scholarly journals Physical development of children: historical experience and current challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
N. A. Skoblina ◽  
O. Yu. Milushkina ◽  
M. Yu. Gavryushin ◽  
Zh. V. Gudinova ◽  
O. V. Sazonova

Aim. To develop the methodology to assess the standards of physical development of children and adolescents.Materials and Methods. We have analyzed the available literature and our previous results to identify current problems in evaluating physical development of children with the focus on regional standards.Results. Current methodology in the field clearly needs standardization. We propose that “Standards of physical development of children and adolescents” software enables the objective evaluation of physical development in relation to children and adolescents and therefore can be suggested as a golden standard. Comparative analysis of the anthropometric data using this program and standard descriptive statistics (SPSS 21) showed the similarity of the results.Conclusions. Contemporary problems in the study of physical development of children and adolescents include the lack of standardized methods, standards, and official documents. We suggest our novel approach as a promising solution.

Author(s):  
Khadzhimurad A. Aliev ◽  
A. M. Aliskandiev ◽  
M. I. Izrailov ◽  
Z. A. Aliskandiyeva ◽  
M. T. Abdulmuslimov

An evaluation of the physical development of children and adolescents with the syndrome of autonomic dysfunction (SAD) was performed. There were examined 329 SAD children and adolescents aged 11 to 17 years (boys: 138-41.9%, girls: 191-58.1%) residing in the middle mountain zone of the Republic of Dagestan (RD). In all cases there were evaluated such basic anthropometric data as: body length and weight, chest circumference, BMI according to WHO criteria. An evaluation of the physical development of adolescents with ADS living in the middle mountain zone of RD revealed the prevalence of a mesosomatic type of the development in 72.1% of adolescents, microsomia was detected in 18.6% of cases, while macrosomia observed in 9.3% of the adolescents. A high incidence of disharmonious development was found in 39.3%, while pronounced dishormonal physical development as found in 2.1% of adolescents. A comparative analysis of the physical development of SAD adolescents with indice of the physical development according to WHO criteria according to BMI showed SAD children significantly to delay at the age of 12, 15,16,17, but an unreliable lag was observed at the age of 11 and 13 years.


2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
T. V. RUDEVA ◽  
L. N. PORUBAYKO ◽  
S. F. BOYCHENKO

Aim. This longitudinal study was conducted to examine the indicators of physical development and physical efficiency of students of the Kuban State Medical University during five years of their study.Materials and methods. There was carried out a comparative analysis of the anthropometric data dynamics, the indices of physical development proportionality of Erismann, Pignier and Quetelet, and  the physical efficiency level of the students of the Kuban State Medical University during five years of their study.Results. Physical development of the students almost has not changed by the 5th year of their study. It corresponds with the age standards of the examined group.Conclusion. For optimizing the educational process during the physical education classes the physical activity of students needs to be increased as well as the amount of training in extracurricular time.


2013 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wioleta Umławska ◽  
Grzegorz Gąszczyk ◽  
Dorota Sands

Author(s):  
N.D. Pilipenko ◽  
S.Yu Maksyukov

This study is dedicated to a comparative analysis of effectiveness of using orthodontic appliances when treating class II malocclusion in children and adolescents. It was shown that treatment with the Invisalign system with a change of the lower jaw position is the most effective method for correcting class II malocclusion in growing patients. Using Invisalign aligners showed not only the best efficacy according to teleroentgenograms. but also made the treatment process comfortable for patients at all its stages. Moreover, higher level of compliance was demonstrated with treatment using the Invisalign system compared to the Twin-block appliance.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liubov Shkodenko ◽  
Ilia Kassirov ◽  
Elena Koshel

At present, there is an urgent need in medicine and industry to develop new approaches to eliminate bacterial biofilms. Considering the low efficiency of classical approaches to biofilm eradication and the growing problem of antibiotic resistance, the introduction of nanomaterials may be a promising solution. Outstanding antimicrobial properties have been demonstrated by nanoparticles (NPs) of metal oxides and their nanocomposites. The review presents a comparative analysis of antibiofilm properties of various metal oxide NPs (primarily, CuO, Fe3O4, TiO2, ZnO, MgO, and Al2O3 NPs) and nanocomposites, as well as mechanisms of their effect on plankton bacteria cells and biofilms. The potential mutagenicity of metal oxide NPs and safety problems of their wide application are also discussed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samylla Bruna De Jesus Silva ◽  
Hayla Nunes Conceição ◽  
Joseneide Teixeira Câmara ◽  
Rytchelle Silva Machado ◽  
Tharliane Silva Chaves ◽  
...  

