Transdermal Delivery of Active Principles with Pulsed RF Contact Diathermy - A Narrative Review

The transdermal delivery of drugs and, in more general terms, of active principles can be performed by iontophoresis and/or by electroporation. The advantages of a local treatment vs. other drugs intake methods are well known as it reduces the systemic involvement and therefore the systemic contraindications. To perform the treatment exploiting the electroporation effect there is nowadays a specific variant of a known medical device used in physiotherapy: the Medium Frequency Resistive/Capacitive contact Diathermy. The adoption of a power control exploiting Pulse Width Modulation of the applied current adds to the device also this capability of great potential in rehabilitation and aesthetic medicine treatments. The theoretic approach is discussed and applications suggestions are being given.

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Pathways from marine protected area design and management to ecological success

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.1424 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. e1424 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Murray A. Rudd

Keyword(s):

Marine Protected Area ◽

Theoretic Approach ◽

Negative Results ◽

Complex Interactions ◽

General Terms ◽

Ecological Performance ◽

Ecological Isolation ◽

Ecological Success ◽

The One

Using an international dataset compiled from 121 sites in 87 marine protected areas (MPAs) globally (Edgar et al., 2014), I assessed how various configurations of design and management conditions affected MPA ecological performance, measured in terms of fish species richness and biomass. The set-theoretic approach used Boolean algebra to identify pathways that combined up to five ‘NEOLI’ (No-take,Enforced,Old,Large,Isolated) conditions and that were sufficient for achieving positive, and negative, ecological outcomes. Ecological isolation was overwhelming the most important condition affecting ecological outcomes butOldandLargewere also conditions important for achieving high levels of biomass among large fishes (jacks, groupers, sharks). Solution coverage was uniformly low (<0.35) for all models of positive ecological performance suggesting the presence of numerous other conditions and pathways to ecological success that did not involve the NEOLI conditions. Solution coverage was higher (>0.50) for negative results (i.e., the absence of high biomass) among the large commercially-exploited fishes, implying asymmetries in how MPAs may rebuild populations on the one hand and, on the other, protect against further decline. The results revealed complex interactions involving MPA design, implementation, and management conditions that affect MPA ecological performance. In general terms, the presence of no-take regulations and effective enforcement were insufficient to ensure MPA effectiveness on their own. Given the central role of ecological isolation in securing ecological benefits from MPAs, site selection in the design phase appears critical for success.

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Regeneration of deep cut wounds of the skin with different options of local treatment

Nauchno-prakticheskii zhurnal «Patogenez» ◽

10.25557/2310-0435.2018.01.34-41 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 34-41

Author(s):

А.Ю. Еськова ◽

О.В. Большакова ◽

Е.П. Голубинская ◽

А.В. Кубышкин ◽

Е.Ю. Бессалова ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Onset ◽

White Male ◽

Local Treatment ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Microbial Transglutaminase ◽

