scholarly journals Bovine Mastitis: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Major Pathogens and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test on the Isolates around Addis Ababa, Central Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Tesfaye B
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Major Pathogens

A total 351 lactation cows were investigated during th e study period. Out of total 351 lactation cows the overall prevalence of mastitis were 80(22.79%) (Table 1), where lower 5 (1.99%) and higher 73 (20.79%) were respectively by clinical and sub clinical type of mastitis. And the prevalence of mastitis was l ower 20.94% and higher 24.13% in Sululta and Bareh districts respectively. From examined lactating cows 7.40% was at least 1teat blind. From currently tested few isolates using selected antimicrobial agents, all susceptible for Chloramphenicol and Gentamyc in except one each isolates of S.aureus and micrococcus spp for both and C.pyogenes for Chloramphenicol and CNS for Gentamycin which shows intermediate. Similarly most of the isolates susceptible to Amoxycillin except some isolates of S. aureus, Str.uberis, CNS and C. pyogenes. However, high resistance was observed by most of isolates to Penicillin and tetracycline which are drugs currently in use for mastitis therapy in the study area. Prevalence of mastitis, particularly, the subclin ical one could bring about major economic losses in dairy cows without notice as result of reduced milk production, poor growth or mortality of suckling calves and dam health.

scholarly journals Incidence, Etiology, and Risk Factors of Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows under Semi-Tropical Circumstances in Chattogram, Bangladesh

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2255
Author(s):  
Shuvo Singha ◽  
Gerrit Koop ◽  
Ylva Persson ◽  
Delower Hossain ◽  
Lauren Scanlon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Condition Score

Clinical mastitis (CM) is an important production disease in dairy cows, but much of the knowledge required to effectively control CM is lacking, specifically in low-income countries where most farms are small and have specific dairy management, such as regular udder cleaning and practicing hand milking. Therefore, we conducted a 6-month-long cohort study to (a) estimate the incidence rate of clinical mastitis (IRCM) at the cow and quarter level, (b) identify risk factors for the occurrence of CM, (c) describe the etiology of CM, and (d) quantify antimicrobial susceptibility (AMS) against commonly used antimicrobial agents in S. aureus and non-aureus Staphylococcus spp. (NAS) in dairy farms in the Chattogram region of Bangladesh. On 24 farms, all cows were monitored for CM during a 6-month period. Cases of CM were identified by trained farmers and milk samples were collected aseptically before administering any antimicrobial therapy. In total, 1383 lactating cows were enrolled, which totaled 446 cow-years at risk. During the study period, 196 new cases of CM occurred, resulting in an estimated crude IRCM of 43.9 cases per 100 cow-years, though this varied substantially between farms. Among the tested CM quarter samples, Streptococci (22.9%) followed by non-aureus staphylococci (20.3%) were the most frequently isolated pathogens and resistance of S. aureus and NAS against penicillin (2 out of 3 and 27 out of 39 isolates, respectively) and oxacillin (2 out of 3 and 38 out of 39 isolates, respectively) was common. The IRCM was associated with a high milk yield, 28 to 90 days in milk, and a higher body condition score. Our results show that there is substantial room for udder health improvement on most farms.

scholarly journals Prevalence of bovine mastitis in smallholder lactating dairy farms in Hawassa, SNNPR, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 218-224
Author(s):  
Mulugeta Sosango ◽  
◽  
Amanuel Ashebo ◽  
Demelash Kalo ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Paper Test ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

