scholarly journals INDUKSI 2-METHOXYETHANOL PADA MASA PRENATAL SEBAGAI PENYEBAB KELAINAN OTAK PADA MENCIT

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Win Darmanto ◽  
Eko Prihiyantoro ◽  
Ria Harmonis
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Brain Weight ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Cerebral Malformation ◽  
Pregnant Mice

2-Methoxyethanol (2-ME) and glycol esters are widely used as a solvents in the industry and plasticizers, and have becomes ubiquitous environmental pollutants. This study were designed to evaluate the malformation of brain development as an impact of 2-ME. Four groups of pregnant mice were injected to 2-ME dose 10 mmol/kg body weight at 7, 13, 15, and 17 days gestation respectively. Control group were injected with sterile water. At 18 days of gestation samples in groups 7 and 13 days gestation were sacrificed. Brain were remove and weight, morfologically and histologically were examined. Samples were divided into five groups, i.e. control group, 7th, 13rd, 15th and 17th days of gestation groups. Samples in 7th and 15th days of gestation groups killed in 18th days of gestation to observed fetal brain defect and decreased of fetal brain weight but some samples to allow delivery of fetuses. Furthermore, the fetuses killed on 0, 5, 10, and 20 days after birth, to take their brain. The result of these study showed that there are decreasing total weight of fetal brains and there are cerebral malformation as impact of 2-ME exposure.

scholarly journals A study of the teratogenic effect of Ciprofloxacin

1970 ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
Selim Mohammed Jahangir ◽  
AFM Saiful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Teratogenic Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Modern Drug ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Proven Benefit ◽  
In Pregnancy

Drugs or medicinal agent should only be used in pregnancy if there is proven benefit to the mother and no potential teratogenic risks. Present study was performed to evaluate the teratogenic effect of modern drug, Ciprofloxacin a Fluoroquinolone derivative, which has been introduced in Bangladesh. This was felt necessary because this has been found to be used indiscriminately at all levels of the prescribers and there is no strong evidence to its safety in pregnancy The work described here is to evaluate the teratogenic effect of Ciprofloxacin using swiss albino mice. The pregnant mice were divided into two different groups which received Normal Saline and Ciprofloxacin [25 mg/kg body weight.] given from 6th to 15th day of gestation. Neither the control group nor the experimental group revealed any sign of external deformity and cleft palate. DOI: 10.3329/bjpp.v22i1.3562 Bangladesh J Physiol Pharmacol 2006; 22(1/2) : 9-11

scholarly journals Congenital skeletal malformations induced by lambda-cyhalothrin, dibenzalacetone and heptanone derivatives in embryos of albino mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1.3) ◽  
pp. 7912-7927
Author(s):  
El Sayed Aly Mohammed Metwally ◽  
◽  
Mohammed Abdel Fattah Desheesh ◽  
Doaa Mohammed Abd El-kawy Elmasry ◽  
Mahmoud Morshedy Farg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Orogastric Tube ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Skeletal Malformations ◽  
Group I ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
Albino Mice

