scholarly journals STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN DAERAH TERTINGGAL DALAM UPAYA PERCEPATAN PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI PEDESAAN

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Almasdi Syahza ◽  
Suarman Suarman
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
The People ◽  
Rural And Urban

The implementation of development, especially in coastal areas of Riau Province, has not been able to improve the welfare of the people especially those living in rural areas. The disparity between rural and urban areas caused by bias and distortion of the development which more pro to urban economy. It causes disadvantaged areas that poor and underdeveloped. The strategy of disadvantaged areas development in Regency of Kepulauan Meranti is the development of agriculture sector based on agribusiness, because most of its population are farmers and fishermen. In the effort to spur the development from economic and social aspects in disadvantaged areas, then the program of rural development should prioritize the three main aspects, those are: 1) Improvement of People's Economy (Eradicate Poverty); 2) Improving the Quality of Human Resources (Alleviation of Ignorance); 3) Infrastructure Development.

scholarly journals The Quality of Life of Coronavirus Disease Survivors Living in Rural and Urban Area of Riau Province, Indonesia

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Suyanto Suyanto ◽  
Shashi Kandel ◽  
Rahmat Azhari Kemal ◽  
Arfianti Arfianti
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Status ◽  
Rural And Urban Area

This study assesses the status of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among coronavirus survivors living in rural and urban districts in Riau province, Indonesia. The cross-sectional study was conducted among 468 and 285 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) survivors living in rural and urban areas, respectively in August 2021. The St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) was used to measure the HRQOL of COVID-19 survivors. A higher total score domain corresponds to worse quality of life status. Quantile regression with the respect to 50th percentile found a significant association for the factors living in rural areas, being female, having comorbidities, and being hospitalized during treatment, with total score of 4.77, 2.43, 7.22, and 21.27 higher than in their contra parts, respectively. Moreover, having received full vaccination had the score 3.96 in total score. The HRQOL of COVID-19 survivors living in rural areas was significantly lower than in urban areas. Factors such as living in rural areas, female sex, having comorbidities, and history of symptomatic COVID-19 infection were identified as significant predictors for lower quality of life. Meanwhile, having full vaccination is a significant predictor for a better quality of life. The results of this study can provide the targeted recommendations for improvement of HRQOL of COVID-19 survivors.

scholarly journals The Impact of Social Disparities on Microbiological Quality of Drinking Water Supply in Ugu District Municipality of Kwazulu-Natal Province, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 2972
Author(s):  
C. M. N. Khabo-Mmekoa ◽  
M. N. B. Momba
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Brick And Mortar

This study was undertaken to highlight the social disparity between rural and urban areas in terms of housing patterns, provision of safe drinking water, access to sanitation facilities, education, employment rate and health-related to diarrhoeal episodes in Ugu District Municipality of KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa. To achieve this aim, a survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire. Drinking water samples were collected from the point of supply and the storage containers to assess the microbiological quality of drinking water in both rural and urban areas. Results of this study revealed prominent residential segregation between rural and urban communities, whereby the houses in the rural areas were generally constructed with corrugated iron sheets, or mud brick and mortar whereas conventional brick-and-mortar construction was used to build those in the urban areas. All of the urban households had flush toilets in their houses (100%), while 98.2% of the rural households were relying on pit latrines and 1.8% were reported to defecate in an open field. The District unemployment rate was at 58.1% in rural areas and none among the urban community. Results also showed that only 13.6% of the rural dwellers completed their secondary education compared to 70.4% of the urban areas. The diarrhoeal episodes were high in rural areas (34.1%) while none of these episodes was reported in urban areas. Great disparity in the water supply persists between rural and urban communities. For the former, the standpipes located outside their homes (90.9%) remain the sole mode of access to drinking water, while in the urban area, all households had pipes/taps inside their houses. Assessment of the drinking water quality revealed only the stored drinking water used by the rural community of Ugu District was contaminated. High prevalence of E. coli ranging from 63.3 % to 66.7% was recorded only in stored water after the sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Species-specific PCR primers exposed the presence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli at a rate ranging between 1.4% and 3.7% in this water Overall, this study has been able to highlight the disparity left by the legacy of racial segregation in the Ugu Municipality District. Therefore, the local government must intervene in educating homeowners on safe water storage practices.

scholarly journals Few urban–rural differences in older carers' access to community services

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayne Lucke ◽  
Anne Russell ◽  
Leigh Tooth ◽  
Christina Lee ◽  
Melanie Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Caregiving Roles

