scholarly journals Blood glucose level in rats with different behavioral activity in the dynamics of repeated stress exposures

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Yu. Abramova ◽  
Elena V. Koplik ◽  
Irina V. Alekseyeva ◽  
Sergey S. Pertsov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Control Measurement ◽  
Repeated Stress

Aim. To study the effect of repeated stress on blood glucose level in rats with various behavioral characteristics and with different resistance to the development of adverse consequences of negative emotiogenic exposures. Materials and Methods. The animals were initially subjected to open field test to calculate the index of activity. Daily 4-h immobilization of rats in individual plastic cages for 8 days was used as a model of stress. Blood glucose concentration was measured with a glucometer (control measurement and on the 1st, 3rd and 8th days of repeated stress). Results. The basal level of glucose in behaviorally active (stress-resistant) rats was lower than in passive (stress-predisposed) specimens. Repeated exposure of rats to stress resulted in development of hyperglycemia. However, the dynamics of blood glucose concentration was different in specimens with different parameters of behavior. The increase in glucose concentration in active animals was most pronounced after a single exposure. By the 3rd and 8th days of stress exposures, glucose level in these rats progressively decreased (as compared to the 1st day), but remained above the basal level. Passive specimens were characterized by the increase in blood glucose concentration after a single and, particularly, after three-time restraint stress. Glucose content in these animals slightly decreased by the 8th day (as compared to the previous periods), but was above the basal level. Conclusion. The dynamics of abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism (in particular, changes in blood glucose level) during chronic emotiogenic exposures differed in specimens with different resistance to stress factors. These data illustrate the importance of an indivi-dual approach to studying the pathophysiological mechanisms of progression and development of stress-induced disorders.

EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC HUMAN 1,39-CORTICOTROPHIN ON BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL IN MICE

1970 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-489
Author(s):  
F. A. László ◽  
I. Szijj ◽  
F. Durszt ◽  
K. Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Adrenocortical Activity ◽  
Initial Blood

ABSTRACT The hypoglycaemic action of synthetic human 1,39-corticotrophin was determined in mice and its effectiveness compared with highly purified porcine corticotrophin. Synthetic human 1,39-corticotrophin (0.01 mg = 1.0 IU) and porcine corticotrophin (1.0 IU) induced a transient hypoglycaemia. After the administration of the porcine corticotrophin the decrease in the blood glucose concentration was somewhat more marked and prolonged. Adrenocortical activity was not necessary for the development of hypoglycaemia. In adrenalectomized mice, dexamethasone substitution by increasing the initial blood glucose content, made the effect more pronounced. Pretreatment with corticotrophin reduced the extent of the alloxan-induced transitory hyperglycaemia. On the other hand, it did not influence the high blood glucose values in manifest alloxan diabetic animals. It is possible that corticotrophin induces hypoglycaemia through insulin release. This is an extra-adrenal effect of corticotrophin as it is also observed in adrenalectomized mice.

THE CRITICALLY ILL CHILD: SALICYLATE INTOXICATION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-444
Author(s):  
William E. Segar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Pharmacologic Agent ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Salicylate Intoxication

Salicylate is a potent pharmacologic agent, and the rational therapy of salicylate intoxication must be based on an understanding of its pharmacologic actions and consequent pathophysiologic effects.l Because it acts to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation in a manner analogous to that of 2,4-dinitrophenol, salicylate is, first of all, a general metabolic stimulant.2 Oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide formation, and heat production are increased by its action; consequently, oxygen requirement, blood CO2 concentration, and the need to eliminate heat are also increased. Respiration, heart rate, and cardiac output must increase to satisfy the demands imposed by the acceleration of metabolic processes. Second, saiicylate interferes in a complex manner with the normal metabolism of carbohydrate.3 Many factors seem to be involved, some tending to decrease and others to increase the blood glucose concentralion, and, clinically, either hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia may be observed. Hyperglycemia may be partially explained by the release of epinephrmne due to activation of hypothalamic sympathetic centers. However, large doses of salicyiate also decrease aerobic metabolism and increase glucose-6-phosphatase activity, effects which tend to increase the blood glucose level. Hypoglycemia, on the other hand, may be caused by an increased utilization of glucose by peripheral tissues or by interference with gluconeogenesis by salicylates. Recent studies suggest that brain glucose concentration may be decreased despite minimal alterations in blood glucose level.4 As a result of these salicylate-mnduced alterations in carbohydrate metabolism, organic acids, particularly lactic, pyruvic, and acetoacetic, accumuiate.5 Infants appear to be particularly susceptible to the toxic effects of salicylate on carbohydrate metabolism and are more likely to have disturbances in blood glucose concentration and metabolic acidosis than are older children.

scholarly journals Study of the hyperglycemic condition in diseases of liver in obese clinical patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6-s) ◽  
pp. 204-208
Author(s):  
Chander Jeet Singh ◽  
Dinesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Sensory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Sensory Evoked ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

Hyperglycemia is best documented by Whipple´s triad: symptoms compatible with hypoglycemia, low blood glucose concentration and alleviation of symptoms after the glucose concentration is raised. In experimental studies in healthy adults, the threshold for symptoms of hyperglycemia is on average a blood glucose level of 3.0 mmol/l Mitrakou reported autonomic symptoms of hyperglycemia to begin at a blood glucose level of 3.2 mmol/l, and deterioration in cognitive function tests at a level of 2.7 mmo/l. When sensory evoked potentials were measured in relation to blood glucose concentrations in infants and children with episodes of hyperglycemia, abnormalities were noted at blood glucose levels less than 2.6 mmol/l. Keywords: Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Glucose, Glycolysis. 

