Restoration

2019 ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
David Sorkin
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Ancien Regime ◽  
Similar Profile ◽  
German States ◽  
The Status ◽  
Uniform Law ◽  
Ancien Régime

This chapter studies how, in establishing Europe's boundaries, the Congress of Vienna ratified emancipation's division into the three regions of western, central, and eastern Europe. The Congress affected the status of Jews in western Europe only in bringing equality to the Jews in Belgium. In eastern Europe, the Congress brought territorial adjustments; the larger legal arrangements remained in place. In contrast, in central Europe, the Congress failed to bring unification and a uniform law for Jews. The German states became a mosaic of disparate laws. Many polities revived the ancien régime. Moreover, the dualism of “state” versus “local” or municipal rights began to emerge. Italy offered a similar profile of multiple states, disparate legal statuses, and in many states a resuscitated ancien régime.

Central Europe, 1815–1847

2019 ◽  
pp. 148-161
Author(s):  
David Sorkin
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Ancien Regime ◽  
German States ◽  
Tier System ◽  
Local Citizenship ◽  
Ancien Régime

This chapter discusses how partial emancipation in the German states and Habsburg lands yielded varied and inconsistent statuses. Restrictions on population and residential rights were the basic holdover from the ancien régime: Baden's denial of local citizenship, Bavaria's Matrikel, Bohemia's and Moravia's Familiantengesetz. Posen's two-tier system—“naturalized” and “tolerated”—also echoed the ancien régime. These restrictions were the chief objects of the Jews' protests; they were also the chief impetus for emigration. Moreover, partial rights inspired public discussions of the Jews' regeneration in which Judaism was front and center. Although a vehement liberal opposition to emancipation was conspicuous, the tide began to turn in the 1830s and 1840s. Some liberals abandoned the policy of conditional emancipation or regeneration for rights; they instead embraced unconditional emancipation based on the principle of equality.

Between Centralism and Localism: On the Development of Local Self-Government in Postsocialist Europe

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Elander
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Real Socialism ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
As If

During real-socialism in Central and Eastern Europe the scope for local government discretion was marginal. Local government had a very low degree of legitimacy, and this is something that poses a big problem when it comes to developing local self-government under postsocialism. It seems as if most citizens are prepared to pin their hopes on new central leaders, while they are still very hesitant with regard to local self-governance. Various expressions of localism appeared during the first three to four years of postsocialist development. However, today it seems as if the tide has turned in favour of more centralist hopes and policies. This development is discussed in the light of some of the arguments commonly raised in favour of centralism and localism, respectively, highlighting the complex relationships between the two concepts and their current manifestations. In the concluding section some ideas are put forward concerning the issue how to bridge the gap between centralism and localism, and there is also a reminder that some of the current developments of local government in Eastern and Central Europe are similar to those in Western Europe. This makes a strong argument in favour of intensified transnational contacts between academics, practitioners, and ordinary citizens with an interest in developing local self-government.

scholarly journals The State of Rural Sociology as Presented in Four Periodicals – Rural Sociology, Sociologia Ruralis, Journal of Rural Studies, Eastern European Countryside

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Zabłocki
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Rural Sociology ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Rural Studies

Abstract This article is an analysis of differences and similarities between four Englishlanguage journals on rural sociology. The comparison covered topics discussed in about 600 articles published in the journals in the years 1995-2010 and the regional affiliation of their authors. In the comparison, all articles and texts on empirical research published in this period in Eastern European Countryside were considered. In total, 141 texts were published in this annual journal. Out of the three other journals (Rural Sociology, Sociologia Ruralis, Journal of Rural Studies) 50 articles for each of three periods: 1995-1996, 2002-2003, 2008-2009, were selected. Results of the comparison show that the journals have strictly regional profiles, and that present rural sociology does not seem to be the science on social phenomena in world-wide rural areas. Rural sociology used in the four studied journals does not develop the knowledge that would be useful in solving problems of the rural population. In the three journals under study (Rural Sociology, Sociologia Ruralis, Journal of Rural Studies) almost exclusively sociology of rural areas in Western Europe and Northern America was developed, and their contributors were almost always authors from the two regions. The fourth journal - Eastern European Countryside - was concerned, adequately to its title, with rural phenomena in Central and Eastern Europe

Ten Theses on Emancipation

2019 ◽  
pp. 354-356
Author(s):  
David Sorkin
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
Modern Jewish History ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Eastern And Western Europe

This concluding chapter presents ten theses on emancipation. One, emancipation is the principal event of modern Jewish history. Two, the term “emancipation” was historically polysemous: it referred to the liberation or elevation of numerous groups. Three, the emancipation process commenced around 1550 when Jews began to receive extensive privileges in eastern and western Europe and in some instances rights in a nascent civil society. Four, there were two legislative models of emancipation: conditional and unconditional. Five, there were three regions of emancipation: western, central, and eastern Europe. Six, the Ottoman Empire comprised a fourth region of emancipation. Seven, the equality of Judaism was fundamental to the Jews' equality. Eight, emancipation mobilized Jews politically. Nine, emancipation was ambiguous and interminable. Ten, emancipation was at the heart of the twentieth century's colossal events.

