scholarly journals Desarrollo de la fuerza muscular en niños como estrategia para disminuir el riesgo de enfermedad cardiometabólica

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Patricio López Jaramillo ◽  
Daniel Dylan Cohen ◽  
Paul Anthony Camacho ◽  
Jessica Hernández Durán ◽  
Diego Gómez Arbeláez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Resistencia A La Insulina ◽  
Factores De Riesgo ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Los factores de riesgo para las enfermedades cardiometabólicas (ECM) como la obesidad, la resistencia a la insulina y el síndrome metabólico tienen su inicio en la infancia. Existe evidencia de que la adiposidad infantil se relaciona con factores de riesgo para presentar enfermedad cardiovascular en la vida adulta, principalmente en la población hispana, en la cual se ha observado mayor vulnerabilidad para desarrollar enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Las altas tasas de morbimortalidad secundaria a enfermedades cardiovasculares en países de medianos y bajos ingresos económicos como Colombia, demanda profundizar en el estudio de los mecanismos que relacionan las bases biológicas y epigenéticas de la programación fetal y el riesgo de presentar ECM. Nosotros hemos publicado evidencias de que nuestra población tiene una alta sensibilidad para presentar inflamación de bajo grado y resistencia a la insulina a menores niveles de adiposidad visceral, asociada a una menor fuerza de empuñadura, la cual es un marcador del contenido de masa muscular. Proponemos que mejorar la condición física, sobre todo la capacidad aeróbica y la fuerza muscular, es una intervención efectiva para disminuir el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad cardiovascular en niños y adolescentes colombianos, al disminuir la masa grasa, los marcadores de inflamación crónica de bajo grado y mejorar la cantidad y calidad de la masa muscular.Abstract Risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome arise during childhood. There is evidence that adiposity in children is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease later in life, particularly among the Hispanic population, where vulnerability for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases is greater. The high mortality and morbidity rates of cardiovascular disease in middle-and low-income countries such as Colombia, makes it necessary to delve deeper into the mechanisms related to the biological and epigenetic basis of fetal programming, and the risk to develop cardiometabolic diseases.Based in our published studies, we have evidence that our population is highly prone to having chronic low- grade inflammation and insulin resistance at lower levels of visceral adiposity, associated with a weaker handgrip, a muscle mass marker. Therefore, we propose that improving physical condition, more particularly aerobic capacity and muscle strength, is an effective intervention to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease in Colombian children and adolescents, through a decrease in the fat mass, chronic low- grade inflammation markers, and an improvement in both the quality and amount of muscle mass.

scholarly journals The Impact of Insulin Resistance and Chronic Kidney Disease on Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117955141879225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantine E Kosmas ◽  
Delia Silverio ◽  
Christiana Tsomidou ◽  
Maria D Salcedo ◽  
Peter D Montan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

There is extensive evidence showing that insulin resistance (IR) is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. Furthermore, IR has been shown to increase the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), even in nondiabetic patients, and is currently considered as a “nontraditional” risk factor contributing to CVD by promoting hypertension, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is also considered a state of low-grade inflammation. In addition, CKD is considered an IR state and has been described as an independent risk factor for the development of CVD, as even early-stage CKD is associated with an estimated 40% to 100% increase in CVD risk. There is also strong evidence indicating that inflammation per se plays a crucial role in both the initiation and progression of CVD. Given the above, the combined effect of IR and CKD may significantly increase the risk of inflammation and CVD. This review aims to focus on the complex interplay between IR, CKD, inflammation, and CVD and will present and discuss the current clinical and scientific data pertaining to the impact of IR and CKD on inflammation and CVD.

Abstract P195: High-density Lipoprotein Subfractions Are Associated With Low-grade Inflammation, Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome Components: The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliano Generoso ◽  
Isabela J Bensenor ◽  
Raul D Santos ◽  
Itamar S Santos ◽  
Alessandra C Goulart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Lipoprotein Subfractions ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Background: HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) can be divided into subfractions, which may have variable association with atherogenic process. There are mixed results about the association between HDL-C subfractions and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Hypothesis: HDL-C subfractions have different associations with metabolic syndrome, low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance. Methods: 4,532 individuals between 35 and 74 years without previous cardiovascular disease not in use of fibrates were enrolled. HDL-C subfractions were separated by vertical ultracentrifugation (Vertical Auto Profile - in mg/dl) in HDL 2 -C and HDL 3 -C. HDL 2 -C/HDL 3 -C ratio, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) were also included in the analysis. Results: The mean age was 51 ± 9 years, and 54.8% were women. In univariate analysis, HDL-C, HDL 2 -C, and HDL 3 -C were all inversely associated with each of the MetS defining factors, HOMA-IR values, and serum CRP. It was also observed a negative association between HDL 2 -C/HDL 3 -C ratio with the variables mentioned above even after adjusting for smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, and HDL-C levels (p <0.01). Conclusion: HDL-C and both subfractions are inversely associated with all the factors that define MetS, insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation. Additionally, the HDL 2 -C/HDL 3 -C subfractions ratio assessed by VAP is also significantly associated with the former factors even after further adjustment for total HDL-C and other confounding variables.