A cross sectional study was conducted between November 2015 and February 2016 in Hawassa town, SNNPR, Ethiopia to determine the overall mastitis prevalence and identify the role of some selected risk factors in 183 randomly selected small holder lactating dairy cows of 53 high grade Holstein Friesian, 113 Holstein indigenous zebu cross and 17 indigenous zebu breeds. The prevalence of clinical mastitis was determined through examination of abnormalities of milk, udder or cow. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis determined by using indicator paper test. From total 183 lactating dairy cows examined for bovine mastitis 9(4.9%) had clinical mastitis, while 56(30.6%) subclinical mastitis. Out of 9(4.9%) clinical mastitis, 9.43 and 3.53% occurred in high grade Holstein and Holstein indigenous zebu, respectively, but indigenous zebu breed was found not affected. Subclinical mastitis at cow level based on indicator paper test was significantly high (32.07%) in Holstein, (30.9%) in cross breed and (23.5%) in indigenous zebu (p<0.05). Quarter level subclinical mastitis prevalence based on indicator paper test was 32.07, 30.2% and 23.5% in Holstein, cross breed and indigenous zebu, respectively. From the potential risk factors considered, breed (X2=17.3, p<0.05), presence of teat lesion and tick infestation (X2=7.73, p<0.05), stage of lactation (X2=13.8, p<0.05), and parity number (X2=19.4, p<0.05) had significant effect on the prevalence of subclinical mastitis. Considering the possible significant economic losses that could be incurred by both clinical and subclinical mastitis, attention should be paid for further detailed investigation and control measures.

PREVALENCE OF SUB-CLINCIAL KETOSIS AND ITS ASSOCIATED COW LEVEL RISK FACTORS IN LACTATING DAIRY CROSS-BRED COWS IN BANGLADESH

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. S. Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Serum Glucose Level ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Lactating Cows

Background: Ketosis is one of the most economically important metabolic diseases commonly found in high milk producing dairy cows worldwide. Objectives: The main objectives of this study were: (a) to evaluate the relationship between the urinary ketone bodies Rothera’s test and the serum glucose level to determine the prevalence of sub-clinical ketosis (SCK) and (b) to explore the cow-level risk factors associated with SCK in cross-bred dairy cows. Materials and Methods: Two types of cross-bred, Holstein Friesian  Local (HF  L) and Shahiwal  Local (SH  L) of a total of 68 lactating cows of three dairy herds were randomly selected to study the SCK from January to May 2012. Serum glucose level (SGL) was estimated by using Reflotron Glucose test strip (Roche) and urinary ketone bodies (UKB) by Rothera’s nitroprusside test. Results: An overall 25% prevalence of SCK was detected by Rothera’s test of which comparatively higher percentage of SCK was recorded in HF  L (25.9%) than SH  L (21.43%) cross-bred lactating cows. The overall SGL of Rothera’s test positive cases varied from 30 to 39 mg / dl with an average of 34.24  2.44 which was significantly (p < 0.001) lower than the Rothera’s test negative cows (40 to 49 and 46.27  3.77 mg / dl). The SCK detected on Rothera’s test was compared with SGL which was 100% sensitivity at  39 mg / dl which could be considered as a ‘cutoff point’ of SGL for SCK. Results of the Rothera’s test were highly correlated with the concentrations of SGL. The significantly (p < 0.01) highest prevalence of SCK was recorded in the fourth parity (66.7%) and fourth week of lactation (46.7%) in comparison to their respective parameters. Conclusions: The present findings reveal that the prevalence of SCK in lactating dairy cows in Bangladesh is very high and remain undetected and unattended. To prevent the SCK, feeding a good feed stuff and implementing good management at the transition period with regular testing for detecting SCK to reduce the consequences and economic losses caused by SCK in dairy industry in Bangladesh. Keywords: Serum glucose level, Rothera’s test, Subclinical ketosis, Cross-bred dairy cows, Cow-level risk factors

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of mastitis in dairy cows

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Rahman ◽  
MMU Bhuiyan ◽  
MM Kamal ◽  
M Shamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Control Programmes