Design of Automatic Insulin Dosage Indicator for Diabetic Patients Using BMI

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Kanimozhi R ◽  
Saravanakumar S
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Insulin Dosage ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Diabetes Mellitus is a serious and chronic health disease. It occurs in all age group of people, especially in adults and aged persons. It is important to measure blood glucose level frequently for the diabetes affected persons which in need to determine the appropriate insulin dosage. Along with this, the continuous glucose monitoring is vital to know whether the glucose level is in normal range. The conventional method used to measure the glucose level in blood is invasive which is infectious and a painful process. Nowadays, the non-invasive blood glucose monitoring methods are widely used. In this work, the blood glucose level is measured non-invasively using IR sensor. Besides that, the indication of insulin dosage to be taken is done by determining blood glucose concentration (non- invasively) and comparing it with Body Mass Index (BMI) of the patient. The implementation is based on the variations in the intensity of the IR LED, BMI and blood density. Themethod ismore reliable than the invasive techniques.

THE EFFECTS OF HORMONES ON THE CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM OF THE LAMPREY LAMPETRA FLUVIATILIS

1965 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. BENTLEY ◽  
B. K. FOLLETT
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Arginine Vasotocin ◽  
Glycogen Concentration ◽  
Muscle Glycogen Concentration

SUMMARY River lampreys regulated their blood glucose concentration when injected with glucose. Mammalian insulin decreased the blood glucose concentration in the lamprey while adrenaline, cortisol and arginine vasotocin increased it. Glucagon had no effect initially but after a delay of 4 hr. decreased the blood glucose level. Insulin and cortisol increased the liver glycogen concentration. Adrenaline decreased the muscle glycogen concentration; vasotocin increased it. Treatment with alloxan increased the blood glucose concentration. Fat and glycogen in the lamprey are stored mainly in the skeletal muscles and their histochemical distribution in muscle is described. The results are discussed in relation to the metabolism of the migrating lamprey and the evolution of the control of carbohydrate metabolism in vertebrates.

Insulin secretion: mechanism of the stimulation by glucose

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erol Cerasi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Stability

Glucose is one of the substrates that is controlled with the most efficient hormonal mechanisms in higher organisms. The presence of tissues such as the central nervous system which, under normal conditions, depend solely on glucose as substrate, and the sporadic type of food intake with periods of fasting of various lengths in the mammalians necessitate that the distribution of energy-rich substrates among various tissues be continuously adjusted by changes in the secretion of a number of hormones. The efficiency of this system is evidenced by the stability of the blood glucose level in man, in whom after a carbohydrate-rich meal more than 70% of the glucose that has been ingested will be retained in the liver during a single passage of portal blood, resulting in only small changes of the glucose concentration in peripheral blood. Likewise, periods of fasting up to24–36 h are followed by modest to minimal reductions of the blood glucose level, the liver now supplying the circulation with the hexose.

scholarly journals The Concentration of Glucose in Mammalian Liver

1959 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes W. Th. Appelboom ◽  
William A. Brodsky ◽  
Warren S. Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Liver Cell ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Hexokinase Activity ◽  
Mammalian Liver ◽  
Free Glucose ◽  
Liver Homogenates

Data on barium-zinc filtrates of liver homogenates and of boiled liver indicate that the free glucose content of liver exceeds the blood glucose level. For instance, for boiled liver, the glucose level is 10.1, compared with a blood level of 5.4 mM/kg. Method of preparation of the tissue is important for the interpretation of the final results, as has been shown in appropriate control experiments. Various methods including paper chromatography were used to show that the reducing substance in liver is glucose. The relation of the high glucose content of liver to hexokinase activity, phosphate activity, and to glucose transport between liver cell and blood is discussed.

scholarly journals UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN SOSIS ANALOG TEMPE DENGAN PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG UBI JALAR UNGU TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR GULA DARAH MENCIT DIABETES

Pro Food ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Maelan Hairani ◽  
Satrijo Saloko ◽  
Dody Handito
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Potato Flour ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Sweet Potato Flour ◽  
Purple Sweet Potato

