMATIC BASIS OF KYAZIM MECHIEV’S POEMS.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.М. Саракуева
Keyword(s):  
Social Conflict ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Controversial Subject ◽  
Love Story ◽  
Full Compliance ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Form ◽  
First Time

Поэт, певец, религиозный деятель Кязим Мечиев стал не только одним из первых профессиональных авторов балкарской литературы, но, как доказывается в данной статье, еще и родоначальником драматического жанра. Впервые в балкарской филологии известные произведения К.Мечиева Раненый тур , Бузжигит , Тахир и Зухра рассматриваются как драматические поэмы, с полным их соответствием требованиям теории драмы. Поэт, знавший восточную поэзию, взяв за основу своих произведений классический любовный сюжет ( Тахир и Зухра , Бузжигит ), адаптировал их для балкарского читателя. Драматическая поэма, являясь новообразованием и не имея до сих пор установившихся канонов, остается в науке спорным предметом. В статье предпринята попытка доказать принадлежность упомянутых произведений Мечиева к данному жанру исходя из их конструкции, поэтики, используемых автором художественных приемов. Их анализ с точки зрения литературоведения и театроведения приводит к выводу, что стройная композиция, развитие действия, яркие герои, диалоги между ними, монологи, острая интрига, социальный конфликт, составляющий основной стержень поэм, позволяет с полным правом говорить о Мечиеве как об основоположнике балкарской драматургии. Современные авторы, вдохновленные драматическими поэмами Мечиева и его героями, создали свои оригинальные пьесы, которые стали достижением балкарской литературы. Воплощение на сцене образа самого Кязима стало вехой в истории балкарского театра. A poet, singer, and religious figure Kyazim Mechiev became not only one of the first professional authors of the Balkar literature, but as this article proves, also the ancestor of the dramatic genre. For the first time in our Philology, an attempt is made to consider the famous works by K.Mechiev Wounded tur, Buzzhigit, Tahir and Zukhra as dramatic poems, with their full compliance with the requirements of the theory of drama. The poet due to his thorough knowledge of the Oriental literature, based his works on the classic love story (Tahir and Zukhra, Buzzhigit), adapting them for the Balkar listener. Dramatic poem, being a new form, until now not having established canons, remains a controversial subject in science. In our article we have made an attempt to prove that the studied works of Mechiev belong to this genre, based on their design, poetics, artistic techniques used by the author. After analyzing the three above-mentioned poems from the point of view of literary and theatrical studies, we came to the conclusion that their harmonious composition, the development of action, bright characters, dialogues between them, monologues, acute intrigue, social conflict, which is the main core of the poems, allows us to speak about K.Mechiev as the founder of the Balkar drama. Modern authors, inspired by the dramatic poems of the poet and his heroes, created their original plays, which became an achievement of the Balkar literature. The very image of Kyazim on stage was a milestone in the history of the Balkar Theater.

Thanato-Laboratorien. Theorien von Tod und Sterben und Elias Canettis Buch gegen den Tod

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-86
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Heyne
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Death And Dying ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Elias Canetti ◽  
History Of ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
First Time ◽  
Textual Form ◽  
Or History

AbstractAlthough visual culture of the 21th century increasingly focuses on representation of death and dying, contemporary discourses still lack a language of death adequate to the event shown by pictures and visual images from an outside point of view. Following this observation, this article suggests a re-reading of 20th century author Elias Canetti. His lifelong notes have been edited and published posthumously for the first time in 2014. Thanks to this edition Canetti's short texts and aphorisms can be focused as a textual laboratory in which he tries to model a language of death on experimental practices of natural sciences. The miniature series of experiments address the problem of death, not representable in discourses of cultural studies, system theory or history of knowledge, and in doing so, Canetti creates liminal texts at the margins of western concepts of (human) life, science and established textual form.