Identification of risk factors is important for the design of control programmes for mastitis in cows. Information about farms and management was collected at a farm visit. California Mastitis Test (CMT) was performed to assess sub-clinical mastitis, and cows, udder and milk were examined for clinical mastitis. A total of 347 lactating cows from 83 farms in the dry season (November - February) and 388 lactating cows from 89 farms in the wet season (June - October) were studied. The overall prevalence of mastitis was 19.9% and 44.8% in dry and wet seasons, respectively. The prevalence of mild mastitis was 17.3% and 40.7%, whereas that of moderate mastitis was 2.6% and 4.1% in dry and wet seasons, respectively. The prevalence of mastitis was higher (P<0.01) in wet than in dry season. On average, 18.7% quarters had mastitis during the wet season and 6.9% in the dry season. In the dry and wet seasons, respectively, 63.9% and 11.2% had completely dry floors, and the prevalence of mastitis was 22.6% and 30.0%. On the other hand, 88.8% and 36.1% of 83 farms had partly or completely wet and soiled floor and the prevalence of mastitis was 40.0% and 59.5% in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Udder cleanliness, milk yield and peri-parturient diseases significantly (P<0.01) increased the risk of mastitis. The prevalence of mastitis is regarded as quite high. Dry and clean floor to keep cow's udder and teat clean would help control mastitis in the dairy farms of Bangladesh. DOI: 10.3329/bvet.v26i2.4951 Bangl. vet. 2009. Vol. 26, No. 2, 54-60

scholarly journals Bacteriophage-Derived PeptidaseCHAPKEliminates and Prevents Staphylococcal Biofilms

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Fenton ◽  
Ruth Keary ◽  
Olivia McAuliffe ◽  
R. Paul Ross ◽  
Jim O'Mahony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Staphylococcal Infections ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

New antibacterial agents are urgently needed for the elimination of biofilm-forming bacteria that are highly resistant to traditional antimicrobial agents. Proliferation of such bacteria can lead to significant economic losses in the agri-food sector. This study demonstrates the potential of the bacteriophage-derived peptidase,CHAPK, as a biocidal agent for the rapid disruption of biofilm-forming staphylococci, commonly associated with bovine mastitis. PurifiedCHAPKapplied to biofilms ofStaphylococcus aureusDPC5246 completely eliminated the staphylococcal biofilms within 4 h. In addition,CHAPKwas able to prevent biofilm formation by this strain. TheCHAPKlysin also reducedS. aureusin a skin decolonization model. Our data demonstrates the potential ofCHAPKas a biocidal agent for prevention and treatment of biofilm-associated staphylococcal infections or as a decontaminating agent in the food and healthcare sectors.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Sub-Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows in Urban Areas of Chittagong, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 845
Author(s):  
Shariful Islam ◽  
Shama Ranjan Barua ◽  
Ariful Islam ◽  
Shahnaj Parvin Moni ◽  
Helal Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
History Of

Mastitis is considered to be the most devastating condition for the dairy farms of low and medium income countries due to its alarming impact on production and worldwide has been recognized as one of the most economically significant infectious diseases affecting the welfare of dairy animal. Chittagong is one of the dairy intensive regions of Bangladesh but comprehensive epidemiological studies addressing prevalence of and risk factors for subclinical mastitis (SCM) are scant. Therefore we aimed to approximate the prevalence of SCM in dairy cows along with the associated risk factors in dairy cows of Chittagong Metropolitan Area (CMA), Bangladesh. We included 114 cross breed (Holstein × Local) lactating cows, raised at 6 dairy farms in CMA between February to November, 2015 for this study. California Mastitis Test (CMT) was used to assess SCM at animal level. The overall prevalence of mastitis was 34.2% among the tested cows. Floor type, source of replacement cows, history of previous reproductive disorder, stage of lactation and cleanliness of floor was found significantly associated with SCM in univariate analysis. In random effect multiple logistic regression model, cemented floor was found to increase the odds of SCM by 5.03 times than that of brick floor. Similarly, cows with history of reproductive disorders had more risk of having SCM than that of cows without a history of reproductive disorders. Since the SCM is prevalent in the study area, the intervention strategy should focus on causal agent, improved management, frequent monitoring of SCM in milking cows with CMT and use of teat disinfectants; with minimal or no treatment with antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Multidrug Resistance and Molecular Characterization of Streptococcus agalactiae Isolates From Dairy Cattle With Mastitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Hernandez ◽  
Enriqueta Bottini ◽  
Jimena Cadona ◽  
Claudio Cacciato ◽  
Cristina Monteavaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

