The Relationship between Low-Grade Inflammation and Muscle Mass, Strength, and Physical Performance in a Geriatric Out-Patient Population

The worldwide population is facing a double burden of epidemic, the COVID-19and obesity. This is even more alarming as obesity increases the COVID-19 severity. However, the relationship between obesity and COVID-19 severity is more complex than a simple association with BMI. In particular, obesity has been associated with low death rates in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, a fatal comorbidity to COVID-19, possibly due to the obesity paradox. Also, visceral adiposity could be a major risk factor for COVID- -19severity, due to its immune activation component, release of ACE2 and involvement in the cytokine storm, It is also known to correlate with metabolic disorders, low-grade inflammation and higher mortality rates.

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Relationship between Gout and Diabetes Mellitus after Acute Pancreatitis: A Nationwide Cohort Study

The Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.3899/jrheum.190487 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

pp. 917-923 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jaelim Cho ◽

Nicola Dalbeth ◽

Maxim S. Petrov

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Social Deprivation ◽

First Episode ◽

Low Grade ◽

Discharge Data ◽

History Of ◽

Low Grade Inflammation ◽

The Relationship

Objective.After acute pancreatitis, individuals often have low-grade inflammation, and subsequently develop metabolic sequelae such as post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus (PPDM). Although numerous studies have investigated the relationship between gout and type 2 diabetes, little is known about the relationship between gout and PPDM. The aim was to investigate the associations between gout and PPDM.Methods.Using nationwide pharmaceutical dispensing data linked to hospital discharge data in New Zealand, gout and PPDM were identified among individuals after first episode of acute pancreatitis between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2015. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were conducted, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, social deprivation index, alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, comorbidities, medications (glucocorticoids, statins, and estrogens), and characteristics of acute pancreatitis.Results.A total of 10,117 individuals were included in the analysis of risk for gout and 9471 in the analysis of risk for PPDM. PPDM was significantly associated with a higher risk of gout in the overall cohort (adjusted HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.15–3.06) and women (2.72, 95% CI 1.31–5.65), but not in men (1.42, 95% CI 0.73–2.78). Preexisting gout was significantly associated with a higher risk of PPDM in the overall cohort (adjusted HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.04–2.41) and women (2.66, 95% CI 1.29–5.49), but not in men (1.31, 95% CI 0.78–2.20).Conclusion.The relationship between gout and PPDM is bidirectional in the post-pancreatitis setting. A history of gout is a risk factor of PPDM, particularly in women.

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease: assessing the evidence for causality

Diabetologia ◽

10.1007/s00125-019-05024-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 253-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Martijn C. G. J. Brouwers ◽

Nynke Simons ◽

Coen D. A. Stehouwer ◽

Aaron Isaacs

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Plasma Lipids ◽

Low Grade ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Important Mediator ◽

Low Grade Inflammation ◽

The Relationship ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent among individuals with type 2 diabetes. Although epidemiological studies have shown that NAFLD is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), it remains unknown whether NAFLD is an active contributor or an innocent bystander. Plasma lipids, low-grade inflammation, impaired fibrinolysis and hepatokines are potential mediators of the relationship between NAFLD and CVD. The Mendelian randomisation approach can help to make causal inferences. Studies that used common variants in PNPLA3, TM6SF2 and GCKR as instruments to investigate the relationship between NAFLD and coronary artery disease (CAD) have reported contrasting results. Variants in PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 were found to protect against CAD, whereas variants in GCKR were positively associated with CAD. Since all three genes have been associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, the second stage of NAFLD, the question of whether low-grade inflammation is an important mediator of the relationship between NAFLD and CAD arises. In contrast, the differential effects of these genes on plasma lipids (i.e. lipid-lowering for PNPLA3 and TM6SF2, and lipid-raising for GCKR) strongly suggest that plasma lipids account for their differential effects on CAD risk. This concept has recently been confirmed in an extended set of 12 NAFLD susceptibility genes. From these studies it appears that plasma lipids are an important mediator between NAFLD and CVD risk. These findings have important clinical implications, particularly for the design of anti-NAFLD drugs that also affect lipid metabolism.

