EVALUASI KOMBINASI ISOLAT TRICHODERMA MIKOPARASIT DALAM MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT AKAR PUTIH PADA BIBIT KARET

Evaluation of mycoparasitic Trichoderma isolate mixtures to control white root disease on rubber seedlings. Eight isolates of mycoparasitic Trichoderma, as single cultures or in isolate mixtures were tested for their biocontrol efficacy against rubber seedlings inoculated with one of three strains of Rigidoporus lignosus. Biocontrol efficacy of isolates was varied, but not significantly affected by strains of R. lignosus. Mixtures of four isolates were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the disease severity and percentage of root necrotic as compared to mixtures of two isolates as well as single isolates. The highest disease suppression (65% relative to control) and reduction of inocula on rubber wood sticks (91% relative to control) was achieved in four isolate mixtures of Trichoderma virens (T1+T4+ T9+ T11).

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Antagonisme Trichoderma spp. terhadap Jamur Rigidoporus lignosus (Klotzsch) Imazeki dan Penekanan Penyakit Jamur Akar Putih pada Tanaman Karet

Agrikultura ◽

10.24198/agrikultura.v28i1.13226 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Endah Yulia Yulia ◽

Noor Istifadah ◽

Fitri Widiantini ◽

Hilda Sandra Utami

Keyword(s):

Mass Culture ◽

Control Method ◽

Block Design ◽

Root Disease ◽

Disease Suppression ◽

Dual Culture ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Rigidoporus Lignosus

ABSTRACTAntagonisms of Trichoderma spp. against Rigidoporus lignosus (Klotzsch) Imazeki and Supression of White Root Disease on Rubber PlantWhite root disease caused by the infection of fungal pathogen Rigidoporus lignosus is an important disease on rubber plants. The pathogen infects the rubber roots but then might cause leaf drop or even kill the plants. Common control method used in controlling the disease is the application of synthetic fungicides besides increasing application of biological control agents (BCA) as an alternative control method. Trichoderma spp. is frequently used as BCA to control diseases in many plants. The aims of this study were to test the antagonism of Trichoderma spp. against R. lignosus and to assess the effectiveness of Trichoderma spp. corn starter in white root disease suppression on rubber seedlings. Trichoderma spp. The antagonism test was conducted using dual culture method in in vitro test. A randomized block design (RBD) experimental design was used in the glass house trial consisted of five treatments and five replications. Application of the Trichoderma spp. corn starter was combined with the application of compost in the treatments of 25 g BCA + 100 g of compost, 50 g BCA + 200 g of compost, 75 g BCA + 300 g of compost, 100 g of BCA + 400 g of compost, and a control treatment without BCA. The BCA Trichoderma spp. was applied in the same time with the inoculation of 20 g of corn mass culture of R. lignosus. The result of antagonism test showed that Trichoderma spp. isolate was effectively suppressed micelial growth of R. lignosus with the supperession percentage reached 90.82%. Meanwhile, the Trichoderma spp. BCA in corn starter was also suppressed the disease development on rubber seedlings with the highest disease suppression of 100% at the dose of 100 g BCA/seedling.Keywords: Trichoderma spp., biocontrol agents, white root disease, rubberABSTRAKPenyakit jamur akar putih (JAP) merupakan penyakit penting pada tanaman karet. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh infeksi patogen Rigidoporus lignosus pada akar tanaman karet yang dapat mengakibatkan daun gugur atau bahkan matinya tanaman. Pengendalian yang umum dilakukan adalah pengendalian kimia dengan menggunakan pestisida sintetik tetapi penggunaan agens biokontrol (ABK) juga telah mulai banyak dilakukan. Penggunaan Trichoderma spp. sebagai ABK telah banyak dilakukan untuk mengendalikan penyakit pada beberapa tanaman dengan hasil yang memuaskan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji antagonisme Trichoderma spp. terhadap jamur R. lignosus dan penekanan penyakit JAP pada bibit tanaman karet yang diberi perlakuan starter jagung pecah Trichoderma spp. Pengujian antagonisme dilakukan secara in vitro melalui metode dual culture. Percobaan rumah kaca dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri atas lima perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Aplikasi starter Trichoderma spp. dilakukan dengan tambahan kompos pada perlakuan 25 g ABK + 100 g kompos, 50 g ABK + 200 g kompos, 75 g ABK + 300 g kompos, 100 g ABK + 400 g kompos, dan perlakuan kontrol atau tanpa aplikasi ABK Trichoderma spp. Aplikasi ABK dilakukan bersamaan dengan inokulasi biakan massal jagung pecah jamur R. lignosus sebanyak 20 g/bibit. Hasil uji antagonisme menunjukkan isolatTrichoderma spp. efektif menekan pertumbuhan R. lignosus dengan penekanan mencapai 90,82%. Demikian juga dengan aplikasi starter jagung pecah Trichoderma spp. menunjukkan penekanan penyakit JAP pada bibit tanaman karet dengan penekanan penyakit mencapai 100% pada dosis 100 g ABK/bibit tanaman karet.Kata Kunci: Trichoderma spp., agens biokontrol, jamur akar putih, karet