To examine perceived adequacy of access to information and services, and perceived quality of health and community services, among older female carers across rural and urban areas primary data were collected as part of the ongoing Australian Longitudinal Study on Women?s Health (ALSWH). In all, 306 women in their 70s who had family caregiving roles responded to a nested substudy of the ALSWH. There were few reported differences between urban and rural older carers in their access to health and community services for the people they cared for. In fact, those in rural areas fared slightly better than those in urban areas in awareness of service availability and perceived quality of service. Many older carers in both rural and urban areas do not access health and community services even when appropriate services are available. A better understanding is needed of how support can be delivered to complement older carers? existing arrangements.

scholarly journals Basic aspects of rural social infrastructure development

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
Mikhailovna Yarkova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Negative State ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Government ◽  
Leisure Facilities

The social infrastructure of rural areas is of particular importance when considering issues of both an economic and social nature. Both production and non-production rural areas necessitate the availability of social facilities. The main purpose of social infrastructure facilities nowadays and in the past of rural and urban areas development is to meet the needs of the population. At the same time, social infrastructure defines the basis for the level and quality of life of civil society. Its condition is an indicator of the territorial development and provides opportunities for innovative development and investment attraction. For many years now, the rural social infrastructure has been in poor condition in Russia. Problems are observed in the living conditions of citizens, in elements of residential properties improvement, undeveloped system of medical and educational services, unavailability of cultural and leisure facilities, and so on. Due to such a negative state of the rural social sphere, problems arise with the demographic situation and the production sphere in terms of the inability to attract highly qualified personnel. The Program for the Sustainable Development of Rural Territories developed by the Government of Russia holds back the general, intensively negative situation, and is fundamentally changing it in some regions of the country. The paper presents the results of the implementation of the main Program directions and gives some recommendations on its further implementation and development of the rural social infrastructure.

scholarly journals Comparison of the knowledge level of individuals living in rural and urban areas about skin cancer and sun protection

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2762
Author(s):  
Elif Erdogan ◽  
Aynur Uysal Toraman
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
The People ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Knowledge Scale

Background: Among the types of cancer, skin cancer stands out due to its increasing incidence rate both in Turkey and around the world. This study was conducted to compare the knowledge level of the people living in rural and urban areas about skin cancer and sun protection.Methods: The study was conducted with 384 people living in Kirazlı village (rural area) and Türkmen district (urban area) in Kuşadası. Kuşadası town is located in Turkey's western region. Individual’s skin cancer and sun protection knowledge levels were evaluated with Skin Cancer and Sun Knowledge Scale consisting of 25 items.Results: As a result of this evaluation, the median values were 12.5 for the people living in rural areas and 15 for the people living in urban areas. It was found that there was a statistically meaningful difference between skin cancer and sun knowledge scale points of the people living in rural and urban areas (U=9419.5, p<0.01).Conclusions: This study concludes that individuals from urban populations were more knowledgeable than the ones from rural populations in the field of skin cancer and the sun protection behavior.

scholarly journals Trend Analysis of Relative Poverty in Pakistan (1984-85 - 1987-88)

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (4II) ◽  
pp. 915-934
Author(s):  
M. Asghar Zaidi ◽  
Klaas De Vos
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Relative Poverty ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Poor Population ◽  
Relative Concept

In this paper, we compare poverty statistics for Pakistan based on data from the Household Income and Expenditure Surveys of 1984-85 and 1987-88, using a relative concept of poverty. After a brief look at the quality of the surveys in use in Section II we recapitulate the relative poverty concept in Section III. In Section IV we compare the size and composition of the poor population in 1984-85 and 1987-88 by using relative poverty lines. In Section V we extend the analysis by differentiating results across rural and urban areas and by taking into account that the cost of living in rural areas may be lower than in urban areas. Section VI presents a number of sensitivity analyses, and Section VII concludes.

Classroom Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Elida Kurti
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
General Education ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Intellectual Level

This paper aims to reflect an effort to identify the problems associated with the educational learning process, as well as its function to express some inherent considerations to the most effective forms of the classroom management. Mentioned in this discussion are ways of management for various categories of students, not only from an intellectual level, but also by their behavior. Also, in the elaboration of this theme I was considering that in addition to other development directions of the country, an important place is occupied by the education of the younger generation in our school environments and especially in adopting the methods of teaching and learning management with a view to enable this generation to be competitive in the European labor market. This, of course, can be achieved by giving this generation the best values of behavior, cultural level, professional level and ethics one of an European family which we belong to, not just geographically. On such foundations, we have tried to develop this study, always improving the reality of the prolonged transition in the field of children’s education. Likewise, we have considered the factors that have left their mark on the structure, cultural level and general education level of children, such as high demographic turnover associated with migration from rural and urban areas, in the capacity of our educational institutions to cope with new situations etc. In the conclusions of this study is shown that there is required a substantial reform even in the pro-university educational system to ensure a significant improvement in the behavior of children, relations between them and the sound quality of their preparation. Used literature for this purpose has not been lacking, due to the fact that such problems are usually treated by different scholars. Likewise, we found it appropriate to use the ideas and issues discussed by the foreign literature that deals directly with classroom management problems. All the following treatise is intended to reflect the way of an effective classroom management.