Political corruption in Central and Eastern Europe

2018 ◽  
pp. 169-193
Author(s):  
James L. Newell
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Third World ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Political Corruption ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
The World ◽  
Communist Countries

Political scientists have conventionally distinguished between advanced liberal democracies; communist and post-communist states, and so-called third-world countries. Though used less frequently than was once the case, the groups or ones like them are distinguished because drawing general conclusions about the nature of political life requires being able to categorise in order to compare countries; and because, broadly speaking, the groups mark broad distinctions tending to correlate with a range of variables including political corruption. Placing, then, the liberal democracies of Western Europe in one category and the former communist countries of Europe, plus Russia, in another reveals that corruption is a larger problem in the latter part of the world than it is in the former. Against this background, the chapter looks at the historical context of corruption during the communist era. It then provides an overview of the extent of corruption in the post-communist era and of the variations in its extent between the states concerned –before explaining the distinctive reasons for the development of these levels of corruption, assessing their impact and looking at what is being done and needs to be done to reduce levels of corruption.

scholarly journals More Competitiveness of the Port of Koper Through Supply Chain Integration

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
Igor Trupac ◽  
Elen Twrdy
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Supply Chain Integration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Current State ◽  
Eastern And Western Europe ◽  
Strategic Goal

With the European Union growing eastwards and with the establishment of important production facilities in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the hinterland potential is bound to grow even more. The strategic goal of the Port of Koper is to become one of the best ports in the Southern Europe, to develop from a handling port into a commodity distributional centre. Penetrating and exploiting these markets demands cooperation (integration) with the existing inland terminals (logistic centres) and establishing of new ones positioned between Eastern and Western Europe. This paper aims to present and analyse: (I) supply chains of the flow of goods through the Port of Koper to/from the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, (II) the current state and strategies to optimize the flow of goods, (III) market potential, investments in new terminals and capacities. KEY WORDS: Port of Koper, strategies, goals, supply chains, integration, new terminals, market potential, investments

scholarly journals Eastern others: Homonationalism in the Flemish press

2020 ◽  
pp. 174804852091849
Author(s):  
Alexander Dhoest
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Press ◽  
Western Nations ◽  
The U.S

Jasbir Puar introduced the notion of ‘homonationalism’ to describe the increasing acceptance of sexual minorities in Western nations, leading to their incorporation in the national in-group which is increasingly opposed to homophobic ‘others’. While Muslims constitute the main out-group, other groups and nations are also targeted, in particular Russia and related countries in Central and Eastern Europe. Such discourses create a binary opposition between two homogenized parties, the uniformly LGBTQ-friendly in-group versus the uniformly homophobic ‘other’. While the literature on homonationalism mostly discusses politics in the U.S. and a number of other nation-states, this article explores homonationalism in a smaller sub-national region in Western Europe, Flanders, focusing on the press as a tool for spreading homonationalist discourse. Exploring three months of Flemish newspapers, this article identifies some instances of explicit homonationalism but more implicit homonationalism which does not explicitly mention the in-group but does paint a one-sided picture of Russia and related countries as homophobic.

Potentials for East — West Integration: The Case of Foreign Direct Investment

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
M van Geenhuizen ◽  
P Nijkamp
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
East West

Reshaping the relationships between Western Europe and the former communist bloc is one of the most intriguing challenges for the coming years. Will Central and Eastern Europe become passive players in the European and world economy, or will companies located there become integrated as fully fledged partners? Foreign direct investment (FDI) is heavily concentrated in a few countries in Central and Eastern Europe. It is argued that the type of FDI is more important than the amount of FDI. There is a need for a critical assessment of the strategies of the investors and the impacts on local entrepreneurship. In this vein, the authors describe various interesting future research paths and make policy recommendations.

scholarly journals Margins of Multinational Labor Substitution

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 1999-2030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc-Andreas Muendler ◽  
Sascha O Becker
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Multinational Enterprise ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Nonparametric Identification ◽  
Extensive Margin ◽  
Intensive Margin

Employment at a multinational enterprise (MNE) responds to wages at the extensive margin, when an MNE enters a foreign location, and at the intensive margin, when an MNE operates existing affiliates. We present an MNE model and conditions for parametric and nonparametric identification. Prior studies rarely found wages to affect MNE employment. Our integrated approach documents salient labor substitution for German manufacturing MNEs and removes bias. In Central and Eastern Europe, most employment responds at the extensive margin, while in Western Europe the extensive margin accounts for around two-thirds of employment shifts. At distant locations, MNEs respond to wages only at the extensive margin. (JEL F23, J23, J31, R32)

EFFECT OF THE ECONOMIC CRISIS 2007-2008 ON STRATEGIES OF MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Bondarchuk ◽  
Alina Raboshuk ◽  
Svitlana Shypina
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
The State ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Top Managers ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The paper is aimed at the study of the effects of world financial crisis of 2007-2008 on the strategies of the multinational corporations operating in Central and Eastern Europe. The economic downturn has abruptly halted the successful economic growth of the Central and Eastern European countries in the years preceding the crisis. In this connection, the question arises whether these structural changes in the economy will lead to reevaluation of expansion strategy by the foreign multinational corporations in Central and Eastern Europe. t has been established that in the post-crisis period the middle and top managers have a tendency towards paying more attention to the state competitiveness, the quality of the state institutions, and its political leadership. Moreover, movement of production facilities and logistics systems from Western Europe to the Eastern and Central European countries will be continued, due to cheaper resources and loyal conditions of access to them.

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