Tissue Cell ◽

Full Thickness ◽

Regenerative Processes ◽

Study Objective ◽

Aesthetic Medicine

Актуальность. Глубокие резаные раны являются одной из наиболее распространенных травм при авариях и, по-прежнему, остаются глобальной проблемой общественного здравоохранения. Несмотря на многочисленные успехи в терапии ран, все еще существует необходимость поиска и разработки новых препаратов для их местного лечения. Цель - определить возможности применения местной терапии трансглютаминазой микробного происхождения (МТГ) с вспомогательной экспериментальной субстанцией авторской фитомази при моделировании полнослойных резаных ран на основании изучения особенностей морфогенеза регенераторных процессов кожи. Методы. В эксперименте на 150 белых мышах самцах исследована динамика регенераторных процессов кожи в группах: без лечения; при использовании препарата Солкосерил и авторской фитомази; а также ее комбинации с ферментом МТГ в различных концентрациях. Применяли комплекс морфологических методов, направленных на изучение структуры кожи на органном, тканевом, клеточном и субклеточном уровнях организации: макроскопический метод - для описания и измерения размеров повреждений; гистологические методы на светооптическом уровне - для качественной оценки морфологических преобразований кожи; метод трансмиссионной электронной микроскопии - для выявления ультраструктурных преобразований различных клеток эпидермиса и дермы. Результаты. Наиболее эффективным препаратом для заживления полнослойных резаных ран по итогам визуальной оценки и гистологического исследования является комбинация фитомази с МТГ в концентрации 0,1%, что подтверждается остановкой кровотечения и образованием фибринового сгустка в 3 раза быстрее, чем в других экспериментальных и контрольной группах; ранним началом эпителизации (на 3 сутки эксперимента), окончательным завершением регенераторных процессов к 10 суткам, что свидетельствует о перспективах использования трансглютаминаз в хирургии и эстетической медицине. Заключение. Применение инновационной методики местной терапии глубоких резаных ран кожи ферментом микробной трансглютаминазой с вспомогательной экспериментальной субстанцией авторской фитомази характеризуется ранним началом эпителизации, что свидетельствует о перспективах использования трансглютаминаз в хирургии и эстетической медицине. В то же время, механизмы репарации должны быть дополнительно исследованы в серии клинических испытаний. Background. Deep cut wounds are one of the most common injuries in accidents and still remain a global public health problem. Despite much success in treatment of wounds searching for and developing new medicines for local treatment are still relevant. The study objective was to test a possibility of local treatment with microbial transglutaminase (MTG) supplemented with an auxiliary experimental substance of the author’s herbal ointment by studying morphogenesis of skin regenerative processes on a model of full-thickness cut wounds. Methods. We studied the dynamics of skin regenerative processes using the following groups: no treatment; a standard treatment with the medicine Solcoseryl in combination with the author’s ointment; the ointment alone; and the ointment in combinations with the enzyme MTG at different concentrations. A set of morphological methods was used for studying the skin structure at organ, tissue, cell, and subcellular levels in experiments on 150 white male mice. The methods included macroscopic description and measurement of skin lesions; histological methods at the light-optical level for qualitative evaluation of skin morphologic changes; and transmission electron microscopy for identifying ultrastructural transformations of different epidermal and dermal cells. Results. Visual evaluation and histological study showed that he most effective treatment for healing of full-thickness cut wounds was 0.1% MTG as evidenced by arrest of bleeding and formation of a fibrin clot, which occurred three times faster than in other experimental and control groups; an early onset of epithelialization on day 3 of the experiment; and the completion of regenerative processes by day 10, which suggested prospective benefits of using transglutaminases in surgery and aesthetic medicine. Conclusions. The innovative local treatment of deep cut wounds of the skin with microbial transglutaminase supplemented with an auxiliary experimental substance of the author’s herbal ointment is characterized by an early onset of epithelization, which suggested prospective benefits of using transglutaminases in surgery and aesthetic medicine. At the same time, mechanisms of reparation need further investigation in clinical trials.

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Innovations in retinoblastoma treatment and reflection to enucleation rate of 362 eyes of 262 CASES: Twenty years retrospective assessment at Ankara University.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e22509 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e22509-e22509

Author(s):

Emel Cabi Unal ◽

Hande Tosun ◽

Nurdan Tacyildiz ◽

Handan Dincaslan ◽

Kaan Gunduz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Local Treatment ◽

Vitreous Hemorrhage ◽

Systemic Involvement ◽

Retrospective Assessment ◽

Recent Developments ◽

History Of ◽

Group A ◽

Advanced Stages ◽

Group B ◽

Group D

e22509 Background: Enucleation used as the first-line tx option for RB, dx in advanced stages. Methods: To evaluate the enucleation rates of RB cases in 20 years period, to emphasize the recent developments in the tx of RB that contribute to the improvement of tx outcomes. Results: 262 patients, with the dx of RB between June 1998 &December 2018 in Ankara University Departmant of Pediatric Oncology were evaluated retrospectively. The M / F ratio was 1.2, mean age at dx 19.39 mos; 22.7 mos for unilateral &14.1 mos for bilateral dx. 61.8% of the patients had unilateral, 38.2% bilateral RB. 362 eyes were evaluated, 12.5% of the patients had a family history of RB bilateral dx was more frequent. The initial findings were leucocori in 58%& strabismus in 27.9%, similar to the literature. According to ICRB, 6% of the patients were diagnosed in Group A, 22% in Group B, 19% in Group C, 22% in Group D and 31% in Group E. Patients with bilateral dx were diagnosed at an earlier stage. Enucleation, in 50.5% of 362 eyes analyzed. There was no enucleated eye in Group A. In group B,10.1% of the eyes were enucleated, as of recurrence. 32.3% of eyes in Group C, 60.7% of eyes in Group D and 92.9% of eyes in Group E were enucleated. Enucleation was performed in 25.4% of the eyes within the first month after dx as of the advanced stage. 33.7% of of the eyes who did not have enucleation at the time of dx required enucleation at FU. The most common causes of enucleation were tumor recurrence, total retinal detachment & vitreous hemorrhage. The tx methods other than enucleation are systemic CT, RT & local treatments; cryotherapy, thermotherapy, episcleral brachytherapy, intravitreal CT & intraarterial CT. Systemic CT applied to 77% of the patients.CT protocol were VEC and ICE.RT was applied to 17% of the patients. After 2012, radiotherapy was used only in 2 patients with systemic involvement. Cryotherapy was performed in 48.3% of the eyes, thermotherapy in 38.6%, episcleral brachytherapy in 3.8% of the eyes included.Intraarterial CT to be used after 2004 was applied to 16.6% of eyes dx & intravitreal CT was used after 2009 was applied to13.2% of eyes. Enucleation was avoided in 84.6% of eyes in which these two tx modalities were applied together. Enucleation rates of 56.3% &61.2% between 1998-2004 and 2004-2009, respectively; with active use of intraarterial and intravitreal CT, decreased to 40.2% between 2009-2018. Conclusions: It was observed that enucleation rates &RT gradually decreased with using systemic CT and local treatment methods.

