scholarly journals Distributivity, partitioning, and the multiplication algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-246
Author(s):  
Chris Hurst ◽  
Ray Huntley
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Place Value ◽  
Multiplication Algorithm ◽  
Distributive Property ◽  
Multiplicative Thinking ◽  
Number Facts

Multiplicative thinking underpins much of the mathematics learned beyond the middle primary years. As such, it needs to be understood conceptually to highlight the connections between its many aspects. This paper focuses on one such connection; that is how the array, place value partitioning and the distributive property of multiplication are related. It is important that students understand how the property informs the written multiplication algorithm. Another component of successful use of the standard multiplication algorithm is extended number facts and the paper also explores students’ ability to understand and generate them. One purpose of the study was to investigate the extent to which students used the standard multiplication algorithm and if their use of it is supported by an understanding of the underpinning components of the array, partitioning, the distributive property, and extended number facts. That is, we seek to learn if students have a conceptual understanding of the multiplication algorithm and its underpinning mathematics that would enable them to transfer their knowledge to a range of contexts, or if they have procedurally learned mathematics. In this qualitative study, data were generated from the administration of a Multiplicative Thinking Quiz with a sample of 36 primary aged students. Data were analyzed manually and reported using descriptive statistics. The main implications of the study are that the connections among the multiplicative array, place value partitioning, base ten property of place value, distributive property of multiplication, and extended number facts need to be made explicit for children in terms of how they inform the use of the written algorithm for multiplication. 

IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL TRANSFORMATION PROJECT ON PRODUCTIVITY AND POVERTY AMONG RICE FARMERS IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-400
Author(s):  
O. S. Balogun ◽  
M. A. Damisa ◽  
O. Yusuf ◽  
O. L. Balogun
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Agricultural Transformation ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Late Model

The study was carried out to examine the effect of agricultural transformation on the beneficiary’s productivity and poverty of rice farmers in Kano State Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling method was employed to select 571 respondents for the study. Data were collected through structured questionnaires on respondent’s income, input and output quantities as well as their expenditures. Data were analysis using descriptive statistics, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT), Propensity score matching and LATE model. Results from the study shows that respondents productivity revealed a significant difference of about 127 kg/ha in rice productivity between participants and non-participants. Also, the LATE estimates revealed an average treatment effect ATE0 of about 222.98kg/ha. Furthermore, the project had a significant effect N11, 321.4 on the participant’s consumption expenditure than the non-participants N9980.60. Moreover, participants were, able to increase their household total expenditures by N34780 per annum. Fluctuations of input/output prices insect pests and inadequate extension visits were all the major constraints faced by the farmers. It was recommended that farmers’ information and sensitization system should be overhauled and improved. Also, attention should be given to well organize extension visits for the farmers from stake holders

scholarly journals Preschool teachers and caregivers’ lack of repositioning in response to changed responsibilities in policy documents

2021 ◽  
pp. 1476718X2096974
Author(s):  
Sara Cervantes ◽  
Anna Öqvist
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Educational Reform ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Preschool Teachers ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Working Relationship ◽  
Policy Documents

Preschool teachers and caregivers have a close working relationship as part of a working team to benefit the children in Swedish preschools. In 2011, a new educational reform was introduced according to which preschools became a school form in their own right within the overall educational system in Sweden. The objective of the policy was to strengthen the profession of preschool teachers by affording them clearer responsibility over the quality of educational practices and curriculum work. It also entailed a division of labour between the preschool teachers and caregivers in the working team. The current study explored how Swedish preschool teachers and caregivers positioned themselves in response to these changes in responsibility. In this qualitative study, data were collected from 17 preschool teachers and caregivers via an open-ended questionnaire. Preschool teachers and caregivers viewed themselves as having equal responsibility in the working team. Specifically, preschool teachers upgraded the competence and position of caregivers while downgrading their own professional competence and position. Caregivers downgraded the profession and position of preschool teachers and upgraded their own competence and position to be equal to that of preschool teachers.

scholarly journals A Study of Errors and Misconceptions in the Learning of Addition and Subtraction of Directed Numbers in Grade 8