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Keefektifan Biofungisida Trichoderma sp. dengan Tiga Jenis Bahan Pembawa terhadap Jamur Akar Putih Rigidoporus microporus

Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar ◽

10.21082/jtidp.v3n1.2016.p37-44 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 37 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Widi Amaria ◽

Funny Soesanthy ◽

Yulius Ferry

Keyword(s):

Factorial Design ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Root Disease ◽

Disease Suppression ◽

Trichoderma Virens ◽

Incubation Stage ◽

Trichoderma Sp ◽

Disease Attack ◽

Screen House ◽

Research Institute

The effectiveness of Trichoderma sp as biocontrol for white root disease is determined by the environment, thus it is best applied as biofungicide. The application of Trichoderma sp. with suitable carrier is expected to suppress pathogen (Rigidoporus microporus) in rubber seedlings. The objective of the research was to study the effectiveness of Trichoderma sp. biofungicide with three types of carriers in controlling white root disease in rubber seedlings. The research was conducted in Plant Protection Laboratory and screen house of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), Sukabumi, from July to December 2013. The experiment used a factorial design with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor is 4 types of Trichoderma, namely Trichoderma virens, T. hamatum, T. amazonicum, dan T. atroviride whereas the second factor is the three types of carrier, namely molasses, compost, and talc. The biofungicide were made of four species of Trichoderma and the three carriers thus resulting in 12 biofungicides. The spora population of Trichoderma sp. was 108 spores/ml from which then 100 ml or gram applied on each plant. Rubber seedlings used were of AVROS 2037 clones, 3 months old clone-grafted seedlings grown in polybag. Observations were on the incubation stage, the intensity of the white root disease attack, the disease suppression, and the population of Trichoderma sp. in soil. The results showed no interactions between types of Trichoderma with types of carrier. The four Trichoderma species studied had similar suppressing effectivity on white root disease in rubber seedlings. Talc, compost, and molasses increased the Trichoderma sp. growth but talc was shown had the highest effectivity in suppressing the disease.

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Efficacy of Different Level of Systemic Fungicides on Management of Rice Blast at Baitadi, Nepal

The Geographic Base ◽

10.3126/tgb.v7i0.34267 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 33-42

Author(s):

Ashok Acharya ◽

Prabin Ghimire ◽

Dhurba Raj Joshi ◽

Kishor Shrestha ◽

Govinda Sijapati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Rice Blast ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Block Design ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Disease Suppression ◽