TURNING FARMERS INTO SOCIAL FARMER ENTREPRENEURS FOR DISADVANTAGED PEOPLE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remus Runcan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Development Programme ◽  
Rural And Urban

According to Romania’s National Rural Development Programme, the socio-economic situation of the rural environment has a large number of weaknesses – among which low access to financial resources for small entrepreneurs and new business initiatives in rural areas and poorly developed entrepreneurial culture, characterized by a lack of basic managerial knowledge – but also a large number of opportunities – among which access of the rural population to lifelong learning and entrepreneurial skills development programmes and entrepreneurs’ access to financial instruments. The population in rural areas depends mainly on agricultural activities which give them subsistence living conditions. The gap between rural and urban areas is due to low income levels and employment rates, hence the need to obtain additional income for the population employed in subsistence and semi-subsistence farming, especially in the context of the depopulation trend. At the same time, the need to stimulate entrepreneurship in rural areas is high and is at a resonance with the need to increase the potential of rural communities from the perspective of landscape, culture, traditional activities and local resources. A solution could be to turn vegetal and / or animal farms into social farms – farms on which people with disabilities (but also adolescents and young people with anxiety, depression, self-harm, suicide, and alexithymia issues) might find a “foster” family, bed and meals in a natural, healthy environment, and share the farm’s activities with the farmer and the farmer’s family: “committing to a regular day / days and times for a mutually agreed period involves complying with any required health and safety practices (including use of protective clothing and equipment), engaging socially with the farm family members and other people working on and around the farm, and taking on tasks which would include working on the land, taking care of animals, or helping out with maintenance and other physical work”

scholarly journals Changes in Water Quality of the River das Antas as It Passes through Rural and Urban Areas

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Valdemir Antoneli ◽  
Manuel Pulido-Fernández ◽  
João Anésio Bednarz ◽  
Leonardo Brandes ◽  
Michael Vrahnakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
Decreasing Ph ◽  
The City

The catchment area of River das Antas (Irati, Paraná, Brazil) is of high importance both for human consumption and irrigation. Within Irati, this river passes through a rural area and through the city of Irati, crossing both poor and rich neighbourhoods. We selected three study areas downstream (a rural area, poor community, and rich neighbourhood) in which we measured turbidity, the concentration of sediments and pH during rainy days. Our results showed downstream trends of increasing turbidity and concentrations of sediments with decreasing pH. The values of turbidity and of concentration of sediments were significantly different in the rural area, while the pH values were significantly different between the three study areas. These findings highlight the effect of agricultural activities in the generation of sediments and turbidity. The—presumably expected—effects of organic urban waste from the poor neighbourhood were also detected in the pH values. We conclude that efforts should be made to ensure that land planning and training/education programmes on sustainable farming practices are undertaken by the authorities to reduce water pollution and its effects on water bodies during rainfall events, since paving streets is not a feasible option in the short term due to the high costs associated with this measure.

scholarly journals Urban–rural disparity in cancer incidence in China, 2008–2012: a cross-sectional analysis of data from 36 cancer registers

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e042762
Author(s):  
Shuai Yuan ◽  
Shao-Hua Xie
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Anatomic Site ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural

ObjectiveThe substantial differences in socioeconomic and lifestyle exposures between urban and rural areas in China may lead to urban–rural disparity in cancer risk. This study aimed to assess the urban–rural disparity in cancer incidence in China.MethodsUsing data from 36 regional cancer registries in China in 2008–2012, we compared the age-standardised incidence rates of cancer by sex and anatomic site between rural and urban areas. We calculated the rate difference and rate ratio comparing rates in rural versus urban areas by sex and cancer type.ResultsThe incidence rate of all cancers in women was slightly lower in rural areas than in urban areas, but the total cancer rate in men was higher in rural areas than in urban areas. The incidence rates in women were higher in rural areas than in urban areas for cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, and liver and biliary passages, but lower for cancers of thyroid and breast. Men residing in rural areas had higher incidence rates for cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, and liver and biliary passages, but lower rates for prostate cancer, lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancer, and colorectal cancer.ConclusionsOur findings suggest substantial urban–rural disparity in cancer incidence in China, which varies across cancer types and the sexes. Cancer prevention strategies should be tailored for common cancers in rural and urban areas.

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