Vascular abnormalities and low-grade chronic inflammation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: Relationships with insulin resistance, obesity and hyperandrogenemia

Open Medicine ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana Ilie ◽  
Carmen Pepene ◽  
Ileana Duncea ◽  
Razvan Ilie
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is possibly the most common endocrinopathy of reproductive age, characterized by hyperandrogenism and oligomenorrhea. Additionally, approximately one-third to one-half of all women and adolescent girls with PCOS tend to fulfill many of the metabolic syndrome criteria, and many view PCOS as a premetabolic syndrome condition, predisposing to a high risk for cardiovascular disease. Endothelial dysfunction, impaired arterial structure, or proinflammatory markers are early features of atherosclerosis, and can be used as surrogate indicators of future coronary artery disease in women with PCOS. However, as the latest studies show, these symptoms are the result of deleterious effects that cardiovascular risk factors, in particular insulin resistance and obesity, produce on the vascular wall, rather than to the presence of PCOS per se. The relationship between hyperandrogenemia and the risk of cardiovascular disease is controversial and needs to be clarified. Further research is warranted to understand the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in PCOS, and to identify subtypes of PCOS in which the presence of cardiovascular risk factors may result in increased cardiovascular events, leading to high morbidity or mortality rates caused by cardiovascular disease.

A Cross-sectional Study of the Clinical Profile of Children With Cerebral Palsy in Benin, a West African Low-Income Country

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (13) ◽  
pp. 842-850
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Segnon Sogbossi ◽  
Damienne Houekpetodji ◽  
Toussaint G. Kpadonou ◽  
Yannick Bleyenheuft
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Classification System ◽  
West African ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Low Income Country ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy is a common cause of pediatric motor disability. Although there are increasing amounts of data on the clinical profile of children with cerebral palsy in high-income countries, corresponding information about low-income countries and developing countries is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to describe the clinical spectrum of cerebral palsy in children in Benin, a representative West African low-income country. Our cross-sectional observational study included 114 children with cerebral palsy recruited from community-based rehabilitation centers and teaching hospitals (median age: 7 years, range 2-17; sex: 66% male). Data were collected through review of medical records and interviews with children’s mothers. Assessment included risk factors, clinical subtypes according to the Surveillance of CP in Europe criteria, severity of motor outcome scored by the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Manual Ability Classification System, comorbidities, and school attendance. We recorded a high prevalence of intrapartum adverse events. Seventeen percent of children had postneonatal cerebral palsy, with cerebral malaria being the most common cause. Most children were severely affected (67.5% as bilateral spastic; 54.4% as GMFCS IV or V), but severity declined substantially with age. Only 23% of the children with cerebral palsy had attended school. Poor motor outcomes and comorbidities were associated with school nonattendance. These results suggest that intrapartum risk factors and postnatal cerebral malaria in infants are opportune targets for prevention of cerebral palsy in Sub-Saharan low-income countries.