Objetivo: analisar o perfil das notificações de violência perpetrada contra crianças e adolescentes. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, exploratório, retrospectivo, de 2014 a 2015, com 85 casos de violência perpetrada contra crianças e adolescentes. Utilizaram-se os dados provenientes do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Obteve-se a análise dos perfis epidemiológicos por meio da estatística descritiva. Resultados: verificou-se que a violência foi prevalente em crianças com idades entre dez a 14 anos (36,47%), pardas (90,59%), do sexo feminino (83,53%), com Ensino Fundamental (60,60%) e que 98,82% não possuíam alguma deficiência ou transtorno. Revela-se que o tipo de violência mais comum foi a psicológica/moral (43,66%) e o meio de agressão prevalente foi a ameaça (51,92%) praticada na residência (75,29%) da vítima por amigos/conhecidos (47,06%) do sexo masculino (91,76%). Conclusão: evidenciou-se, um aumento no número de casos de violência contra as crianças e adolescentes pardas, do sexo feminino e com Ensino Fundamental, sendo que o tipo de violência mais comum foi a violência psicológica/moral por meio de ameaças praticadas por amigos/conhecidos na residência da vítima. Descritores: Adolescente; Criança; Violência Doméstica; Maus-Tratos Infantis; Agressão; Enfermagem.AbstractObjective: to analyze the profile of notifications of violence perpetrated against children and adolescents. Method: this is a quantitative, descriptive, exploratory, retrospective study, from 2014 to 2015, with 85 cases of violence perpetrated against children and adolescents. Data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System was used. Epidemiological profiles were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: it was found that violence was prevalent in children aged ten to 14 years (36.47%), brown (90.59%), female (83.53%), with elementary school (60, 60%) and that 98.82% did not have any disability or disorder. It turns out that the most common type of violence was psychological / moral (43.66%) and the prevalent means of aggression was the threat (51.92%) practiced in the residence (75.29%) of the victim by friends / (47.06%) were male (91.76%). Conclusion: there was an increase in the number of cases of violence against brown children and adolescents, female and with elementary education, and the most common type of violence was psychological / moral violence through threats practiced by friends/ acquaintances at the victim's residence. Descriptors: Adolescent; Child; Domestic Violence; Child Abuse; Aggression; Nursing.ResumenObjetivo: analizar el perfil de las notificaciones de violencia perpetrada contra niños y adolescentes. Método: es un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, exploratorio, retrospectivo, de 2014 a 2015, con 85 casos de violencia perpetrados contra niños y adolescentes. Se utilizaron datos del Sistema de Información de Agravios de Notificación. Los perfiles epidemiológicos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva. Resultados: se encontró que la violencia prevalecía en niños de 10 a 14 años (36.47%), marrones (90.59%), mujeres (83.53%), con educación primaria (60, 60%) y ese 98.82% no tenía ninguna discapacidad o trastorno. Resulta que el tipo de violencia más común fue psicológica / moral (43.66%) y el medio de agresión predominante fue la amenaza (51.92%) practicada en la residencia (75.29%) de la víctima por amigos /conocidos (47.06%) eran hombres (91.76%). Conclusión: hubo un aumento en el número de casos de violencia contra niños y adolescentes marrones, mujeres y con educación primaria, y el tipo más común de violencia fue la violencia psicológica / moral a través de amenazas practicadas por amigos. / conocidos en la residencia de la víctima. Descriptores: Adolescente; Criança; Violencia Doméstica; Maltrato a los Niños; Agresión; Enfermería.


Author(s):  
Irena Łącka

Polish food industry challenges result from current and future changes in world’s economy i.e. the need of the optimization of manufacturing process, the increase of effectiveness of the use of resources, solving the personnel problems together and implementing innovations and technical progress. The aim of the article was to present the innovative activity of companies of this sector in years 2010-2016 with indicating tendencies in this scope. The analysis of investments in machines and devices aimed at evaluation of condition and prospects of technical progress of entities in food industry. The research has shown that the majority of this sector is weakly prepared to facing the challenges of new economy. This is indicated by low expenditures into the innovative activity of entities, the structure of those expenditures as well as results of activities during examined period. The analysis of the statistical data have shown that during this tested time the producers of food products and beverages have increased their investment in machines and devices in order to increase their effectiveness of the use of resources and modernize their machinery. During the research following methods were used: study of national and foreign literature, comparative analysis and elements of descriptive statistics. To analyze the innovative activity and investments of entities in machines and devices the data of public statistics was used.


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