Systemic Fungicide ◽

Disease Development ◽

Systemic Fungicides ◽

Different Levels

Rice blast (Pyriculariaoryzae Cavara) is one of the most devastating diseases affecting the rice crop in across the world. Systemic fungicides are used for the suppression of blast diseases caused by fungal pathogens. Propiconazole and Carbendazim are commercial chemical control products available in markets for the control of the fungal pathogen. An experiment was conducted to examine the effectiveness of systemic fungicide on suppression of rice blast incidence in farmers' field during wet seasons in 2016. The treatments consisted of the use of different levels of propiconazole and Carbendazim on ‘Rato Basmati’ a landrace rice variety. The experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The disease was scored according to the standard scale developed by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). Disease severity and Area under Disease Progressive curve (AUDPC) was computed based on that scale score. Propiconazole and Carbendazim at different levels reduce disease development than no treatment (control). But its efficacy was not consistent. The magnitude of disease suppression by Propiconazole was high as compared to Carbendazim. The application of propiconazole at the rate of 1.5 ml effectively reduced disease severity and AUDPC at different dates. So propiconazole at the rate of 1.5 ml thrice at weekly intervals is effective to reduce the disease development

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Effect of three composts with active ingredients of Pseudomonas fluorescens on the development of white root disease and production of rubber plants

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d220817 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

Author(s):

NURHAYATI DAMIRI ◽

RIZAL ROFIQI ◽

MULAWARMAN MULAWARMAN ◽

SUPLI E. RAHIM ◽

TRI RAPANI FEBYANTI

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽

Active Ingredient ◽

Root Disease ◽

Biological Agent ◽

The Other ◽

Active Ingredients ◽

Severe Infections ◽

Rigidoporus Lignosus ◽

The Impact ◽

Latex Production

Abstract. Damiri N, Rofiqi R, Mulawarnam, Rahim SE, Febyanti TP. 2021. Effect of three composts with active ingredients of Pseudomonas fluorescens on the development of white root disease and production of rubber plants. Biodiversitas 22: 3237-3242. White root disease (WRD) caused by Rigidoporus lignosus is a very dangerous disease and a scourge for rubber farmers because it can result in decreased production and kill rubber plants. This research was conducted to observe the impact of compost enriched with the biological agent Pseudomonas fluorescens on the development of white root disease and production in rubber plants. The results showed that the application of compost with active ingredient of P. fluorescens isolates A and B reduced the severity of white root disease in plants with mild, moderate and severe infections, 34.12%, 29.31% and 57.21% respectively. Application of compost with P. fluorescens isolates A and B, either singly or in combination, can increase latex production. The treatment of giving compost enriched with P. fluorescens isolates AR and ABR on rubber plants infected with mild WRD resulted in the highest latex production of 406 gm and 402.74 gm per plant, respectively. These two treatments did not differ from each other but were significantly different from the other treatments and controls.

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A new approach to the search for indicators of root disease suppression

Australasian Plant Pathology ◽

10.1071/ap99001 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 4 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

A.H.C. van Bruggen ◽

A.M. Semenov

Keyword(s):

Root Disease ◽

Disease Suppression ◽

New Approach

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Distribution, Severity, and Spread of Armillaria Root Disease in Kenya Tea Plantations

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1997.81.2.133 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 81 (2) ◽