Memoirs: On a New Genus of Synascidians from Japan

1892 ◽  
Vol s2-33 (130) ◽  
pp. 313-324
Author(s):  
ASAJIRO OKA ◽  
ARTHUR WILLEY
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
New Form ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bladder Cells ◽  
First Time

Sarcodidemnoides misakiense, Oka and Willey. Generic Characters.--Colony (or cormus) forming very thick lobose masses, laterally compressed; sessile, but not encrusting. Excurrent orifices placed on the tips of the knoll-like prominences. Ascidiozooids very numerous, not arranged in systems; branchial sac with four rows of stigmata; canal system complicated, differentiated into peripheral and central portions. Specific Characters.--Atrial apertures of Ascidiozooids simple pores without teeth or languet; spicules fairly abundant, extremely delicate, confined to a thin layer near surface of test. Test gelatinous, containing numerous bladder-cells, crystals, fusiform cells, and pigment concretions. Stomach of Ascidiozooids vertically placed; surface of attachment of colony narrower than the free portion. Colour, brilliant red. Habitat.--Moroiso, Japan, between the tide-marks. N.B.--Since the above was written I have seen for the first time the exhaustive work of Fernand Lahille, entitled ‘Recherches sur les Tuniciers des côtes de France,' Toulouse, 1890. Lahille devotes considerable attention to what have been spoken of above as tentacle-like processes of the larva, figures them in many larvæ, and gives an excellent figure of the metamorphosing larva of Styela glomerata. He gives an opinion as to their significance which I cannot entirely endorse in the light of my own researches on the "Postembryonic development of Styela," commenced last August at Plymouth. However, I hope to return to this question on a future occasion. Lahille raises an objection to von Drasche's genus Didemnoides on the ground that the thickness of the cormus is not an anatomical character, and that the distinction between thick and thin colonies is a purely subjective one. There is no doubt some truth in this; but the difference between a compound Ascidian which possesses, say, a very few spicules, and one which possesses none at all, would appear to be no more fundamental than that between a colony whose mode of growth resulted in the production of a fleshy mass and one which grew in the form of a thin leathery crust. As stated above, von Drasche intends by Didemnoides a fleshy form of Leptoclinum, the test containing spicules, and the Ascidiozooids having four rows of stigmata in the branchial sac. Lahille, on the contrary,applies the name Didemnoides to those Didemnidse which are characterised by the absence of spicules, and the possession of three rows of stigmata in the branchial sac. The compound Ascidian which we have described above has spicules in the test, and four rows of stigmata in the branchial sac. But as it would be too absurd to call the new form "Sarcoleptoclinum," we shall persist in regarding the genus Didemnoides from the point of view of von Drasche.--A. W.

scholarly journals The system of points of view in Vasily Shukshin's short stories

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Guz ◽  
Yulia G. Babicheva
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Scientific Understanding ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frequent Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the work is to explore the point of view in Vasily Shukshin's short stories in its systematic and diverse manifestation. Topicality is provided by the exceptional significance of this category in narratology. The study of the point of view based on the material of short stories by Vasily Shukshin has been conducted for the first time. The article briefly traces the history of scientific understanding of the category of point of view in foreign and Russian philology and notes the variety of approaches and definitions in the formulation of the concept. The authors use the classification of Boris Uspenskij for analysis and consider the point of view in Vasily Shukshin's short stories in psychological, ideological (evaluative), spatial-temporal and phraseological terms. The positions of Boris Korman, Yuri Lotman, Wolf Schmid and Franz Karl Stanzel also take into account. The authors note the features of Vasily Shukshin's narration that affect the expression of the point of view in the text. Vasily Shukshin's short stories are characterised by a dynamic and frequent change of points of view, which indicates the technique of “montageˮ and similarities in this regard with cinematic techniques. The conclusions generalise the variety of ways and forms of expression of the point of view in the studied artistic material. The point of view in the considered stories is characterised by variability in the correlation of subjects of speech and subjects of consciousness, alternation of external and internal points of view, mutual transitions from one to the other, text interference and other hybrid phenomena.

scholarly journals Comparison of Defined Course Doses (DCDvet) for Blanket and Selective Antimicrobial Dry Cow Therapy on Conventional and Organic Farms