SAGE Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401667137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judah Paul Makonye ◽  
Josiah Fakude
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Negative Numbers ◽  
Teaching And Learning Mathematics ◽  
Learning Mathematics ◽  
Number Lines ◽  
Addition And Subtraction ◽  
Logical Errors ◽  
Grade 8

The study focused on the errors and misconceptions that learners manifest in the addition and subtraction of directed numbers. Skemp’s notions of relational and instrumental understanding of mathematics and Sfard’s participation and acquisition metaphors of learning mathematics informed the study. Data were collected from 35 Grade 8 learners’ exercise book responses to directed numbers tasks as well as through interviews. Content analysis was based on Kilpatrick et al.’s strands of mathematical proficiency. The findings were as follows: 83.3% of learners have misconceptions, 16.7% have procedural errors, 67% have strategic errors, and 28.6% have logical errors on addition and subtraction of directed numbers. The sources of the errors seemed to be lack of reference to mediating artifacts such as number lines or other real contextual situations when learning to deal with directed numbers. Learners seemed obsessed with positive numbers and addition operation frames—the first number ideas they encountered in school. They could not easily accommodate negative numbers or the subtraction operation involving negative integers. Another stumbling block seemed to be poor proficiency in English, which is the language of teaching and learning mathematics. The study recommends that building conceptual understanding on directed numbers and operations on them must be encouraged through use of multirepresentations and other contexts meaningful to learners. For that reason, we urge delayed use of calculators.

Multiplication by 10 base-5: Making Sense of Place Value Structure Through an Alternate Base

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-98
Author(s):  
Jodi Fasteen ◽  
Kathleen Melhuish ◽  
Eva Thanheiser
Keyword(s):  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Sense Of Place ◽  
Number System ◽  
Place Value ◽  
Mathematical Activity ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Procedural Fluency ◽  
Whole Number

Prior research has shown that preservice teachers (PSTs) are able to demonstrate procedural fluency with whole number rules and operations, but struggle to explain why these procedures work. Alternate bases provide a context for building conceptual understanding for overly routine rules. In this study, we analyze how PSTs are able to make sense of multiplication by 10five in base five. PSTs' mathematical activity shifted from a procedurally based concatenated digits approach to an explanation based on the structure of the place value number system.

scholarly journals Content Analysis of Stories for Preschoolers About Honesty

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibel Dal ◽  
◽  
Cemil Öztep ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Values Education ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
National Education

The purpose of this study is to examine how selected stories, which are written in Turkish by local or foreign authors for preschoolers, deal with honesty. In this basic interpretive qualitative study, data were collected through document analysis and analyzed through content analysis. Analyzed documents are twenty-one picture books, which written in Turkish for preschoolers published between 2004 and 2015, nine stories about honesty published online by four Turkish Provincial Directorates of National Education and one story about honesty published online by the Center for Values Education. The software NVivo 11 was used to conduct computer-assisted data analysis. The results of this study demonstrate that most of the analyzed texts use “dishonesty and its negative consequences” more than “honesty and its positive outcomes” to promote honesty.

scholarly journals INSECURITY AND NIGERIA’S SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A SURVEY

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
James WOJUADE
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Communal Life ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Frequency Counts

This study examined insecurity as the bane of Nigeria’s socio-economic development. The study adopted a descriptive survey research. The study was guided by two research questions. The participants for this study comprised one hundred and fifty (150) educated people/youth selected from Ona-Ara local government area of Ibadan metropolis. Insecurity as the bane of socio-economic development in Nigeria questionnaire was the instrument used for this study. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics such as frequency counts and percentage. Findings revealed that ethno-religious conflicts and unemployment are among the factors responsible for insecurity in Nigeria. Social dislocation, population displacement, disruption of family and communal life are some of the impacts of insecurity on Nigeria’s socio-economic development. It is recommended that government should ensure that social security programme is pursued and systematically implemented to ensure that the populace meets their basic needs.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Compensation Strategy on Organizational Loyalty "An Empirical Study of Jordanian Duty Free Shops": أثر استراتيجية التعويضات على الولاء التنظيمي: دراسة تطبيقية لدى الأسواق الحرة الأردنية

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghaith Bassam Mohammad AL-Qaralleh
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Inferential Statistics ◽  
Compensation Strategy ◽  
Free Markets ◽  
Organizational Loyalty ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

