scholarly journals Comparison of Types and Size of Biomass on Pirolysis Combustion Toward The Results of Bio-Charcoal and Liquid Smoke

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemas Ridhuan, Dwi Irawan, Rahmady Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Smoke Yield

Biomass is a renewable carbon source and can be processed into gas fuels, liquid and solid fuels. Biomass has several types with different grain sizes. Biomass can be converted to other forms of energy by combustion pyrolysis. Pyrolysis is the chemical decomposition of organic matter through a heating process at high temperatures with little or no oxygen. The results of the pyrolysis process in the form of bio-charcoal and liquid smoke. The purpose of this research was to determine the comparison of types and sizes of biomass in pyrolysis combustion with characteristics of bio-charcoal and liquid smoke. This research method uses rubber shell biomass waste, green coconut husk and rice husk. Biomass is burned by slow pyrolysis in the reactor with biomass fuel. Combustion in reactors and pitot tubes containing biomass. Measured temperature, time, amount of biomass, bio-charcoal and liquid smoke and the heating value of bio-charcoal. The research results obtained the heating value of rubber shell bio-charcoal at 6661.55 cal / gr, bio-charcoal yield of 2.3 kg, liquid smoke yield of 0.242 kg, green coconut husk biomass heating value amounted to 5388.56 cal/gr, the yield of 1.8 kg of bio-charcoal, the result of liquid smoke of 0.308 kg. and rice husk biomass obtained the heating value of 3626.48 cal/gr with a bio-charcoal yield of 1.3 kg resulting from liquid smoke of 0.284 kg. Keywords: Combustion, Pyrolysis, Liquid Smoke, Charcoal, Biomass

scholarly journals Potential of Biochar Derived from Agricultural Residues for Sustainable Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8147
Author(s):  
Sasiwimol Khawkomol ◽  
Rattikan Neamchan ◽  
Thunchanok Thongsamer ◽  
Soydoa Vinitnantharat ◽  
Boonma Panpradit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Horizontal Drum ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

A horizontal drum kiln is a traditional method widely used in Southeast Asian countries for producing biochar. An understanding of temperature conditions in the kiln and its influence on biochar properties is crucial for identifying suitable biochar applications. In this study, four agricultural residues (corncob, coconut husk, coconut shell, and rice straw) were used for drum kiln biochar production. The agricultural residues were turned into biochar within 100–200 min, depending on their structures. The suitability of biochar for briquette fuels was analyzed using proximate, ultimate, and elemental analysis. The biochar’s physical and chemical properties were characterized via bulk density, iodine number, pHpzc, SEM, and FTIR measurements. All biochars had low O/C and H/C ratios and negative charge from both carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. Coconut husk and shell biochar had desirable properties such as high heating value and a high amount of surface functional groups which can interact with nutrients in soil. These biochars are thus suitable for use for a variety of purposes including as biofuels, adsorbents, and as soil amendments.

scholarly journals The Effects of Rice Husk Liquid Smoke in Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Periodontitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresia Indah Budhy ◽  
Ira Arundina ◽  
Meircurius Dwi Condro Surboyo ◽  
Anisa Nur Halimah
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Proliferation Markers ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Α

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of rice husk liquid smoke in Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontitis in the inflammatory and proliferation marker such as nuclear factor kappa β (NF-kB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), collagen type 1 (COL-1) expression, and the number of macrophages, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts. Materials and Methods Rice husk liquid smoke is obtained by the pyrolysis process. Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontitis in 20 μL phosphate-buffered saline containing 1 × 109 CFU was injected into the lower anterior gingival sulcus of Wistar rats. The periodontitis was then treated with 20 μL/20 g body weight of rice husk liquid smoke once a day for 2 and 7 days, respectively. After treatment, the bone and lower anterior gingival sulcus were analyzed with immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin–eosin staining. Results The treatment of periodontitis with rice husk liquid smoke showed a lower NF-kB, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression and a higher TGF-β, FGF2, and COL-1 expression than the control after treatment for 2 and 7 days (p < 0.05), respectively. The number of macrophages and fibroblasts was also higher when compared with the control group (p < 0.05), but the number of lymphocytes was lower than the control (p < 0.05). Conclusion Rice husk liquid smoke showed its effects on Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontitis with a decrease in inflammatory markers and an increase in proliferation markers. The development of a rice husk liquid smoke periodontitis treatment is promising.

The measuring system for monitoring the microarc heating process during surface hardening of steel products

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Makar S. Stepanov ◽  
rina G. Koshlyakova
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Steel Sample ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Carbon Powder ◽  
Measured Temperature

The accelerated heat treatment during steel products hardening technology has been investigated. The possibility of measuring the temperature of steel products by thermoelectric platinum-platinum-rhodium thermocouple under microarc heating conditions is analyzed. During the experiments, working junctions of two S-type thermocouples: working and standard, were coined into the sample surface at the same level. The free thermocouples ends were connected to a digital multimeter and a personal computer. It was determined that 5 factors affect the measurement results: the electric current strength in the circuit, carbon powder, calibration, number of repeated measurement cycles, and a thermocouple copy. When planning the experiment, the concept of conducting a step-by-step nested experiment was used. Variance analysis method was used to process the experimental results. The measurement method precision parameters were calculated: repeatability and reproducibility. A linear mathematical model linking the measurement method reproducibility index with the measured temperature value has been obtained. A linear mathematical model is obtained that relates the reproducibility index of the measurement method to the measured temperature value. A measuring system for the experimental determination of the temperature of a steel sample is proposed and its application is justified for different electric current densities on the sample surface and varying duration of microarc heating. The possibilities of selecting and controlling the microarc heating modes depending on the required temperature of the heat treatment of the steel product are determined.

