scholarly journals ВИЗУАЛЬНЫЕ ОБРАЗЫ НА СЛУЖБЕ КОГНИТИВНОЙ НАУКИ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Knyazeva
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Search Tree ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
First Person ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field

Когнитивная наука – та междисциплинарная область знания, где происходят наиболее значимые научные прорывы в XXI веке. Они значимы как для развития конвергентных технологий, так и для распространения транс- и междисциплинарных, интегративных тенденций в исследованиях, соединяющих области, ранее мыслимые как совершенно несовместимые, в том числе естественно-научные и гуманитарные. В статье показывается, что в когнитивной науке, несмотря на высокую теоретизированность и узкоспециальную направленность многих направлений исследований, довольно часто и продуктивно используются визуальные образы. В работе обсуждаются некоторые из них, такие как когнитивная карта, когнитивная ниша, когнитивный ландшафт, когнитивное поле, перекликающееся с понятием динамического поля в гештальтпсихологии, блуждание по полю смыслов, древо поиска. Особую роль играют также мысле-образы (mental imagery), которые составляют основу для работы продуктивного воображения и креативного мышления, изучаемые в когнитивной психологии. Также показывается, что подобные средства визуализации существенны не только как первоначальные «строительные леса» для развития теоретических представлений, но и для прояснения нюансов смысла сложных научных построений. Кроме того, в когнитивной науке сегодня набирает популярность феноменологический подход и так называемая «методология от первого лица» (first-person methodology), с учётом которых смысл теоретических построений начинает жить и работать, будучи распакован в жизненном мире каждого конкретного лица. А значит, неразделимость образно-визуального и абстрактно-вербального получает дополнительное обоснование через понимание неразделимости обыденного и научного знания.Cognitive science is an interdisciplinary field of knowledge where the most significant scientific breakthroughs take place in the 21st century. They are significant both for the development of convergent technologies and for the dissemination of interdisciplinary and integrative trends in research that connect areas previously thought of as completely incompatible, including natural sciences and the humanities. The author shows that in cognitive science, despite the highly theorized and narrowly special focus of many its areas of research, visual images are quite often and productively used. Some of them, such as a cognitive map, cognitive niche, cognitive landscape, cognitive field that echoes the concept of a dynamic field in Gestalt psychology, the wandering around the field of meanings, a search tree are discussed in the article. A special role is also played by mental imagery, which forms a basis for the work of productive imagination and creative thinking, studied in cognitive psychology. It is substantiated in the article that such visualization tools are essential not only as initial “scaffolding” for the development of theoretical concepts, but also for clarifying the nuances of the meaning of complex scientific constructions. In addition, in today’s cognitive science, the phenomenological approach and the so-called “first-person methodology” are gaining popularity, taking into account that the meaning of theoretical constructions begins to live and work, being unpacked in the lifeworld of each particular personality. Thus, the inseparability of figurative visual knowledge and abstract verbal knowledge gets additional justification through the understanding of the inseparability of the ordinary and scientific knowledge.

scholarly journals A Cognitive Approach to Shakespeare Plays in Immersive Theatre: With a Special Focus on Punchdrunk’s "Sleep No More" in New York (2011-) and Shanghai (2016-)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (36) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Emi Hamana
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Experimental Performance ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Theatre Companies ◽  
Immersive Theatre

Although cognitive science is an interdisciplinary field, its central questions are ‘what is humanity?’ and ‘what is emotion?’ Since the field of theatre and performing arts is deeply concerned with humans and emotions, we expect that it will contribute to the understanding of these concepts. Immersive theatre is an experimental performance form that emphasizes site, space and design while immersing spectators in a play. The number of immersive theatre companies or productions has been growing worldwide. This paper discusses Punchdrunk’s Sleep No More, directed by Felix Barrett and performed in London (2003), New York (2011-) and Shanghai (2016-). While elucidating the cognitive impact of immersive Shakespeare performances on spectators, this paper aims to uncover new artistic and cultural value in Shakespeare plays performed in an experimental form in order to advance their contemporary relevance.