pp. 133-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

J. M. Onsando ◽

P. M. Wargo ◽

S. W. Waudo

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Management Practice ◽

Woody Debris ◽

Root Disease ◽

Disease Spread ◽

Tree Roots ◽

Tea Plantations ◽

Armillaria Root Disease ◽

Residual Tree ◽

Tea Plants

Surveys for Armillaria root disease severity were conducted over a 5-year period in small tea farms (0.5 to 1.0 ha) in the 12 tea-growing districts of Kenya. The disease occurred in all tea districts, but severity was greater in the districts east of the Rift Valley. Disease severity was associated with relative amounts of residual woody debris, especially roots, from trees and shrubs present when the land was converted to tea plantations. Excavation of tea bushes in disease centers showed that infection of tea bushes occurred primarily by mycelial growth from residual tree roots and from infected tea roots rather than from rhizomorphs. Rhizomorphs were scarce, and rarely involved in infection. They were confined mostly to the surface of the residual tree roots and were found growing freely in the soil in only one tea district. Rhizomorphs were more abundant in higher elevation plantations than in lower elevation plantations, where they occurred only on residual tree roots in the deeper, cooler, moister levels of the soil. Inoculum from residual tree debris in the soil was the most important source of infection in plantations of seed origin. Secondary spread from infected tea plants to healthy ones was limited and disease centers were small. In tea plantations derived from clonal cuttings, secondary disease spread from infected to healthy tea plants was more important resulting in large disease centers or gaps due to plant death and removal. Currently, soil sanitation by thorough removal of roots of forest trees and prompt removal of infected tea bushes is the best available management practice.

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Peptide Synthetase Gene in Trichoderma virens

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.67.11.5055-5062.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 67 (11) ◽

pp. 5055-5062 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

S. E. Wilhite ◽

R. D. Lumsden ◽

D. C. Straney

Keyword(s):

Iron Acquisition ◽

Pythium Ultimum ◽

Gene Replacement ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Disease Suppression ◽

Acyl Transfer ◽

Trichoderma Virens ◽

Conserved Motifs ◽

Peptide Synthetases ◽

Peptide Synthetase

ABSTRACT Trichoderma virens (synonym, Gliocladium virens), a deuteromycete fungus, suppresses soilborne plant diseases caused by a number of fungi and is used as a biocontrol agent. Several traits that may contribute to the antagonistic interactions ofT. virens with disease-causing fungi involve the production of peptide metabolites (e.g., the antibiotic gliotoxin and siderophores used for iron acquisition). We cloned a 5,056-bp partial cDNA encoding a putative peptide synthetase (Psy1) fromT. virens using conserved motifs found within the adenylate domain of peptide synthetases. Sequence similarities with conserved motifs of the adenylation domain, acyl transfer, and two condensation domains support identification of the Psy1 gene as a gene that encodes a peptide synthetase. Disruption of the native Psy1 gene through gene replacement was used to identify the function of this gene. Psy1 disruptants produced normal amounts of gliotoxin but grew poorly under low-iron conditions, suggesting that Psy1 plays a role in siderophore production. Psy1 disruptants cannot produce the major T. virens siderophore dimerum acid, a dipetide of acylatedN δ-hydroxyornithine. Biocontrol activity against damping-off diseases caused byPythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani was not reduced by the Psy1 disruption, suggesting that iron competition through dimerum acid production does not contribute significantly to disease suppression activity under the conditions used.

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Wheat Genotype-Specific Recruitment of Rhizosphere Bacterial Microbiota Under Controlled Environments

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.718264 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Christine Jade Dilla-Ermita ◽