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Increased Gustatory Response Score in Obesity and Association Levels with IL-6 and Leptin

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2016/7924052 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nesrine Remla ◽

Zeyneb Hadjidj ◽

Kamel Ghezzaz ◽

Soraya Moulessehoul ◽

Mourad Aribi

Keyword(s):

Low Grade ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Odds Ratio Estimate ◽

Taste Alteration ◽

Low Grade Inflammation ◽

The Relationship ◽

Circulating Levels ◽

Response Score ◽

Control Study

Background. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the circulating IL-6 and leptin levels with taste alteration in young obese patients.Methods. A retrospective case-control study was conducted in thirty obese patients and thirty age- and sex-matched healthy controls.Results. Circulating levels of IL-6 and leptin were significantly increased in obese patients than in controls. However, catalase and ORAC levels were significantly decreased in obese patients compared to controls. Additionally, obese participants had high scores for the detection of fats (gustatory response scores [GRS];p<0.001). Moreover, IL-6 and leptin were strongly associated with GRS alteration among patients with GRS 4 (resp., OR =17.5 [95% CI, 1.56–193.32;p=0.007]; OR = 16 [95% CI, 1.69–151.11;p=0.006]). For the Mantel-Haenszel common odds ratio estimate (MH OR), IL-6 and leptin were strongly associated with obesity, in patients with either GRS 4 or GRS > 4 (resp., MH OR = 8.77 [95% CI, 2.06–37.44;p=0.003]; MH OR = 5.76 [95% CI, 1.64–20.24;p=0.006]).Conclusions. In a low grade inflammation linked to obesity, taste alteration is associated with high levels of IL-6 and leptin.

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Lifestyle and biological factors influence the relationship between mental health and low-grade inflammation

10.1101/609768 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

A Gialluisi ◽

M Bonaccio ◽

A Di Castelnuovo ◽

S Costanzo ◽

A De Curtis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Low Grade ◽

Full Model ◽

Biological Factors ◽

Distribution Width ◽

Low Grade Inflammation ◽

The Relationship

AbstractMental health modulates the risk of common chronic conditions like cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes. Although inflammation is thought to partly explain this link, its relation with mental health is still unclear and largely unexplored.We investigated three scales assessing psychological resilience (CD-RISC), depression symptoms (PHQ8) and mental wellbeing (SF36-MCS) in an Italian adult population cohort (Nmax=16,952). We performed stepwise generalized linear models to test the association between each scale and INFLA-score, a composite blood-based inflammation index. At each step, a class of potential mediators was included in the model, namely health conditions, lifestyle factors, or both (full model). Full model analysis was also conducted on single blood markers involved in the inflammatory process.In the baseline model, we observed significant associations of PHQ8 (standardized β=0.024, p=8.9×10−3) and SF36-MCS (β = −0.021, p=7×10−3) with INFLA-score. These associations survived adjustment for health conditions but not for lifestyle factors, which explained 81% and 17% of the association with PHQ8 and SF36-MCS, respectively. Significant associations (p<4.2×10−3) after mediator adjustment were observed for single low-grade inflammation markers, including platelet distribution width (with PHQ8 and CD-RISC), granulocyte-and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios, monocyte and lymphocyte fractions (with SF36-MCS).These findings suggest that the relationship between mental health and low-grade inflammation is largely influenced by lifestyle. However, the associations with specific biomarkers related to inflammation are partly independent and might be explained by biological factors. Interestingly, these associations are in line with recent blood transcriptomic analyses of depressed subjects, reporting up- and down-regulation of genes related to innate and adaptive immunity, respectively.

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Inflammation and hemocoagulation

Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) ◽

10.18821/0023-2149-2017-95-2-101-105 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 101-105

Author(s):

Igor N. Bokarev

Keyword(s):

Blood Coagulation ◽

Living Organism ◽

Coagulation System ◽

Low Grade ◽

Blood Coagulation System ◽

The World ◽

Definition Of ◽

Low Grade Inflammation ◽

The Relationship

Problems of inflammation are extensively studied all over the world. Its mechanisms are known to involve hundreds of factors. The blood coagulation system is a major component of each living organism. This article was designed to analyze the relationship between inflammation and hemocoagulation and discuss definition of the term “low-grade inflammation” with reference to the blood coagulation system.

