CONFLICTING NORMS BETWEEN TACIT REFUSAL AND TACIT AUTHORIZATION AND ITS CONTEXTUALIZATION IN THE LIGHT OF GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION LAW

The silence of the Government Administration has two possibilities, Tacit Refusal and Tacit Authorization. Tacit Refusal means that if the government agencies/bodies ignored requests from citizens then it is considered to have rejected the request. Tacit Authorization means if the government agencies/bodies ignored requests from citizens then it is considered to have granted the request. In Indonesia, both the Tacit Refusal and Tacit Authorization have their own places in the laws and regulations. The Law No. 5 of 1986 concerning Administrative Judiciary, rules the Tacit Refusal, meanwhile Law No. 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration, rules the Tacit Authorization. Both cannot be implemented simultaneously because both of them are negating each other. This paper tries to explain the implementation of Tacit Refusal and Tacit Authorization after the enactment of Law No. 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration in the administrative court.

THE URGENCY OF FORMING A SPECIAL POLICE FORCE IN COURTS AS AN EFFORT TO FULFILL THE RIGHT OF PERSONAL SECURITY FOR JUDGES IN INDONESIA

Special police force is not something new in Indonesia. At least there are four special police force in Indonesia namely Prison Guard, Railway Police, Civil Service Police, and Forestry Special Police. Those police force are separated from, but hand in hand with Indonesian Police Force in securing civil society in Indonesia. In regards with the security of judges in Indonesia, this paper tries to argue that they need special police force to guard and secure them. In this paper, it is concluded that it is required to change the Law regarding Judicial Power especially in the part concerning judge’s safety and security. If it is not probable, then creating a special police force in court is a must.

MANAGEMENT OF CASE'S ARCHIVES IN THE COURT FOR ACCESS TO PUBLIC INFORMATION AT THE ADMINISTRATIVE COURT OF MAKASSAR

Since the birth of the reform era in Indonesia the administration of government refers to the principles of Good Governance and General Principles of Good Governance. In order to accommodate the realization of good governance, a Law on Public Information Disclosure was established which mandates that every Public Agency must develop a system of information and documentation to manage Public Information properly and efficiently so that it can be easily accessed. No exception with the Mahkamah Agung which is committed to providing the best service to the public by realizing openness of information in the Court. Administrative Court of Makassar as a judicial body is also inseparable from the obligation to realize information disclosure in the Court. The purpose of this paper is to find out the implementation of the information disclosure service regarding archives at the Administrative Court of Makassar. Data collection is done through field observations and interviews with several related parties.

TO OVERCOME THE CONSTRAINTS OF PROOF IN THE APPLICATION OF ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE

The existence of electronic information and / or electronic documents has been recognized as valid evidence which is an extension of the evidence in the Procedure Law that applies in Indonesia provided that the electronic information and / or electronic documents use electronic systems in accordance with the provisions stipulated in Law No. 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. However, despite the ITE Law as well as several other regulations, it cannot be said that the Indonesian Procedural Law has stipulated electronic evidence in evidence, because the regulation of electronic evidence is in the realm of material law. Proof using electronic evidence at the trial has debates such as the examination of witnesses using the teleconference in the case of BULOG and marriage /consent qobul conducted different countries. Besides there are several other obstacles such as 1. Authentication of electronic evidence 2. Procedures for showing the instrument electronic evidence and 3. Electronic signatures. Responding to these constraints, the renewal of the procedural law must be carried out immediately by including the electronic evidence and changing the evidence system from a closed proof system to an open proof system, in order to accommodate the development of evidence, especially electronic evidence.

RENEWING THE LAW OF ADMINISTRATIVE COURT POST-REFORMATION IN THE ERA OF ELECTRONIC LITIGATION

In the past decade there has been a massive reform in the Indonesian judiciary system, especially regarding State Administrative Court. As from the enactment of Law No. 14 of 2008 concerning Openness of Public Information, until the enactment of Law No. 9 of 2018 concerning Non-Tax State Revenues opened a tap that expands the competence/authority of the State Administrative Court so that not only the authority to adjudicate disputes regarding that of individual-concrete administrative decision (beschikking) but also the authority to adjudicate all types of administrative decisions as long as they are not statutory regulations, and also to adjudicate disputes regarding administrative factual-deed. Morover, within the enactment of Supreme Court Regulation No. 1 of 2019 also opened a new paradigm about Electronic Litigation. This paper will discuss the urgency of renewing the State Administrative Court Law in terms of expanding absolute competence, the implementation of Electronic Litigation, and also about synchronization with other laws and regulations. The method used in this paper is library research that is research that takes resources from relevant literature. In this paper it can be concluded that it is deemed necessary to reform the substance in the obsolete State Administrative Court Law.