Ricky W. Lewis ◽

Tarah S. Sullivan ◽

Scot H. Hulbert

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Root Disease ◽

Disease Suppression ◽

Growth Chamber ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

Rhizoctonia Root Rot ◽

Bacterial Microbiota ◽

Controlled Environments ◽

Viable Approach

Plants recruit beneficial microbial communities in the rhizosphere that are involved in a myriad of ecological services, such as improved soil quality, nutrient uptake, abiotic stress tolerance, and soil-borne disease suppression. Disease suppression caused by rhizosphere microbiomes has been important in managing soil-borne diseases in wheat. The low heritability of resistance in wheat to soil-borne diseases like Rhizoctonia root rot has made management of these diseases challenging, particularly in direct-seeded systems. Identification of wheat genotypes that recruit rhizosphere microbiomes that promote improved plant fitness and suppression of the pathogen could be an alternative approach to disease management through genetic improvement. Several growth chamber cycling experiments were conducted using six winter wheat genotypes (PI561725, PI561727, Eltan, Lewjain, Hill81, Madsen) to determine wheat genotypes that recruit suppressive microbiomes. At the end of the third cycle, suppression assays were done by inoculating R. solani into soils previously cultivated with specific wheat genotypes to test suppression of the pathogen by the microbiome. Microbiome composition was characterized by sequencing of 16S rDNA (V1-V3 region). Among the growth cycling lengths, 160-day growth cycles exhibited the most distinct rhizosphere microbiomes among the wheat genotypes. Suppression assays showed that rhizosphere microbiomes of different wheat genotypes resulted in significant differences in shoot length (value of p=0.018) and had an impact on the pathogenicity of R. solani, as observed in the reduced root disease scores (value of p=0.051). Furthermore, soils previously cultivated with the ALMT1 isogenic lines PI561725 and PI561727 exhibited better seedling vigor and reduced root disease. Microbiome analysis showed that Burkholderiales taxa, specifically Janthinobacterium, are differentially abundant in PI561727 and PI561725 cultivated soils and are associated with reduced root disease and better growth. This study demonstrates that specific wheat genotypes recruit different microbiomes in growth chamber conditions but the microbial community alterations were quite different from those previously observed in field plots, even though the same soils were used. Genotype selection or development appears to be a viable approach to controlling soil-borne diseases in a sustainable manner, and controlled environment assays can be used to see genetic differences but further work is needed to explain differences seen between growth chamber and field conditions.

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Pellet Formulation of Trichoderma Isolated from Aceh with Potential for Biocontrol of Phytophthora Sp. on Cacao Sedlings

Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology ◽

10.32530/jaast.v3i2.120 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 202-212

Author(s):

Rina Sriwati ◽

Tjut Chamzhurni ◽

Alfizar Alfizar ◽

Bonny PW Soekarno ◽

Vina Maulidia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Control Agent ◽

Diameter Growth ◽

Good Ability ◽

Trichoderma Isolate ◽

Pellet Formulation

Molleculler study was conducted to identify several species of Trichoderma isolate from several plant (Pine, Cacao, Gliceria, Nutmeg, Bamboo, Coffee, Potato). The growth of eight species Trichodermaafter pelleting formulation has been observed. Pellet Trichoderma harzianum have good ability to growth on PDA medium after 4 weeks storage. Base on their mycelium diameter growth on PDA, T. harzianum have selected as potential species on pellet formulation growth. Several dose of pellet formulation have been applied for controlling Phythopthora disease. The application of T. harzianum pellets in the form of a 2 g / 100 ml (S1) suspension effective in inhibiting the development of Phytophthora sp in cacao seedlings, when the higher concentrations of T. harzianum pellets applied to cacao seeds,the disease severity increase. Pellet Trichoderma could be use as biological control agent of cacao seedling in certain dosage.

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Growth response of spruce infected by Inonotus tomentosus in Alaska and interactions with spruce beetle

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x05-081 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 1455-1463 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kathy J Lewis ◽

R Douglas Thompson ◽

Lori Trummer

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Cross Section ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Relative Volume ◽

Root Disease ◽

Kenai Peninsula ◽

Primary Roots ◽

Cross Section Area ◽

Spruce Beetle ◽

The Impact

Thirty-eight trees from Alaska's Kenai Peninsula and 39 from the interior near Fairbanks (Delta Junction) were sampled by detailed stem dissections to determine the impact of tomentosus root disease [Inonotus tomentosus (Fr.: Fr.) S. Teng] on growth and decay volume in spruce, with and without the influence of past spruce beetle activity in stands. Disease severity was assessed by the number of primary roots (out of four) infected and by the average proportion of root cross-section area colonized by stain and (or) decay. Butt rot volumes were positively related to disease severity at both locations, but only the Delta Junction trees showed a significant negative relationship between relative volume increment and disease severity. Substantial mortality of spruce, caused by the spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby)), has occurred on the Kenai Peninsula since the late 1970s. Mortality of overstory spruce trees released surviving trees from competition, causing compensatory growth in healthy to moderately infected trees, which masked the effect of the root disease. We found that the magnitude of growth release was negatively related to disease severity and that the mean proportion of root cross-section with decay or stain was a better estimator of disease impact on tree growth.

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