Précis ofUnified theories of cognition

1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Newell
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Cognitive Architecture ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Syllogistic Reasoning ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Unified Theories

AbstractThe book presents the case that cognitive science should turn its attention to developing theories of human cognition that cover the full range of human perceptual, cognitive, and action phenomena. Cognitive science has now produced a massive number of high-quality regularities with many microtheories that reveal important mechanisms. The need for integration is pressing and will continue to increase. Equally important, cognitive science now has the theoretical concepts and tools to support serious attempts at unified theories. The argument is made entirely by presenting an exemplar unified theory of cognition both to show what a real unified theory would be like and to provide convincing evidence that such theories are feasible. The exemplar is SOAR, a cognitive architecture, which is realized as a software system. After a detailed discussion of the architecture and its properties, with its relation to the constraints on cognition in the real world and to existing ideas in cognitive science, SOAR is used as theory for a wide range of cognitive phenomena: immediate responses (stimulus-response compatibility and the Sternberg phenomena); discrete motor skills (transcription typing); memory and learning (episodic memory and the acquisition of skill through practice); problem solving (cryptarithmetic puzzles and syllogistic reasoning); language (sentence verification and taking instructions); and development (transitions in the balance beam task). The treatments vary in depth and adequacy, but they clearly reveal a single, highly specific, operational theory that works over the entire range of human cognition, SOAR is presented as an exemplar unified theory, not as the sole candidate. Cognitive science is not ready yet for a single theory – there must be multiple attempts. But cognitive science must begin to work toward such unified theories.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Embodied Mental Imagery Improves Memory

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110092
Author(s):  
Quentin Marre ◽  
Nathalie Huet ◽  
Elodie Labeye
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
First Person ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Memory Efficiency ◽  
Third Person ◽  
First Person Perspective ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Emotional Systems

According to embodied cognition theory, cognitive processes are grounded in sensory, motor and emotional systems. This theory supports the idea that language comprehension and access to memory are based on sensorimotor mental simulations, which does indeed explain experimental results for visual imagery. These results show that word memorization is improved when the individual actively simulates the visual characteristics of the object to be learned. Very few studies, however, have investigated the effectiveness of more embodied mental simulations, that is, simulating both the sensory and motor aspects of the object (i.e., motor imagery) from a first-person perspective. The recall performances of 83 adults were analysed in four different conditions: mental rehearsal, visual imagery, third-person motor imagery, and first-person motor imagery. Results revealed a memory efficiency gradient running from low-embodiment strategies (i.e., involving poor perceptual and/or motor simulation) to high-embodiment strategies (i.e., rich simulation in the sensory and motor systems involved in interactions with the object). However, the benefit of engaging in motor imagery, as opposed to purely visual imagery, was only observed when participants adopted the first-person perspective. Surprisingly, visual and motor imagery vividness seemed to play a negligible role in this effect of the sensorimotor grounding of mental imagery on memory efficiency.

The Dance of Words

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Lis Engel ◽  
Rikke Schou Jeppesen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
General Level ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Lived Body ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Movement Experience ◽  
Movement Theory

Abstract This article is about language and lived experiences and analysis of movement of dance within Physical Education studies in Denmark with a special focus on how the language of movement and dance can be related to lived body and movement experience. The issue of the challenges and possibilities of expressing movement experience and analysis in words is discussed at the general level and exemplified in the context of a dance educational event where the movement theory of Rudolf Laban is applied. A central question arising out of this example of working with language and lived experience of movement is: What influence does language have on our way of understanding and communicating a dance experience? The article proposes that a bodily anchored lived language – through an ethic-aesthetic phenomenological approach – may supplement, expand and broaden a given professional terminology in order to articulate, communicate and unfold the experiential dimensions of dance.

