Synthesis of Activated Carbon from Cocos Nucifera Leaves Agrowaste by Chemical Activation Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
Abhijit Jadhav ◽  
◽  
Govindraj Mohanraj ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Activation Method ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Systematic Change ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Impregnation Ratio

Activated carbon from Cocos nucifera leaves agrowaste was derived. The effect of impregnation ratio was studied by chemical activation method using phosphoric acid as an activating agent. Activated carbon was produced at the activation temperature of 673 K by slow pyrolysis. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms study was performed. Effect of impregnation ratio on the yield, methylene blue number, iodine number, and acid adsorption was studied. The FT-IR spectra show the presence of activated carbon. The TGA investigation reveals that activated carbon is thermally stable at 723 K. The SEM images show the incorporation of activated carbon particles which lead to the systematic change in the morphology of activated carbon. Surface chemistry study predicts the acidic and basic functional groups of Cocos nucifera leaves activated carbon.

A Highly Efficient Activated Carbon by Chemical Activation Method for Adsorption of Paraquat (Toxin)

2013 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 471-477
Author(s):  
Md Mokhlesur Rahman ◽  
Mohamed Awang ◽  
Mohosina Bintey Shajahan ◽  
Tariq Abdul Razak ◽  
Kamaruzzaman Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Activation Method ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Adsorption Ability ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Surface Areas

The optimum condition for preparing a highly efficient activated carbon has been investigated in this work. The effects of different activation temperatures on the pore structure and surface morphology of highly efficient activated carbon (AC) derived from waste palm shell by chemical activation method using phosphoric acid as activating agent were studied. For activation, different activation temperatures in the range of 550 °C-650 °C were carried out. Activated carbon with well developed pore size were produced at activation temperature of 600 °C for 2 hours. At this temperature the Brunauer , Emmett and Teller (BET) surface areas are 1287 m2g-1, the total pore volume for adsorption and desorption are 0.742 cm3 g-1. Scanning Electron Microscope also confirmed the porosity of the highly efficient activated carbon. Finally it was tested in vitro to determine its adsorbing capacity for paraquat as a toxin. For optimum adsorption ability of activated carbon for paraquat, 0.9% NaCl solution is the most suitable solvent. The paraquat preferentially adsorbed onto the activated carbon in NaCl solution. The adsorption ability of the activated carbon (the amount adsorbed) for paraquat observed to be 99.9 mg g-1.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Activation Temperature on the Structural Properties of the Activated Carbon Xerogels and Their Electrochemical Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Khanh Nguyen Quach ◽  
Wein-Duo Yang ◽  
Zen-Ja Chung ◽  
Hoai Lam Tran
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Carbon Xerogel ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Carbon Xerogels ◽  
Xerogel Sample ◽  
Xrd And Tem

The effect of activation temperature on the structural properties and the electrochemical performance of KOH-activated carbon xerogel was investigated in range of 700 to 1000°C. At a high temperature (1000°C), the chemical activation regenerated a more crystalline network structure of activated carbon xerogels, which was observed by Raman, XRD, and TEM images. Additionally, SEM images, BET, BJH, and t-plot were used to study the structural properties of carbon xerogels. The carbon xerogel sample activated at 900°C was found with the most appropriate structure, which has the high micropore area and a more-balanced porosity between the micropores and mesopores, for using as an electrode material. The highest obtained specific capacitance value was 270 Fg−1 in 6 M KOH electrolyte at scan rate of 5 mVs−1 from the cyclic voltammetry.

Study on the Preparation of Activated Carbon from Corncobs

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 1398-1403
Author(s):  
Jun Han Li ◽  
Shao Li Yang ◽  
Ning Sun ◽  
Lan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Activator Concentration ◽  
Activation Effect ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

The impact of activator varieties on the activation effect in preparing activated carbon with corncob adopting chemical activation process were researched in this paper, the results showed that phosphoric acid as the activator was much better than potassium hydroxide and zinc chloride. It was deduced from the orthogonal experiment results that the impact of activation temperature on the activation effect is the greatest, impregnation ratio takes the second place, and the activator concentration the least. Suitable parameters of activation process were obtained: when the activator concentration is 50%, activation temperature 500°C, impregnation ratio 2.7:1, the iodine value of activated carbon is 822.08mg/g.