Background: Insecticides such as lambda-cyhalothrin(LCT), dibenzalacetone (DBA) and heptanone HD are teratogenic substances. Skeleton is one of the organs sensitive to teratogens during the period of organogenesis. Material and methods:This study was conducted on fifty adult female albino mice, divided randomly into four groups: Group I (control group, n= 5 received corn oil orally in adose of 10 mg /kg body weight), group II (LCT group, n=10 received LCT (nano 8%)10, 20 mg /kg body weight for each subgroup), group III (DBA group, n=20, received DBA (main) 10, 20 mg /kg body weight and DBA (nano 8%)) 10,20mg /kg body weight for each subgroup) and group IV (HD group, n=15, received HD (main) 10 mg /kg body weight and HD (nano 8%)) 10,50mg /kg body weight for each subgroup),The calculated treatment dissolved in 1 ml of corn oil by orogastric tube was given to the pregnant mice during the first week of pregnancy (1st, 3rd and 5th day).The delivered live and dead pups were examined externally, then double stained and prepared for skeletal examination by dissecting microscope. Results: All experimental groups showed various anomalies that can be categorized as the following: 1) presence of dead pups and resorption sites 2) macroscopic anomalies in the form of anencephaly, extended forelimb, cranioshisis, macroglossia, lowset ears, lage eye bulge, half body, amelia, internal rotation of forelimb and encephalocele. 3) skeletal anomalies by double staining of fetal skeleton showed incomplete ossification of nasal and interparietal bones, open arch of atlas, incomplete ossification of vertebrae, supernumerary ribs, wavy ribs, incomplete ossification of ribs and sternebrae, incomplete ossification of sternum, incomplete ossification of 5th metacarpal and terminal phalangal bones and incomplete ossification of tarsal , and phalangal bones. Conclusion: Lambda-cyhalothrin, dibenzalacetone and derivatives of heptanone result in numbers of congenital gross and skeletal abnormalities that indicate their teratogenic effect. KEY WORDS: Lambada, Congenital, Skeletal, Dibenzalacetone, Heptanone, Teratogenic.

PENGARUH LINAMARIN TERHADAP PENAMPILAN REPRODUKSI INDUK MENCIT (Mus musculus L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Fitra Wahyuni ◽  
Sony Heru Sumarsono
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Fetal Death ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
And Control ◽  
Average Weight Gain

<p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p><p><em>This study was performed to observe the effect of linamarin on reproductive performance, that consist of the number of live fetuses, reabsorption embryo or fetal, fetal death and fetal body weight together with length. Pregnant mice were divided into one control group with administration of distilled water (0 mg/kgb.w/days) and six treatment groups linamarin dose is 0.36; 0.72; 1.26 mg; 2; 4; and 8 mg/kgb.w./days. Linamarin dosing and control begins at 5<sup>th</sup> to 16<sup>th</sup> gestation days, at 17-days of gestation caesarean section were performed to pregnant mice to remove foetuses. Statistical analysis used was a variation analysis by ANOVA followed by comparisons between treatments HSD test (Tukey). Giving linamarin observed in the parent mice led to a decrease in average weight gain of the mother during pregnancy compared with controls. In linamarin dose 8 mg/kgb.w/day an increase in embryo reabsorption and fetal death, as well as the observed decrease in fetal body weight and length, but after statistical analysis of the decrease was not significantly different. Linamarin with the doses given in this study is not expected to interfere with pregnancy based on reproductive performance were observed.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> Linamarin, reproductive performance, fetal weight, fetal body length</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRAK</em></strong></p><p><em>Penelitian ini dilaksanakan bertujuan untuk mengamati pengaruh linamarin pada penampilan reproduksi yang meliputi jumlah fetus hidup, embrio resorpsi, fetus mati dan berat beserta panjang badan fetus. Induk mencit yang bunting dikelompokkan ke dalam satu kelompok kontrol dengan pemberian akuades (0 mg/kgb.b./hari) dan enam kelompok perlakuan dosis linamarin yaitu 0,36; 0,72; 1,26 mg; 2; 4; dan 8 mg/kgb.b./hari. Pemberian dosis linamarin dan kontrol dimulai pada umur kebuntingan 5 sampai 16 hari, setelah itu pada umur kebuntingan 17 hari mencit dikorbankan nyawanya untuk pengambilan fetus. Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah analisis variasi dengan ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji perbandingan antar perlakuan HSD (Tukey). Pemberian linamarin pada induk mencit diamati menyebabkan penurunan rata-rata pertambahan berat badan induk selama kebuntingan dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Pada dosis linamarin 8 mg/kgb.b./hari terjadi peningkatan embrio resorpsi dan fetus yang mati, serta diamati penurunan berat dan panjang badan fetus, namun setelah dilakukan analisis statistik penurunan tersebut tidak berbeda nyata. Linamarin dengan dosis yang diberikan pada penelitian ini diduga tidak mengganggu kebuntingan berdasarkan penampilan reproduksi yang diamati.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Kata kunci:</em></strong><em> Linamarin, penampilan reproduksi, berat badan fetus, panjang badan fetus</em></p>

scholarly journals Effect of High Potency Growth Implants on Average Daily Gain of Grass-Fattened Steers