Streptococcus agalactiae is a pathogen-associated to bovine mastitis, a health disorder responsible for significant economic losses in the dairy industry. Antimicrobial therapy remains the main strategy for the control of this bacterium in dairy herds and human In order to get insight on molecular characteristics of S. agalactiae strains circulating among Argentinean cattle with mastitis, we received 1500 samples from 56 dairy farms between 2016 and 2019. We recovered 56 S. agalactiae isolates and characterized them in relation to serotypes, virulence genes, and antimicrobial susceptibility. Serotypes III and II were the most prevalent ones (46% and 41%, respectively), followed by Ia (7%). In relation to the 13 virulence genes screened in this study, the genes spb1, hylB, cylE, and PI-2b were present in all the isolates, meanwhile, bca, cpsA, and rib were detected in different frequencies, 36%, 96%, and 59%, respectively. On the other hand, bac, hvgA, lmb, PI-1, PI-2a, and scpB genes could not be detected in any of the isolates. Disk diffusion method against a panel of eight antimicrobial agents showed an important number of strains resistant simultaneously to five antibiotics. We also detected several resistance-encoding genes, tet(M), tet(O), ermB, aphA3, and lnu(B) (9%, 50%, 32%, 32%, and 5%, respectively). The results here presented are the first molecular data on S. agalactiae isolates causing bovine mastitis in Argentina and provide a foundation for the development of diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic methods, including the perspective of a vaccine.

scholarly journals Investigation of Clostridium perfringens in small-scale commercial broiler flocks in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 2809-2816
Author(s):  
Arunima Oarin Tresha ◽  
Mohammad Arif ◽  
Sk Shaheenur Islam ◽  
A. K. M. Ziaul Haque ◽  
Md. Tanvir Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Commercial Broiler

Background and Aim: Necrotic enteritis (NE) is one of the most prevalent diseases in broiler poultry caused by Clostridium perfringens connected with significant economic losses. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh to assess the prevalence of C. perfringens through toxinotyping molecular assay and confirm the risk factors for NE, including antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) status of the isolates. Materials and Methods: We included 40 small-scale commercial broiler farms randomly selected from two subdistricts of Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. As an individual sample, 240 cloacal swabs, and as a pooled sample, 40 drinking water, 40 workers' hand washing, 40 litter swab, and 40 feed samples were collected and evaluated by culture, biochemical, and molecular assays. A pretested semi-structured interview questionnaire was employed to capture flock-level data on risk factors from the farm owners. The flock-level data on risk factors were assessed through univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses with p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Overall flock-level prevalence of C. perfringens was estimated to be 10.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.5- 13.6%). Litter swab (pooled) was found to be highly contaminated with C. perfringens (25.0%, 95% CI: 12.7-41.2%) followed by the cloacal swab (10.4%, 95% CI: 6.9-15.0%) and feed sample (5.0%, 95% CI: 0.6-16.9%). History of coccidia infection (Adjusted odds ratio =33.01, 95% CI: 2.14-507.59, p=0.01) was significantly associated with flock-level C. perfringens infection status. In this study, 78.1% isolates were found as multidrug-resistant as they demonstrated resistance to 3-5 antimicrobial agents. Conclusion: Evidence-based control options need to be taken through the uses of prebiotics and probiotics, biosecurity, and hygienic measurement, including control of coccidia infection, is needed to lessen the NE infection and AMR related to this pathogen in small-scale commercial broiler poultry.

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