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clair Firth ◽  
Annemarie Käsbohrer ◽  
Christa Egger-Danner ◽  
Klemens Fuchs ◽  
Beate Pinior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Controversial Subject ◽  
Dry Cow Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

Antimicrobial use in livestock production is a controversial subject. While antimicrobials should be used as little as possible, it is still necessary, from both an animal health and welfare point of view, to treat infected animals. The study presented here aimed to analyse antimicrobial use on Austrian dairy farms by calculating the number of Defined Course Doses (DCDvet) administered per cow and year for dry cow therapy. Antimicrobial use was analysed by production system and whether farmers stated that they used blanket dry cow therapy (i.e., all cows in the herd were treated) or selective dry cow therapy (i.e., only cows with a positive bacteriological culture or current/recent history of udder disease were treated). A statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was determined between antimicrobial use for blanket (median DCDvet/cow/year: 0.88) and selective dry cow therapy (median DCDvet/cow/year: 0.41). The difference between antimicrobial use on conventional and organic farms for dry cow therapy as a whole, however, was not statistically significant (p = 0.22) (median DCDvet/cow/year: 0.68 for conventional; 0.53 for organic farms). This analysis demonstrates that selective dry cow therapy leads to a lower overall use of antimicrobials and can assist in a more prudent use of antimicrobials on dairy farms.

Addressing ecology and sustainability in mega-sporting events: The 2006 football World Cup in Germany

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Dolles ◽  
Sten Söderman
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
History Of ◽  
Waste Energy ◽  
First Time ◽  
Water Waste

AbstractFor the first time in the history of FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association), the football (soccer) World Cup held in Germany 2006 specifically addressed environmental concerns. By doing so, the German Organizing Committee did not have the objective of creating a short-term vision, but rather of making a long-term and lasting contribution to the improvement of environmental protection in hosting a mega-sporting event. By taking the football world cup in Germany as a case study, we will provide insights into the so-called ‘Green Goal’ programme and its four main areas: water, waste, energy, and transportation. From a global point of view, climate protection was added by the Organizing Committee as the fifth area of action and was recognised as a cross-sectorial task. Finally, questions are addressed on how to apply those measurements in the planning and organisation of other mega (-sporting) events.

scholarly journals INSTITUTE OF EMISSARIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Koigeldiev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Management System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Administrative Management ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

The 20-30 years of the XX-th century in the history of Kazakhstan are characterized by the formation of such a form of governance of the republic from the center as the institute of emissaries. This form of management remained unchanged until the end of the Soviet period. The system of administrative management has acquired a new character, consolidating the former imperial positions based on the search for sources of raw materials and sales markets. The history of the formation and activity of the Institute of emissaries as a management system in Kazakhstan was not considered as an object of historical analysis. For the first time in the Kazakh historiography in the context of the 20-30s, the author analyzes the origins of the formation of this institute of management. The article highlights the beginning of a new stage in the Kazakh history, which implies a generalization of the activities of the power system and its nature from the point of view of modern realities.

scholarly journals Z dziejów tematyki górskiej w literaturze czeskiej. František Palacký i Milota Zdirad Polák

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 121-147
Author(s):  
Jacek Kolbuszewski
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
High Mountains ◽  
Unique Type ◽  
National Symbols ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Alps ◽  
The Bohemian Forest ◽  
First Time ◽  
Theoretical Analyses ◽  
Founding Myth