scholarly journals The impact of obesity on cardiovascular disease risk factor

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
The World

Obesity has emerged as the most potential cardiovascular risk factor and has raised concern among public and their health related issues not only in developed but also in developing countries. The Worldwide obesity occurrence has almost has gone three times since 1975. Research suggests there are about 775 million obese people in the World including adult, children, and adolescents. Nearly 50% of the children who are obese and overweight in Asia in are below 5 years. There is a steep incline of childhood obesity when compared to 1971 which is not only in developed countries but also in developing countries. A considerable amount of weight gain occurs during the transition phase from adolescence to young adulthood. It is also suggested that those adultswho were obese in childhood also remained obese in their adulthood with a higher metabolic risk than those who became obese in their adulthood. In India, the urban Indian female in the age group of 30-45 years have emerged as an 〝at risk population” for cardiovascular diseases. To understand how obesity can influence cardiovascular function, it becomes immense important to understand the changes which can take place in adipose tissue due to obesity. There are two proposed concepts explaining the inflammatory status of macrophage. The predominant cause of insulin resistance is obesity. Epidemiological and research studies have indicated that the pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic dysfunction involves the development of a systemic, low-grade inflammatory state. It is becoming clear that targeting the pro-inflammatory pathwaymay provide a novel therapeutic approach to prevent insulin resistance, particularly in obesity inducedinsulin resistance. Some cost effective interventions that are feasible by all and can be implemented even in low-resource settings includes - population-wide and individual, which are recommended to be used in combination to reduce the greatest cardiovascular disease burden. The sixth target in the Global NCD action plan is to reduce the prevalence of hypertension by 25%. Reducing the incidence of hypertension by implementing population-wide policies to educe behavioral risk factors. Reducing cigarette smoking, body weight, blood pressure, blood cholesterol, and blood glucose all have a beneficial impact on major biological cardiovascular risk factors. A variety of lifestyle modifications have been shown, in clinical trials, to lower bloodpressure, includes weight loss, physical activity, moderation of alcohol intake, increased fresh fruit and vegetables and reduced saturated fat in the diet, reduction of dietary sodium intake, andincreased potassium intake. Also, trials of reduction of saturated fat and its partial replacement by unsaturated fats have improved dyslipidaemia and lowered risk of cardiovascular events. This initiative driven by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, State Governments, Indian Council of Medical Research and the World Health Organization are remarkable. The Government of India has adopted a national action plan for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) with specific targets to be achieved by 2025, including a 25% reduction inoverall mortality from cardiovascular diseases, a 25% relative reduction in the prevalence of raised blood pressure and a 30% reduction in salt/sodium intake. In a nutshell increased BMI values can predict the nature of obesity and its aftermaths in terms inflammation and other disease associated with obesity. It’s high time; we must realize it and keep an eye on health status in order to live long and healthy life.

scholarly journals Influence of methyltestosterone postmenopausal therapy on plasma lipids, inflammatory factors, glucose metabolism and visceral fat: a randomized study

2006 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenora M Camarate S M Leão ◽  
Mônica Peres C Duarte ◽  
Dalva Margareth B Silva ◽  
Paulo Roberto V Bahia ◽  
Cláudia Medina Coeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: There has been a growing interest in treating postmenopausal women with androgens. However, hyperandrogenemia in females has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Objective: We aimed to assess the effects of androgen replacement on cardiovascular risk factors. Design: Thirty-seven postmenopausal women aged 42–62 years that had undergone hysterectomy were prospectively enrolled in a double-blind protocol to receive, for 12 months, percutaneous estradiol (E2) (1 mg/day) combined with either methyltestosterone (MT) (1.25 mg/day) or placebo. Methods: Along with treatment, we evaluated serum E2, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index, lipids, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein; glucose tolerance; insulin resistance; blood pressure; body-mass index; and visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat mass as assessed by computed tomography. Results: A significant reduction in SHBG (P < 0.001) and increase in free testosterone index (P < 0.05; Repeated measures analysis of variance) were seen in the MT group. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, fibrinogen, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lowered to a similar extent by both regimens, but high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased only in the androgen group. MT-treated women showed a modest rise in body weight and gained visceral fat mass relative to the other group (P < 0.05), but there were no significant detrimental effects on fasting insulin levels and insulin resistance. Conclusion: This study suggests that the combination of low-dose oral MT and percutaneous E2, for 1 year, does not result in expressive increase of cardiovascular risk factors. This regimen can be recommended for symptomatic postmenopausal women, although it seems prudent to perform baseline and follow-up lipid profile and assessment of body composition, especially in those at high risk of cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Knowledge and understanding of cardiovascular disease risk factors in Sierra Leone: a qualitative study of patients’ and community leaders’ perceptions

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e038523
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Ignatowicz ◽  
Maria Lisa Odland ◽  
Tahir Bockarie ◽  
Haja Wurie ◽  
Rashid Ansumana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Major Barrier

ObjectivesPrevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVDRF) is increasing, especially in low-income countries. In Sierra Leone, there are no previous studies on the knowledge and the awareness of these conditions in the community. This study aimed to explore the knowledge and understanding of CVDRF, as well as the perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to accessing care for these conditions, among patients and community leaders in Sierra Leone.DesignQualitative study employing semistructured interviews and focus group discussions.SettingUrban and rural Bo District, Sierra Leone.ParticipantsInterviews with a purposive sample of 37 patients and two focus groups with six to nine community leaders.ResultsWhile participants possessed general knowledge of their conditions, the level and complexity of this knowledge varied widely. There were clear gaps in knowledge regarding the coexistence of CVDRF and their consequences, as well as the link between behavioural factors and CVDRF. An overarching theme from the data was the need to create an understanding and awareness of CVDRF in the community in order to prevent and improve management of these conditions. Cost was also seen as a major barrier to accessing care for CVDRFs.ConclusionsThe knowledge gaps identified in this study highlight the need to design strategies and interventions that improve knowledge and recognition of CVDRF in the community. Interventions should specifically consider how to develop and enhance awareness about CVDRF and their consequences. They should also consider how patients seek help and where they access it.

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