scholarly journals Does Money Matter? Childbearing Behaviour of Swedish Students in the 1980's and 1990's

2011 ◽  
pp. 5-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Thalberg
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Student Financial Aid ◽  
Earned Income ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
Economic Constraints ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Postponement

Education is considered to be one of the primary factors behind postponement of childbearing, as students have significantly lower fertility than non-students of the same age. The low fertility of students may have many different explanations. This study focus on the impact of economic and policy factors on the relationship between study enrolment and childbearing in Sweden. Using longitudinal data it is examined whether the student financial aid reform of 1989 had any effect on female students childbearing behaviour and whether female students relative childbearing propensi-ties change when controlling for their earned income. The results show that the reform had no noticeable impact on students childbearing behaviour. However, first birth risks for female students in all age groups are clearly related to earnings, indicating that the postponement of childbearing until completion of education is, to some degree, a matter of economic constraints.

LOW FERTILITY RATE AND CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOR OF HOUSEHOLDS IN TAIWAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (01) ◽  
pp. 175-190
Author(s):  
JR-TSUNG HUANG ◽  
JIUN-NAN PAN ◽  
MING-LEI CHANG ◽  
SHIH-YI YOU
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Disposable Income ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
County Level ◽  
Health Care Education ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Consumption Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Since the economic consequences of a low fertility rate, such as a change in consumption patterns, might affect the path of economic growth, this study investigates how the relationship between the low fertility rate and consumption behavior in Taiwan has changed over time. Using county-level panel data from 1995 to 2014 to examine the impact of the low fertility rate on the consumption behavior of households in Taiwan, the major finding of this study is that a low fertility rate will change the behavior and the composition of consumption. A low fertility rate will increase the share of the total consumption expenditure in a household’s disposable income, in particular, in relation to the consumption categories of food, health care, education, and transportation and communication, but will decrease the share of expenditure on clothing in the household’s disposable income.

scholarly journals Do alternative weighting approaches for an Index of Multiple Deprivation change the association with mortality? A sensitivity analysis from Germany

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e028553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Schederecker ◽  
Christoph Kurz ◽  
Jon Fairburn ◽  
Werner Maier
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Area Deprivation ◽  
Multiple Deprivation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Weighting Procedures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Index Of Multiple Deprivation

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the impact of using different weighting procedures for the German Index of Multiple Deprivation (GIMD) investigating their link to mortality rates.Design and settingIn addition to the original (normative) weighting of the GIMD domains, four alternative weighting approaches were applied: equal weighting, linear regression, maximization algorithm and factor analysis. Correlation analyses to quantify the association between the differently weighted GIMD versions and mortality based on district-level official data from Germany in 2010 were applied (n=412 districts).Outcome measuresTotal mortality (all age groups) and premature mortality (<65 years).ResultsAll correlations of the GIMD versions with both total and premature mortality were highly significant (p<0.001). The comparison of these associations using Williams’s t-test for paired correlations showed significant differences, which proved to be small in respect to absolute values of Spearman’s rho (total mortality: between 0.535 and 0.615; premature mortality: between 0.699 and 0.832).ConclusionsThe association between area deprivation and mortality proved to be stable, regardless of different weighting of the GIMD domains. The theory-based weighting of the GIMD should be maintained, due to the stability of the GIMD scores and the relationship to mortality.

The impact of the motivation for status on consumers’ perceptions of retailer sustainability: the moderating impact of collectivism and materialism