On the history of mountain-related topics in Czech literature: František Palacký and Milota Zdirad PolákThe literature of the Czech national revival produced a unique type of cestopis travel account, which, from a Polish point of view, could be regarded as an equivalent of accounts of Polish Romantic travels of fellow countrymen across their country. In the Czech literature we can distinguish a clear thematic group associated with the Karkonosze mountains. It includes M.S. Patrčky’s O Krkonošských horách 1823, Josef Myslimír Ludvík’s Myslimír, po horách krkonošských putující 1824, Karel Slavoj Amerling’s Cesta na Sněžku 1832, Karel Hynek Mácha’s Pouť Krkonošská 1833–34, František Tomsa Přátelské dopisy z cesty na Sněžku 1845, Josef Frič’s Cesta přes Friedland na Krkonoše 1846, and Karel Hanuš’s Cesta na Sněžku 1847. These works testify to an expansion of themes tackled by literature during the so-called national revival. Characteristic forms of the period conformed to the Classical, pre-Romantic and Romantic conventions. One of the most interesting themes tackled by literature in those days were the mountains. In line with the spirit of national revival, the Czech cult of the domestic was expressed in the linking of the homeland and its landscape with important aspects of Czech national identity. This convention of referring, as means of self-identification, to spatial symbolism and its vocabulary was visible in the Czech and Slovak culture in several aspects. The vocabulary of Czech national symbols now included the Karkonosze mountains, Šumava or the Bohemian Forest, the Tatras and the Blanik hill. František Palacký referred to landscape-linked symbolism in his ode Na horu Radhošť, added to his youthful work, written together with Pavel Josef Šafařík, Počátkové českého básnictví obzvláště prosodie 1818. The poem formally served as an example illustrating theoretical analyses of poetry included in the study in question. Using the fact that Radhošť was a mountain in Moravia, Palacký included the mountain as a motif in a rather unique founding myth associated with the local Moravian patriotism. Thus mountains became a representative motif of the literature of the Czech national revival. When it comes to Czech poetry, mountain motifs were  introduced into it on a broader scale for the first time by Milota Zdirad Polák Matěj Polák, 1788–1856 in his descriptive poem  Vznešenost přírody 1819. Polák’s novelty lay in his introduction into Czech literature of a new genre, descriptive poem, as well as linguistic experiments neologisms thanks to which he developed his own poetic language. Using the category of the sublime as a tool to interpret the natural phenomena he described, Polák sought to demonstrate the richness of the forms of the world, their complexity and diversity. That is why the catalogue of motifs he used is vast. It accorded an appropriate place to the mountains with a brave attempt to concretise their motif: fragments of the poem deal with the Alps, a description of the Karkonosze mountains is highlighted and there is also a motif of volcanic eruption. Undoubtedly the most interesting and artistically the most valuable is an extensive fragment of the poem devoted to the Karkonosze mountains. The fear of the horror of high mountains, the Alps, described in the poem, found its equivalent in the writings of Jan Kollár 1793–1852, who presented his emotions associated with his stay in the Alps in an account of an 1841 journey to Italy Cestopis obsahující cestu do Horní Italie a odtud přes Tyrolsko a Bavorsko, se zvláštním ohledem na slavjanské živly roku 1841 konanou, Budin 1843. Both writers, Polák and Kollár, were hugely impressed by  the mountains, but this did not lead to any Romantic reflection on their part.

scholarly journals The Wolter Family: Ways and Contexts of Emigration to Lithuania

Lituanistica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelijus Gieda
Keyword(s):  
Academic Career ◽  
Academic Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Material ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
First Time