scholarly journals A novel approach for producing low cost and highly efficient activated carbon for removing cationic dyes

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Fatiha Moughaoui ◽  
Amine Ouaket ◽  
Asmae Laaraibi ◽  
Souad Hamdouch ◽  
Zoubida Anbaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Cationic Dyes ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Good Agreement

Chemical activation was used to prepare a low-cost activated carbon (AC) from an agricultural waste material: sugarcane bagasse. It was used as a green biosorbent for the removal of two cationic dyes from aqueous solutions (Methylene blue (MB) and Malachite Green (MG)). Central composite design (CCD) using response surface methodology (RSM) was applied in this work in order to run a limited number of experiments. The possibility of revealing the interaction of three selected factors: activation temperature, activation time, and chemical impregnation ratios at different levels for the process of preparing the AC were studied. Two-second order quadratic regression models for a yield of AC and capacity of adsorption were developed using JMP Software.The results of the process of optimization were carried out; it showed a good agreement between the predictive response of RSM model and the obtained experimental values with high correlation coefficients (R2) which indicates the efficacy of the model. The optimal activated carbon was obtained using 400°C activation temperature, 36 min activation time, and 2 impregnation ratio, resulting in 63.12 % of AC yield and 99.86 % for MB removal and 400°C activation temperature, 90 min activation time and 2 impregnation ratio, resulting in 45.69 % of AC yield and 99.75 % for MG removal. Moreover, the comparison between the experimental and the predicted values at optimum conditions was in good agreement with relatively small errors.This work showed the effectiveness and the performance of preparing activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse, and it recommended as an effective and green biosorbent for the removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solutions.

Preparation of Pruning Mulberry Shoot-Based Activated Carbon by ZnCl2 Activation

2011 ◽  
Vol 282-283 ◽  
pp. 407-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wang ◽  
Ning Qiu ◽  
Huan Wu ◽  
Fu An Wu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
New Type ◽  
Biomass Materials ◽  
Activating Agent ◽  
Mb Adsorption

This paper reports the preparation of activated carbon from a new type of agricultural biomass materials, pruning mulberry shoot, by ZnCl2activation. The experiments in this study vary the parameters of ZnCl2activation procedures, such as concentration and impregnation ratio of the activating agent, temperature and time of chemical activation. The experimental results indicated that with a ZnCl2concentration of 50%, an impregnation ratio of 2:1, an activation temperature of 850 °C, and an activation time of 90 min, the activated carbon with better iodine and MB adsorption capacity were 1422.40 mg/g and 163.54mg/g, respectively. Therefore, the optimal preparation process of activated carbon from pruning mulberry shoot was successfully achieved by using single-factor method in this study, which can be used as adsorbents for various environmental applications.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON SYNTHESIS USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY TO ENHANCE H2S REMOVAL FROM REFINERY WASTEWATER

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Omar Abed Habeeb ◽  
Ramesh Kanthasamy ◽  
Gomaa A. M. Ali ◽  
Rosli Mohd Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Influential Variable

The main point of this study is to investigate the optimal conditions for preparation of activated carbon from wood sawdust (ACWSD) for removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from wastewater. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to prepare the ACWSD by chemical activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH). The threepreparation  variables impact of activation temperature (724 – 1000 °C), KOH: precursor (wt%) impregnation ratio (IR) (2:1 – 4:1) and activation time (60 – 120 min) on removal efficiency (RE, %) of H2S and activated carbon yield (ACY, %) were investigated. The preparation parameters were correlated by developing a quadratic model depend on the central composite design (CCD) to the two responses. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was identified the most influential variable on each experimental design responses. The results showed that the temperature of 854 °C, chemical impregnation ratio of 2.95 wt% and activation time of 80 min were the optimum conditions for preparation of ACWSD with responses of RE and ACY of 72.88 % and 31.89 %, respectively. It is concluded that the ACWSD was appeared to be a favorable substance for removal of dissolved H2S from synthetic wastewater.