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Desarrollo de la fuerza muscular en niños como estrategia para disminuir el riesgo de enfermedad cardiometabólica

Revista Colombiana de Endocrinología, Diabetes & Metabolismo ◽

10.53853/encr.1.1.55 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 5-10

Author(s):

Patricio López Jaramillo ◽

Daniel Dylan Cohen ◽

Paul Anthony Camacho ◽

Jessica Hernández Durán ◽

Diego Gómez Arbeláez

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Low Income ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Low Grade ◽

Resistencia A La Insulina ◽

Factores De Riesgo ◽

Low Grade Inflammation

Los factores de riesgo para las enfermedades cardiometabólicas (ECM) como la obesidad, la resistencia a la insulina y el síndrome metabólico tienen su inicio en la infancia. Existe evidencia de que la adiposidad infantil se relaciona con factores de riesgo para presentar enfermedad cardiovascular en la vida adulta, principalmente en la población hispana, en la cual se ha observado mayor vulnerabilidad para desarrollar enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Las altas tasas de morbimortalidad secundaria a enfermedades cardiovasculares en países de medianos y bajos ingresos económicos como Colombia, demanda profundizar en el estudio de los mecanismos que relacionan las bases biológicas y epigenéticas de la programación fetal y el riesgo de presentar ECM. Nosotros hemos publicado evidencias de que nuestra población tiene una alta sensibilidad para presentar inflamación de bajo grado y resistencia a la insulina a menores niveles de adiposidad visceral, asociada a una menor fuerza de empuñadura, la cual es un marcador del contenido de masa muscular. Proponemos que mejorar la condición física, sobre todo la capacidad aeróbica y la fuerza muscular, es una intervención efectiva para disminuir el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad cardiovascular en niños y adolescentes colombianos, al disminuir la masa grasa, los marcadores de inflamación crónica de bajo grado y mejorar la cantidad y calidad de la masa muscular.Abstract Risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome arise during childhood. There is evidence that adiposity in children is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease later in life, particularly among the Hispanic population, where vulnerability for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases is greater. The high mortality and morbidity rates of cardiovascular disease in middle-and low-income countries such as Colombia, makes it necessary to delve deeper into the mechanisms related to the biological and epigenetic basis of fetal programming, and the risk to develop cardiometabolic diseases.Based in our published studies, we have evidence that our population is highly prone to having chronic low- grade inflammation and insulin resistance at lower levels of visceral adiposity, associated with a weaker handgrip, a muscle mass marker. Therefore, we propose that improving physical condition, more particularly aerobic capacity and muscle strength, is an effective intervention to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease in Colombian children and adolescents, through a decrease in the fat mass, chronic low- grade inflammation markers, and an improvement in both the quality and amount of muscle mass.

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Abstract MP13: Evaluation Of The Effect Of Low Grade Inflammation And Hypertension On The Development Of White Matter Lesions

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.78.suppl_1.mp13 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Chris Woldstad ◽

Henry Rusinek ◽

Elizabeth Sweeney ◽

Tracy Butler ◽

Yi Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

White Matter Lesions ◽

Low Grade ◽

Entire Cohort ◽

Flair Sequence ◽

Inflammatory Score ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Fazekas Scale ◽

Low Grade Inflammation ◽

The Relationship

Introduction: The risk of degenerative disease development is closely linked to persistent and continuous systemic inflammation. Although relationships between chronic low-grade inflammation (LGI) measurements and the progression of cardiovascular diseases are becoming established, the burden of the cardio-pathology and LGI on the central nervous system has not been fully investigated. Specifically, there is limited data on how hypertension (HTN) and related LGI impact white matter lesion (WML) pathogenesis. Methods: We examined 448 subjects with a mean age of 69.3 ± 7.4 years, with 62% of the cohort being women (n=276), and 45% having hypertension (n=200). Components of the LGI score included white blood cell count, albumin levels, platelet counts, and granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio, modified after. Larger LGI scores represented an increase in measured LGI intensity at that time point. MR images were obtained on a 3T system using fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence. WML burden was ascertained using Fazekas scale, done separately for both deep WML and periventricular WML. Summated score of greater than or equal to 4 was considered high overall WML burden. Results: It was found that subjects with hypertension had significantly higher LGI score when compared to subjects without hypertension after accounting for sex and BMI (F=4.8, p=0.03). Using logistic regression. we found that LGI score was related to higher WML burden (p=0.047) within the entire cohort. However, further analyses have shown that this finding was driven by the normotensive group, in which the relationship between higher WML burden and respective LGI score was significant (p=0.007). This was not the case among hypertensive subjects. Conclusion: It is clear from the data presented that a relationship between LGI and hypertension exists, confirming that inflammation is an underlying process in cardiovascular pathogenesis. However, LGI scores were related to WML in only normotensive cohorts. We offer that the effects of chronic HTN (related to higher inflammatory score itself ) overshadow the effect of LGI among hypertensive subjects. It is worth emphasizing that even in subjects without HTN white matter damage is related to LGI

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