ABSTRACT This research was aimed to observe the effect of the addition of purple sweet potato flour in the making of tempeh analog sausage on antioxidant activity, anthocyanin total, reducing sugar content and antioxidant capability on decreasing of blood glucose level in diabetic mice. The method that was used in this research was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which consist of five treatments i.e. 0%; 10%; 15%; 20% and 25% addition of purple sweet potato flour by four replications. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at α = 5% using Co-stat and SPSS 21 for windows software by further analyzed Polynomial Orthogonal Method (POM). The results showed that the addition of purple sweet potato flour treatments gave significant effect on antioxidant activity, anthocyanin total, and decreasing of blood glucose level in diabetic mice which feed by the tempeh analog sausage, however gave non significant effect on the reducing glucose content of the tempeh analog sausage. The 25% addition of  purple sweet potato flour was the best treatment by 31.44% of antioxidant activity; 8.22 mg/L of anthocyanin total; 1.13% of reducing glucose content and could decrease blood glucose level in diabetic mice equal to 387 mg/dL. Keywords : anthocyanin, blood glucose, purple sweet potato, tempeh analog sausage. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh penambahan tepung ubi jalar ungu pada pembuatan sosis analog tempe terhadap aktivitas antioksidan, total antosianin, kadar gula reduksi dan kemampuan antioksidannya untuk menurunkan kadar gula darah mencit diabetes. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari lima perlakuan yakni penambahan tepung ubi jalar ungu 0%, 10%, 15%, 20% dan 25% dengan 4 kali ulangan. Hasil pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) pada α = 5% menggunakan software Co-Stat dan SPSS 21 for windows dengan uji lanjut menggunakan metode ortogonal polinomial (MOP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan penambahan tepung ubi jalar ungu memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap aktivitas antioksidan, total antosianin dan penurunan kadar gula darah mencit diabetes yang diberi makan sosis analog tempe, namun memberikan pengaruh yang tidak signifikan terhadap kadar gula reduksi sosis analog tempe. Penambahan 25% tepung ubi jalar ungu merupakan perlakuan terbaik dengan karakteristik aktivitas antioksidan 31,44%; total antosianin 8,22 mg/L; kadar gula reduksi 1,13% dan mampu menurunkan kadar gula darah mencit diabetes sebesar 387 mg/dL. Kata kunci : antosianin, gula darah, sosis analog tempe, ubi jalar ungu

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antidiabetes Ekstrak Bonggol Nanas (Ananas comusus L.) pada Tikus yang Di induksi Aloksan

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Ayu Rochmawati ◽  
Syahrul Ardiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Stem Extract

This research aims to knowing about decrease glucose levels in rat induced alloxan with the provision of pineapple stem extract (Ananas comusus L.). Previous studies have shown that bromelin can significantly reduce CD4+ lymphocytes, which are included in inflammatory diseases. One of the inflammatory diseases is diabetes mellitus. Blood glucose levels can be lowered by pineapple extract as it contains bromelin, and bromelin most widely found on the stem. The test animals used white rat strain wistar (Rattus norvegicus L.) with weight is 250-300 gram acclimated for seven days. The research was divided  six treatment groups: positive control, negative control, P1 (25% concentration), P2 (50% concentration), P3 (75% concentration), P4 (100% concentration). After treatment for rat in category or sampel was administered pineapple stem extract for 14 days after that experiment status blood glucose level. The results showed that rat had  increased (hyperglicemic) after alloxan induced,and also in blood glucose levels in all treatment. the biggest decrease was in P4 is 44 mgdl. The statistic of Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the decrease of rat blood glucose concentration at various concentration of pineapple extract influence  signifificantly. According to the result  that conclusion is  the difference of pineapple extract concentration (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) influence for decrease blood glucose levels and decreasing blood glucose level after 14 days, but in this  time blood glucose  not returned as normal conditions.  

scholarly journals Evaluation of “Stress Relief” Dietary Supplement on Animal Stress Level and Locomotion

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-229
Author(s):  
Šimons Svirskis ◽  
Linda Klimavičiusa ◽  
Zane Dzirkale
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Stress Relief ◽  
Video Tracking ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Control Group

Abstract Search of new approaches for harmless, non-medication treatment of body dysfunctions is still on the agenda of vet and human practitioners and researchers as well. This study presents evaluation of the effect of “Stress Relief” dietary supplement (SR) on mice behaviour under different acute short-term stress conditions and treatment duration. Five experiments were performed and in each 40 animals were randomly split into four (I–IV) groups, where I and II — non-stressed mice, III and IV — stressed animals, I and III received water with trace mineral solution (TMS), II and IV received water with SR. As stress factors, forced swimming, rodent predator odour or both together were applied. Locomotor activity under normal and stress conditions in Open Field were observed and measured by a SMART video-tracking system. Blood glucose level was measured as well. SR showed a reversal of stress-decreased locomotor activity in all stress models — distance walked increased almost twice (p < 0.0001), central zone crossings and time spent in it were 2–4 times greater than in the control group (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0002, respectively), and fast movement episodes and maximal speed increased by 50–200%. In addition, complete normalisation of stress-induced elevation of blood glucose level (p < 0.0001) was noted. These results demonstrate for the first time that the effect of “Stress Relief” formula (water additives–minerals processed by know-how way in Vital Force Technology using Dr. Yury Kronn method) can be observed in laboratory animals, and that the effects are significant and repeatable. SR shows fear- and stress-reducing activity, which does not sufficiently differ between 7-, 9-, 14-, 28- and 32-day treatment regimes.

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