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Prophylactic and Therapeutic Antibiotic Patterns of Lebanese Dentists for the Management of Dentoalveolar Abscesses

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1867 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 425-433 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ghada Asmar ◽

Dominique Cochelard ◽

Jacques Mokhbat ◽

Mohamed Lemdani ◽

Ahmed Haddadi

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Prescription ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Local Treatment ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Medical Community ◽

Chi Square ◽

Systemic Involvement ◽

Increased Risk ◽

General Dentists

ABSTRACT Introduction General dentists issue approximately 10% of antibiotic prescriptions across the global medical community consummation. The use of antibiotics for the management of dentoalveolar infections should be considered only in the presence of an increased risk of a systemic involvement or to prevent metastatic infections. This study aimed to investigate the prophylactic and therapeutic antibiotic prescription patterns of Lebanese dentists for the management of dentoalveolar abscesses. The aim was to evaluate the influence of the patients’ medical condition and clinical signs data on the patterns of antibiotics prescription. Materials and methods Only patients with a dentoalveolar abscess were included in the study. Age, medical history, reason for consultation, clinical signs and symptoms, diagnosis, type of local treatment, and type of antibiotherapy were collected for each patient attending dental clinics in Beirut. The data were analyzed with chi-square test and multivariate regression. Results Out of the 563 initial patients, 127 were selected for the study and received a local treatment. The patient's medical condition and age did not affect the decision to prescribe antibiotics 36.2% patients with pain and 11.8% patients with swelling were prescribed antibiotics. Pain and swelling contributed to a higher level of antibiotic prescription compared to other signs and symptoms. Antibiotics were prescribed inappropriately to 51.76 and 38.10% among patients with an acute or chronic dentoalveolar abscess respectively. The main prescribed antibiotic was amoxicillin. Conclusion This study showed that dentists often did not follow the current prophylactic and therapeutic antibiotic prescription guidelines. Clinical significance Antibiotics prescriptions in dentistry will be more pertinent, leading to a decrease in inadequacy of prescriptions, microbial resistance, and the development of multiresistant germs against antibiotics. How to cite this article Asmar G, Cochelard D, Mokhbat J, Lemdani M, Haddadi A, Ayoub F. Prophylactic and Therapeutic Antibiotic Patterns of Lebanese Dentists for the Management of Dentoalveolar Abscesses. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(6):425-433.

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Analysis and Simulation of Medium-Frequency Power Supply Based on PSCAD

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.1104 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 960-961 ◽

pp. 1104-1107

Author(s):

Jian Feng Ren ◽

Shu Tao Zhao ◽

Yu Tao Xu ◽

Dan Jiang

Keyword(s):

Power Supply ◽

Transient Analysis ◽

Pulse Width Modulation ◽

Working Process ◽

Medium Frequency ◽

Electromagnetic Transient ◽

Power Supply Circuit ◽

Medium Frequency Power Supply ◽

And Control ◽

Frequency Power

The work process of medium-frequency power supply is complicated .Its waveform is complex and can not be measured conveniently. Therefore,This paper focuses on the analysis of operating principles and control methods of medium-frequency power supply, to determine its basic structural units.A simulation model of medium-frequency power supply which is controlled by pulse width modulation (PWM) is built with the electromagnetic transient analysis software PSCAD. The simulation and analysis of the medium-frequency power supply circuit are performed on the basis of the model.The simulation waveform can reflect the working process of medium-frequency power supply accurately. So this paper will provide a reliable basis for further research of medium-frequency furnace.

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