It has been emphasised on several occasions that Professor Eduard Wolter was a prominent figure and a broad-profile humanitarian in the history of Lithuanian humanities, who for many decades was actively interested in Lithuanian studies, among other things. The revolutionary changes in Russia divided Wolter’s academic career into two unequal parts: nearly forty years of academic work in Tsarist Russia and thirteen years in Kaunas. Bearing in mind the status of academic Lithuanian studies at the beginning of the twentieth century, his was an unprecedented case in Lithuania until 1940. We can claim that before 1940, no other Lithuanian humanitarian had such a long academic career of several decades devoted to Lithuanian studies. However, we still do not have an academic biography of Wolter, and Stasė Bušmienė’s work Eduardas Volteris, published almost 50 years ago, remains the most comprehensive publication in the field. Because of these circumstances, we must search for new problematic aspects, updated interpretations, and new material-based approaches. The article analyses the context of the revolutionary changes in Russia, the role of Augustinas Voldemaras in the history of the Wolters’ emigration, and Prof. Wolter’s recurrent concern about the academic possessions he had left in St. Petersburg when he was already in Lithuania. This article seeks new solutions: the emigration of the Wolter family to Lithuania is viewed as a potentially crucial knot in the professor’s biography. It allows understanding and linking two seemingly very different stages in his biography (Tsarist Russia and independent Lithuania). Lithuanian research interests and the related circle of like-minded people that had evolved in the course of many decades form a consistent deep-rooted epicentre of Prof. Wolter’s biography. The research method chosen imparts inner integrity to the biography of Prof. Wolter and an opportunity to look into the path of this scholar, who was also a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, in the long term perspective. This text develops and substantiates the thesis that scholars’ emigration from Bolshevik Russia took place under dire circumstances: they had to leave not only their homes but also their libraries behind, their manuscripts and much of the material accumulated over many decades of academic work. Also, from the point of view of a collective biography, the context of the loss of the old University of St. Petersburg after the Bolshevik takeover in Russia is shown. While in Lithuania, Prof. Wolter made great efforts to recover the manuscripts, the library, and the collections he had left behind in St. Petersburg. This moment justifies the emigration of the Wolter family to Lithuania as a relevant key to the whole biography of Prof. Wolter. For the first time in historiography, the article gives a detailed analysis of Augustinas Voldemaras’ 53 letters to Alexandra Wolter (translated and published by Gediminas Rudis). The letters offer an interesting and characteristic description of the actual circumstances of the emigration of the Wolter family to Lithuania. This correspondence reveals a special connection between Voldemaras and the Wolter family. Voldemaras, who had lived in the Wolters’ house in St. Petersburg for over a decade, became a true family member, and their communication in the process of the emigration of the Wolter family was best described as close familial relations. In this way, the article sheds light on the role of Prof. Voldemaras in the relocation of the Wolter family to Lithuania, which did not find reflection either in Wolter’s biography or in general historiography.

Constituting Freedom

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Raimondi
Keyword(s):  
Free State ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
First Republic ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Form ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Mode A

This work begins with a question posed by Machiavelli: ‘In what mode a free state, if there is one, can be maintained in corrupt cities; or, if there is not, in what mode to order it.’ The book analyses the different solutions proposed by Machiavelli starting with the hypothesis of the ‘civil principality’, passing through both the definition of the republican ‘civil and free way of life’ and the examination of the history of the Florentine institutions, to two short writings from the years 1520–22. In the Discursus florentinarum rerum and the Minuta di provisione per la riforma dello Stato di Firenze, Machiavelli exposed publicly for the first time, his proposals to bring back republican freedom to Florence after the fall of the first republic and the Medici’s return. The main thesis put forward in this work is that Machiavelli, when he worked for the Medici, was always a committed republican, even if he believed that the city’s constitution needed to change after the fall of Soderini. In the Discursus and in the Minuta Machiavelli proposed a constitution in which the ‘humours’ were forced to mix together in order to generate a new form of ‘equality’ that according to Machiavelli is the main characteristic of a free, just, and stable republic. The aim was not to obtain equilibrium among the parts of the city leaving them unaltered, but to mix them.

Addressing ecology and sustainability in mega-sporting events: The 2006 football World Cup in Germany

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Dolles ◽  
Sten Söderman
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
History Of ◽  
Waste Energy ◽  
First Time ◽  
Water Waste

AbstractFor the first time in the history of FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association), the football (soccer) World Cup held in Germany 2006 specifically addressed environmental concerns. By doing so, the German Organizing Committee did not have the objective of creating a short-term vision, but rather of making a long-term and lasting contribution to the improvement of environmental protection in hosting a mega-sporting event. By taking the football world cup in Germany as a case study, we will provide insights into the so-called ‘Green Goal’ programme and its four main areas: water, waste, energy, and transportation. From a global point of view, climate protection was added by the Organizing Committee as the fifth area of action and was recognised as a cross-sectorial task. Finally, questions are addressed on how to apply those measurements in the planning and organisation of other mega (-sporting) events.

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