The main objective of this study is to identify the impact of the compensation strategy on the organizational loyalty of Jordanian free markets. In order to achieve the objective of the study, a questionnaire was developed and distributed to (70) individuals, and (60) individuals’ questionnaires with the percentage of (85.4%) were studied. They were selected in a stratified random sample using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics for analyzing the study data. The study found many significant results and the most important one was that there is a significant impact of the compensation strategy on the organizational loyalty of the Jordanian trade organizations, especially, Jordanian free markets. The study recommended conducting further research on the subject of the study as it was found that there is a lack of such research in this field.

scholarly journals [Student Acceptance of Course Curriculum Implementation of Islamic Basic Principles (Ctu 101) at Uitm] Penerimaan Pelajar Terhadap Pelaksanaan Kurikulum Kursus Prinsip-Prinsip Asas Islam (Ctu 101) di Uitm

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 20-33
Author(s):  
Rubiah Abu Bakar ◽  
Abdul Manam Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Basic Principle ◽  
Curriculum Implementation ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to analyze the acceptance of students towards the implementation of the Basic Principles of Islam (CTU 101) course curriculum which is one of the Islamic Study Courses in UiTM (MARA Institute of Technology). The focus of this study is to investigate the level and relationship between students’ acceptance in terms of content, teaching and evaluation. This survey study involved 300 students who were randomly chosen and a set of questionnaires was utilized as the instrument of study. A pilot study was conducted among 30 students to determine the reliability of instrument used by using Alpha Cronbach with value 0.960, and value 0.964. A set of questionnaire consists of part A (demography background of participants) and part B, C, D and E (questions of variables) was used to collect data for this study. Data were analyzed by using Software SPSS version 17.0 (Statistic Packages For Sosial Science) and reported by using of descriptive statistics of min, percentage and median, and also by making inferences to analyzed the relationship among the variables. The findings of study show that participants positively accepted CTU 101 course with content min average of content 4.1733 (high), teaching 4.0693 (high) and evaluation 3.9996 (high). Besides that, correlation Pearson analysis was used to analyzed the relationship among the variables and for this study, it was found that significant relationship between the acceptance of participants with the content, teaching and evaluation aspect of CTU 101 course.  The high score of each aspect or variable and the significant relationships show that students positively accepted the course. However, a few aspects of the course should be given attention and a few improvements should be done in order to give students good perception towards Islamic Study Course.   Keyword: Acceptance, student, Basic Principle of Islam (CTU 101).

Perceived Job Demands: A Qualitative Study of Stress in Healthcare Workers after Organizational Changes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoume Zeinolabedini ◽  
Alireza Heidarnia ◽  
Ghodratollah Shakeri Nejad ◽  
Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Organizational Change ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Primary Health Care System ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundHealth care workers (HCWs) are at risk for occupational stress. The negative effects of stress HCWs subsequently affect the quality of their job performance. Since 2014, there have been extensive changes in the primary health care system in Iran. Because evidence has shown that organizational change can cause stress in employees, this study was designed and conducted to explore the perceived job demands by HCWs in primary care centers after extensive organizational change.MethodA qualitative study was designed with a content analysis approach. Study data were collected through 11 semi-structured individual interviews and a focus group with HCWs.ResultsParticipants reported high stress at work. They reported various factors as stressful job demands. These factors included: organization's supervisory function (Weakness of the monitoring process, Unfair policies, Apply regulatory pressure), Role features (Role load, Role conflicts, Role ambiguity(,Workload )High workload, Not having time, Great variety of tasks), job insecurity (Lack of job security due to employment status, Concerns about payments, Lack of physical security, Uncertain job future), Working with clients (Different characteristics of clients, Harassment of clients to achieve their expectations, Tensions in client relationships, Lack of knowledge of clients about health care work instructions), Perceived job content (Annoying work with different units of the organization, Monotonous and repetitive tasks, Meaningless tasks, No attractive and no excitement).ConclusionCurrently, HCWs working in health centers are faced with various stressful situations. Most of the factors identified in this study overlap in increasing stress. The impact of workload and organizational oversight on occupational stress seems to be more pronounced. Given the important role of HCWs in promoting health, the design and implementation of effective interventions by policymakers to control stress in HCWs is essential.

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