ASSESSMENT REGARDING THE NULLITY OR INVALIDITY OF A GOVERNMENTAL ADMINISTRATIVE DECISION AND/OR ACTION

The concept of Nullity (Nietigheid) is very important in administrative law because of the validity of a government act (bestuurshandelingen) either in the form of a decision (besluit) or in the form of an action (Feitelijk Handelingen) depends on the existence of the doctrine regarding Nullity. Since when is a decision declared invalid, and what are the legal consequences, if this is answered by the existence of this Nullity doctrine. Law No. 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration, has more or less changed the paradigm regarding the teachings of annulment from the one held by administrative law experts in Indonesia, especially with regard to the doctrine of abuse of power, which is regulated in several articles in the Government Administration Law. In this paper, it is found that government decisions and/or actions that are canceled or declared invalid have different consequences. This paper uses a normative juridical research method, namely using secondary data in the form of primary and secondary sources of law, both applicable laws and related literature.

LAW RATIO AND LAW IMPLICATION EXAMINATION OF AUTHORITY ABUSE ACCORDING TO LAW OF STATE ADMINISTRATION

In the context of government action as a center point relate to public law protection, state administration jurisdiction along with its function as “judicature” (justiele functie – judicial function) belongs to characteristic of and/or repressive function. However, norm of Article 21 in Act Number 30 in 2014 about State Administration provide authority to State Administration Court to conduct assessments, whether there is any abuse of authority in decision making and/or administrative action (discretion) requested by an institution and/or an official of government administration, brings legal implication in form of a change in legal politic direction related to law enforcement in corruption crime eradication in this country in forms of preventive efforts, which is similarly as important as the corruption crime eradication itself, because corruption crime prevention is a condition sine qua non in corruption crime eradication. Based on the condition of characteristic and/or functions of state administration judiciary which is not merely repressive (merely functioning as “judiciary”), this writing attempts to provide basic of understanding to the judicial development of state administration along with its preventive roles and functions which are related to law enforcement in corruption crime eradication in forms of or types of state financial lost as it is legally defined in law ratio of norm of Article 21 in Act of government administration.

ADMINISTRATIVE DECISIONS WITH POTENTIAL LEGAL CONSEQUENCES AS OBJECT OF DISPUTE IN THE STATE ADMINISTRATIVE COURT

Since the enactment of Law No. 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration, there have been many dynamics of changes in judicial practice in state administrative courts, especially in relation to the object of dispute. One of them is regarding Decisions with Potential Legal Consequences as regulated in Article 87 of the Government Administration Law. The problems that arise are related to the accountability of officials, and also to the declarative decisions and constitutive decisions that are regulated in Article 54 of the Government Administration Law. In this paper it is found that officials who issue declarative decisions are not necessarily free from administrative responsibility and the validity of their decisions is determined by the validity of constitutive decisions (as decisions that have the potential to have legal consequences) on which the declarative decisions are issued. This paper uses a normative-legal research method, namely using secondary data in the form of primary and secondary sources of law, both applicable laws and related literatures.

INDONESIAN LEGAL PLURALISM FOR STATE ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGES: BETWEEN CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

This research is explaining the challenges and opportunities for the resolution of administrative disputes by administration judges as executors of the judicial authority to examine, decide and resolve disputes in the reality of legal pluralism in Indonesia. To analyze the legal issues, this research presents the concepts of legal pluralism and then sees how the implications for the implementation of the authority of administration judges in the process of dispute resolution. This study is important because law enforcement and justice by the judiciary in the midst of legal pluralism have provided challenges and opportunities for judges in order to ensure court decisions are able to answer legal needs and provide substantive justice for justice seekers.

IMPEACHMENT OF STUDENT REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENT IN THE UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA’ BOARD OF TRUSTEES ACCORDING TO ADMINISTRATIVE LAW VIEWPOINT

Law No. 12 of 2012 regarding Higher Education constitute that Higher Education Institution is required to have a Organizing Organization(s) of Higher Education. Universitas Indonesia (UI) as a State University which was regulated in Government Regulation No. 68 of 2013 regarding the Statute of the University of Indonesia (Statute of UI) has a Board of Trustees of the University of Indonesia (MWA UI) which is one of the Organizing Organizations of Higher Education in UI. One element in the MWA UI is the student representative element (MWA UI UM) which is elected once a year by all UI students in a democratic way, and is appointed and discharged based on recommendations from the Academic Senate of the University of Indonesia which is then determined through a Ministerial Decision (Ministry of education). But then the Intra-Campus Student Organizations in UI regulate the impeachment mechanism of MWA UI UM beside the election. Does the impeachment of the MWA UI UM by the Intra-Campus Student Organization of UI have a legal impact on the status of the MWA UI UM membership at the MWA UI? Then how is the mechanism of impeachment / "dishonorably discharged" for members of the MWA UI UM if the proposal for impeachment comes from Student Organizations in UI? These two questions will be discussed in this article. The method used in this paper is literature study about student organizations of UI, and related laws and regulations.