scholarly journals The use of Liquid Smoke as A Substitute for Nitric Acid for Extraction of Amorphous silica from Rice husk through Sol-Gel Route

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 2079-2085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasinton Simanjuntak ◽  
Simon Sembiring ◽  
Kamisah Kamisah ◽  
D. Pandiangan ◽  
Faradilla Syani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Amorphous Silica ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Liquid Smoke

Rice Husk Reinforcement in Polymer Composites

2016 ◽  
pp. 165-191
Author(s):  
Sanjay Sharma ◽  
Deepak Verma
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
Fibre Composites ◽  
Petroleum Reserves

Increasing concern about global warming and depleting petroleum reserves and the high cost of petroleum products had made scientists to focus more on the use of natural fibres such as rice husk, baggase, coconut husk, hemp, sisal, jute, flax, banana etc. Past decade has shown many efforts to develop composites to replace the Petroleum and other non-decaying material products. Reinforcement with natural fibre in composites has recently gained attention due to low cost, easy availability, low density, acceptable, strength full, stiffness, ease of separation, enhanced energy recovery, biodegradability and recyclable in nature. Natural fibre composites are suitable as wood substitutes in the construction sector. All these have excellent physical, thermal and mechanical properties and can be utilized more effectively in the development of composite materials. In this connection, an investigation has been carried using rice husk, a natural fibre abundantly available in India.

Calibration of External Heat Transfer Coefficients During Cooling of a Partially-Filled Water Tank Using Measured Temperature-Time Data

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Ramesh ◽  
Sandip Mazumder ◽  
Gurpreet Matharu ◽  
Dhaval Vaishnav ◽  
Syed Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Temperature Time

A combined Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and experimental approach is presented to determine (calibrate) the external convective heat transfer coefficients (h) around a partially-filled water tank cooled in a climactic chamber. A CFD analysis that includes natural convection in both phases (water and air) was performed using a 2D-axisymmetric tank model with three prescribed average heat transfer coefficients for the top, side and bottom walls of the tank. The commercial CFD code ANSYS-Fluent™, along with User-Defined Functions (UDFs), were utilized to compute and extract temperature vs. time curves at five different thermocouple locations within the tank. The prescribed h values were then altered to match experimentally obtained temperature-time data at the same locations. The calibration was deemed successful when results from the simulations exhibited match with experimental data within ±2°C for all thermocouples. The calibrated h values were finally used in full-scale 3D simulations and compared to the experimental data to test their accuracy. Predicted 3D results were found to agree with experimental results within the error of the calibration, thereby lending credibility to the overall approach.

Microbial Assessment of Grey Water Samples Treated with Activated Carbon Forms of Selected Agro-wastes

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Nduka Chidimma Adamma ◽  
Okereke Josephat Nwabueze ◽  
Peter, Chukwudi
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Fungi

This study evaluated the efficacy of activated carbon from rice husk, corn cob and coconut husk wastes in the reduction of microbial properties of grey water samples harvested from students’ hostels. Microscopic characterization, enumerations and identification of microbial isolates were carried out to determine the microbial community before and after the treatment with activated carbon.  Staphylococcus sp, Micrococcus sp, Bacillus sp, Salmonella sp, Saccharomyces sp and Penicillium sp were observed to be present in the grey water. Before treatment, Total Heterotrophic Count (THC) was 1.2 x 1011cfu/ml, Total Coliform Count (TCC), 6.4 x 106cfu/ml and Total Fungi Count (TFC) 2.2 x 1010cfu/ml. THC after the treatment ranged from 1.69 x 109 - 7.6 x 1010cfu/ml; TCC, 2.2 x 105 - 7.3 x 108cfu/ml and TFC 1.0 x 108 - 1.2 x 109cfu/ml. Reduction in the microbial load after treatment revealed that activated carbons from rice husk, corn cob and coconut husk can be used singly or in combined states for the treatment of wastewater.

scholarly journals Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass waste under low temperature condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 01025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herlian Eriska Putra ◽  
Enri Damanhuri ◽  
Kania Dewi ◽  
Ari Darmawan Pasek
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Stirred Reactor

In this paper, the use of banana peel for energy purposes was investigated. Banana peel is a lignocellulosic waste since it is the most widely produced and consumed fruit in Indonesia. Among the others, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) was chosen as alternative themochemical process, suitable for high moisture biomass. Through a 1 L stirred reactor, hydrothermal treatments were performed under low temperature condition (190, 210 and 230 °C), residence times (30 and 60 min), and biomass to water ratio (1:3, 1:5, and 1:10). Three of product were collected from the process with primary material balance. Solid phase (hydrochar) was evaluated in terms of calorific value, proximate and ultimate analysis. The results suggested that the hydrothermal carbonization of banana peel gave high heating value (HHV) of 20.09 MJ/kg for its char after dried naturally.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document