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Arias ◽  
Cristobal Santa-Cruz ◽  
Alejandro Velásquez
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
High Potency ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
Daily Gain

High potency growth promoter implants (HGPs) are widely used under feedlot conditions but there are few reports under grazing conditions. The study’s goal was to assess the effect of HGPs on the average daily gain of steers fattened in pastures. A total of 57 crossbreed steers (Hereford × Angus)—initial body weight = 356.65 kg ± 5.04 (SEM)—were randomly allocated to one of three groups: Control without HGP (n = 19), Synovex group (n = 17), and Revalor group (n = 21). The fattening period was 67 days using paddocks of Lolium perenne L. and Trifolium repens L. Body weight was recorded three times in the period. The data were analyzed using an analysis of covariance with a level of significance of 5%. The average daily gain (ADG) (1.55 ± 0.07 and 1.48 ± 0.09 kg/d) and the total weight gain (103.4 ± 4.9 and 99.2 ± 5.8 kg) were similar for Revalor and Synovex, respectively (p > 0.05). Moreover, HGP groups showed higher ADG and total weight gain (p < 0.01) than the control group (ADG = 0.93 ± 0.08 kg/d and a total weight gain of 62.2 ± 5.2 kg). Final body weights were 527.8 ± 8.5 kg and 512.2 ± 9.9 kg for Revalor and Synovex, respectively; and 479.9 ± 10.1 kg for Control. In conclusion, grazing-finished steers showed better performance when high potency HGPs were used, improving the ADG and final live body weight, generating a marginal income that justifies the use of the technology under grazing conditions

scholarly journals Effect of Ochratoxin-A on Mouse Embryos

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Group A ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
The Mean

This study sought to determine malformation caused by Ochratoxin-A (OTA) on mouse embryos. Twenty adult female white Swiss mice (mus msculus) were divided into four groups, with five females per group, and with one male placed with two females in a cage. Avaginal plug was observed in the early morning and the day of mating was considered as day of pregnancy followed by the first day of pregnancy. Three sub lethal concentrations of OTA were applied to the respective groups (other than the control), 1mg/kg, 2mg/kg and 4mg/kg. The animals were given 0.1 ml per 10 gm body weight per concentration of OTA once a day during days 7-14 of pregnancy. The control group animals were given distilled water. The pregnant mice were dissected, and the embryos were extracted in order to identify the effects of the OTA. Number of parameters were studied including, difference in body weight of the mice before mating and after the end of the experiment, the weights and lengths of embryo, as well as a study of embryo malformation. The study shows no significant differences in the mean body weight of the pregnant mice in the 1 mg/kg group, compared to control group. A significant (P

Effects of chronic reduction in uterine blood flow on fetal and placental growth in the sheep

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (1) ◽  
pp. R53-R59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Lang ◽  
R. Scott Baker ◽  
Jane Khoury ◽  
Kenneth E. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Brain Weight ◽  
Uterine Blood Flow ◽  
Vascular Insufficiency ◽  
Uteroplacental Blood Flow ◽  
Experimental Preparation