scholarly journals Preparation of Activated Carbons based Balanites Aegyptiaca Shells by Chemical Activation: Optimization Conditions Using the Methodology of Experimental Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rene B. N. Lekene ◽  
Naphtali O. Ankoro ◽  
Ndi J. Nsami ◽  
Daouda Kouotou ◽  
Abdoul N. Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Carbon Yield ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Methylene Blue Number

The optimization conditions of preparation of activated carbons based Balanites aegytiaca shells by chemical activation was investigated. The effects of three parameters of preparation namely, the activation temperature (600-800 °C), impregnation ratio (1:4-3:8) and residence time (60-120 min) were thoroughly studied on the activated carbon yield (Yld, Y1), iodine number (ION,Y2) and methylene blue number (MBN, Y3) using the Methodology of Experimental Design (MED). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) under the experimental domain revealed that, the activation temperature of 800 °C, residence time of 02hrs and impregnation ratio of 1:2 were the optimum conditions of preparation leading to activated carbon yield of 23.0%, iodine number of 889.0 mg/g and methylene blue number of 9.7 mg/g. The polynomial equation showed that the three parameters were both synergetic and antagonistic on the responses retained. The higher values of iodine numbers obtained alongside the experimental matrix is an indication that the activated carbons so prepared were mainly microporous.

scholarly journals A novel approach for producing low cost and highly efficient activated carbon for removing cationic dyes

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Fatiha Moughaoui ◽  
Amine Ouaket ◽  
Asmae Laaraibi ◽  
Souad Hamdouch ◽  
Zoubida Anbaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Cationic Dyes ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Good Agreement

<p>Chemical activation was used to prepare a low-cost activated carbon (AC) from an agricultural waste material: sugarcane bagasse. It was used as a green biosorbent for the removal of two cationic dyes from aqueous solutions (Methylene blue (MB) and Malachite Green (MG)). Central composite design (CCD) using response surface methodology (RSM) was applied in this work in order to run a limited number of experiments. The possibility of revealing the interaction of three selected factors: activation temperature, activation time, and chemical impregnation ratios at different levels for the process of preparing the AC were studied. Two-second order quadratic regression models for a yield of AC and capacity of adsorption were developed using JMP Software.</p><p>The results of the process of optimization were carried out; it showed a good agreement between the predictive response of RSM model and the obtained experimental values with high correlation coefficients (R<sup>2</sup>) which indicates the efficacy of the model. The optimal activated carbon was obtained using 400°C activation temperature, 36 min activation time, and 2 impregnation ratio, resulting in 63.12 % of AC yield and 99.86 % for MB removal and 400°C activation temperature, 90 min activation time and 2 impregnation ratio, resulting in 45.69 % of AC yield and 99.75 % for MG removal. Moreover, the comparison between the experimental and the predicted values at optimum conditions was in good agreement with relatively small errors.</p><p>This work showed the effectiveness and the performance of preparing activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse, and it recommended as an effective and green biosorbent for the removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solutions.</p>

Characteristics of Activated Carbon Produced from Rubber Seed Shell by Using Different Methods of Chemical Activation with KOH

2015 ◽  
Vol 781 ◽  
pp. 659-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanchanok Pagketanang ◽  
Prasong Wongwicha ◽  
Mallika Thabuot
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Activation Method ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption Isotherms

Rubber-seed shell was selected as the precursor for the preparation of activated carbon by chemical activation with KOH as an activating agent. Impregnation-Activation Method and Carbonization-Impregnation-Activation Method were investigated with different concentration of KOH solution. Rubber-seed shell activated carbons were characterized by using scanning electron microscope, fourier transform infared spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption isotherms. The results present that the first method which impregnation of precursor in 2%wt. KOH solution with the ratio of 300 g/l for 24 hrs before thermal activation at 700°C for 2 hrs under 2 cm3/min of nitrogen flow, was satisfied to prepare the Rubber-seed shell activated carbon. Products with maximum BET surface area, average pore diameter and volume ratio of micropores to mesopores were equal to 429 m2/g, 2.09 nm and 4.19, respectively.

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