Social Equality: Cognitive Modeling Based on Emotional Coherence Explains Attitude Change

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-256
Author(s):  
Paul Thagard
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Computer Models ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Why do people have conflicting views of equality concerning the distribution of income, wealth, and satisfaction of vital needs? How do people form and sometimes change their views of equality and related issues, such as gender identity? Answers to such questions can benefit from cognitive science—the interdisciplinary field that includes neuroscience and computer modeling as well as psychology. According to principles of emotional coherence, attitudes develop and change because of connections among the values attached to systems of concepts, beliefs, and goals. People attach a positive value to concepts such as equality, if the concept fits with other positive concepts such as human needs, and opposes negative concepts such as poverty. Emotional coherence balances positive and negative values to yield an overall conclusion. Computer models based on emotional coherence explain people’s differing attitudes about equality and issues such as transgender rights. They also model how people sometimes change their minds.

scholarly journals Development of ecosystems in the financial sector of Russia

Upravlenets ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 2-15
Author(s):  
Georgy Kleiner ◽  
Maksim Rybachuk ◽  
Venera Karpinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Banking System ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Ranking Score ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
Technological Platform

The paper examines the problems and factors in the development of ecosystems in the financial sector and related sectors of economy. It demonstrates the prospects for expanding the population of ecosystems in both the global financial market and the Russian banking system. Special focus is on two main prerequisites for the ecosystem development: digitalization of the entire economy and the emergence of innovative information-communication technologies in the financial sector (fintech). The study aims to juxtapose theoretical concepts and definitions of ecosystem with the real practice in Russia and the prospects for the development of ecosystems in the financial sector in order to produce recommendations on activating and regulating the transition from a traditional to an ecosystem economic model. Methodologically, the research rests on system economic theory, which implies that economy is a field for creating, interacting and developing socio-economic systems of various kinds – object-, process-, project- and environment-based systems. Within the framework of this approach, an ecosystem includes: an organizational component represented by a cluster as an object-based subsystem; infrastructure – an information-technological platform as an environment-based subsystem; communication and logistics component – a network as a process-based subsystem; innovative component – a business incubator as a project-based subsystem. Ecosystems in the financial sector are analyzed for compliance with this requirements. We scrutinize the case of FinTech Association as the most technologically advanced community of banking institutions. The research methods are content analysis, ranking score and logical grouping of research objects. The findings show that it is expedient to create a regulating institution that combines the functions similar to those of the FAS of the RF and the Central Bank of the RF in relation to the ecosystems’ activities.

The Relation between Husserl’s Phenomenological Account of Imaginative Empathy and High-level Simulation, and How to Solve the Problem of the Generalizability of Empathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 596-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heath Williams
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Phenomenological Theory ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Simulation Theory ◽  
Phenomenological Account ◽  
High Level

This article provides an overview of Edmund Husserl’s lesser known account of high-level imaginative empathy. The author discusses Husserl’s solution to what we might call the ‘generalizability problem’; if empathy is conceived as a relation whereby the understanding I have of my own mind allows me to understand your mind (as some versions of simulation theory and Husserl contend), then how does empathy account for potential differences between us? The author also discusses some features that make empathy more generalizable than might be initially thought, as well as its limits. A second major aim is to use this exegesis of Husserl to show a variety of overlaps between his theory and high-level simulation theory. The author also shows how Husserl’s phenomenological theory provides a compelling response to critiques of high-level simulation from authors that utilize a hybrid cognitive science/phenomenological approach (i.e. Gallagher and Zahavi).

How we know our minds: The illusion of first-person knowledge of intentionality

1993 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Gopnik
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Direct Perception ◽  
First Person ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Developmental Shift ◽  
Representational Model ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Mind

AbstractAs adults we believe that our knowledge of our own psychological states is substantially different from our knowledge of the psychological states of others: First-person knowledge comes directly from experience, but third-person knowledge involves inference. Developmental evidence suggests otherwise. Many 3-year-old children are consistently wrong in reporting some of their own immediately past psychological states and show similar difficulties reporting the psychological states of others. At about age 4 there is an important developmental shift to a representational model of the mind. This affects children's understanding of their own minds as well as the minds of others. Our sense that our perception of our own minds is direct may be analogous to many cases where expertise provides an illusion of direct perception. These empirical findings have important implications for debates about the foundations of cognitive science.

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