Pregnancy is associated with a significant increase in uteroplacental blood flow (UBF), which is responsible for delivering adequate nutrients and oxygen for fetal and placental growth. The present study was designed to determine the effects of vascular insufficiency on fetal and placental growth. Thirty-nine late-term pregnant ewes were instrumented to investigate the effects of chronic UBF reduction. Animals were split into three groups based on uterine blood flow, and all animals were killed on gestational day 138. UBF, which began at 851 ± 74 ml/min ( n = 39), increased in controls (C) to 1,409 ± 98 ml/min ( day 138 of gestation) and in the moderately restricted (RM) group to 986 ± 69 ml/min. In the severely restricted (RS) group, UBF was only 779 ± 79 ml/min on gestational day 138. This reduction in UBF significantly affected fetal body weight with RMfetuses weighing 3,685 ± 178 g and RS fetuses weighing 2,920 ± 164 g compared with C fetal weights of 4,318 ± 208 g. Fetal brain weight was not affected, whereas ponderal index was significantly reduced in RM (2.94 ± 0.09) and RS fetuses (2.49 ± 0.08) compared with the value of the C fetuses (3.31 ± 0.08). Placental weight was also significantly reduced in the RM group, being 302 ± 24 g, whereas the RS group placenta weighed 274 ± 61 g compared with the C values of 414 ± 57 g. Fetal heart, liver, lung, and thymus were all significantly smaller in the RS group. Thus the present study shows a clear relationship between the level of UBF and both fetal and placental size. Furthermore, the observation that fetal brain weight was not affected, whereas fetal body weight was significantly reduced suggests that this experimental preparation may provide a useful model in which to study asymmetric fetal growth restriction.

Fetal brain development in diabetic pregnancies and normal controls

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 797-803
Author(s):  
Friederike Ruth Gründahl ◽  
Kerstin Hammer ◽  
Janina Braun ◽  
Kathrin Oelmeier de Murcia ◽  
Helen Ann Köster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetes Diet ◽  
Fetal Brain Development ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

Abstract Objective: To compare the fetal brain structures assessed in routine sonographic scans during the second and third trimesters in diabetic and normal pregnancies. Methods: In this retrospective study, we measured the head circumference (HC), the transversal diameter of the cerebellum (TCD) and the sizes of the cisterna magna (CM), the cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) and the lateral ventricles (LV) in stored sonographic scans between 20 and 41 weeks of gestation. We compared 231 fetuses of diabetic mothers (diabetic group) to 231 fetuses of normal pregnancies (control group) matched by gestational age. The diabetic group was divided into three subgroups: pre-existing maternal diabetes, diet-controlled gestational diabetes and insulin-dependent gestational diabetes. Results: The mean widths of the CSP and LV were larger in fetuses of diabetic mothers in comparison with the controls (P<0.001, P<0.001; respectively). The sizes of HC, CM and TCD were similar in both groups. These results were consistent across the three subgroups. Conclusions: Diabetes is associated with altered fetal brain development. We would like to introduce the increased widths of CSP and LV as potential markers for gestational diabetes.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Aloe Vera Supplemented by Zinc on the Testis of Wistar Albino Rats Exposed to Cadmium

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 2128-2133
Author(s):  
Sushanth N K ◽  
Vijayalakshmi S ◽  
Dayanand Reddy G ◽  
Sunil Kumar K N ◽  
Shakila R
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Infertility is a major health concern that may be caused due to inadequate fertility hormones or poor quality of reproductive parameters. The environmental pollutants such as cadmium is one of the causative factors for inducing infertility in men. Cadmium accumulates in various tissues and affects reproductive organs, especially testis which is highly sensitive to cadmium poisoning. In this experiment, protective effect of hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) of Aloe vera with and without zinc has been evaluated. Zinc, protects the testes from damages resulting due to cadmium. Aloe vera is a very good source of antioxidants such as vitamin C and E. In this experiment male Wistar albino rats were grouped into 5. The control group received only the vehicle. Experimental groups were administered in Cd group with 10mg/Kg body weight of CdCl2, in Cd+Zn group 40mg/Kg body weight of CdCl2 and 40mg/Kg bodyweight of ZnCl2, in Cd+AV group 10mg/Kg body weight of CdCl2 and 200mg/Kg body weight of HAE of Aloe vera and in Cd+AV+Zn 10mg/Kg body weight of CdCl2, 200mg/Kg body weight of HAE of Aloe vera and 40mg/Kg bodyweight of ZnCl2. The results showed that cadmium caused extensive testicular damage which was protected by HAE of Aloe vera and zinc. Hence, protective effect of HAE of Aloe vera  was exhibited clearly in cadmium treated rats, however, supplementing Aloe vera with zinc provided better protection.

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