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mertcan Tascioglu ◽  
Jacqueline Kilsheimer Eastman ◽  
Rajesh Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bandwagon Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of the study is to investigate consumers’ perceptions of status motivations on retailers’ sustainability efforts and whether collectivism and materialism moderate this relationship. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative research methodology using survey data was used. Data were collected by administering questionnaires from millennial respondents (n = 386) from the USA and Turkey. Findings The results show that cultural value (collectivism) and materialism can serve as moderators of the effects of status motivation and sustainability. The findings indicate that the link between status motivation and sustainability perceptions (both environmental and social sustainability) is stronger for more collectivist consumers. In terms of materialism, while it did not moderate the relationship between status motivation and perceptions of environmental sustainability, it did moderate the relationship between status motivation and perceptions of social sustainability, particularly the uniqueness aspect of materialism. Research limitations/implications The stronger link between status motivation and both environmental and social sustainability for collectivists suggests that the bandwagon effect may be impacting their need for status. The stronger link between status motivation and social sustainability for those more materialistic suggests that their need for status may be more impacted by a snob effect as they want to appear unique. The use of college students is a limitation of this study, and future research needs to explore a wider range of age groups to determine if there are generational differences. Additionally, future research could examine other cultural dimensions such as power distance and masculinity versus femininity. Practical implications Findings from this research provide insights for retailers, especially those targeting the status and luxury market when developing their sustainability plans. An interest in sustainability may aid consumers in meeting their need for status, particularly for those status consumers who are more collectivist, as a means to fit in with their group. For more materialistic consumers, retailers may want to focus more on unique social sustainability efforts that are more publicly noticeable. Social implications Social sustainability, a topic not studied as frequently as environmental sustainability, has significant implications for consumers. The findings suggest that the link between status motivation and social sustainability is stronger for collectivists, suggesting a bandwagon effect. Additionally, the authors find that the link between status motivation and social sustainability is stronger for materialists, particularly the uniqueness dimension of materialism, suggesting a snob effect. Originality/value The originality of this study lies in the exploration of how status motivation impacts consumers’ perceptions of retailers’ environmental and social sustainability efforts and if these relationships are moderated by collectivism and materialism. Few studies have examined social sustainability, especially in terms of culture.

DENOMINATIONAL AFFILIATION AND FERTILITY BEHAVIOUR IN AN AFRICAN CONTEXT: AN EXAMINATION OF COUPLE DATA FROM GHANA

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN OBENG GYIMAH ◽  
BAFFOUR TAKYI ◽  
ERIC YEBOAH TENKORANG
Keyword(s):  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Fertility Behaviour ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
African Context ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Religious Differences

SummaryAlthough studies have examined religious differences in fertility in sub-Saharan Africa, it is argued in this paper that using women-only sample data may be conceptually problematic in patriarchal African societies where the influence of husbands on their wives’ reproductive preferences is paramount. The present study contributes to this discourse by examining the relationship between religion and fertility behaviour using matched-couple data from Ghana. Guided by the ‘religious values’ and ‘characteristics’ hypotheses, the results indicate significant religious differences in fertility. Compared with Traditionalists, Christians and Muslims have lower fertility, albeit these differences diminish significantly after controlling for socioeconomic variables. The impact of wife’s religious denomination on marital fertility is attenuated after controlling for husband’s religious affiliation. Also, fertility was found to be higher if couples belong to the same faith compared with those of different faiths.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Big Five Personality Traits and Media Multitasking Behavior of the Indian Sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
S. Shukla
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Media Multitasking ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Media multitasking (MMT) is a growing phenomenon among Indian college students. Previous studies on other nationalities highlight that user’s personality traits play an important role in engaging them in this behavior. Using a sample of Indian college students, this study examined the relationship between MMT and the Big Five personality traits. It also examined the impact of age on the dynamics between personality and MMT. Results suggested that after controlling the socio-demographic factors, traits like openness to experience, extraversion, and neuroticism are positively related with high MMT. However, these observations are found to be moderated by age. These findings may help designing separate intervention techniques for alleviating excessive MMT behavior for different age groups considering their personality traits.

Gender, age and nationality: assessing their impact on conflict resolution styles

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwakemi Gbadamosi ◽  
Abbas Ghanbari Baghestan ◽  
Khalil Al-Mabrouk
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Older Students ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Conflict Resolution Styles ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the conflict resolution styles used by university students in handling conflicts, and to determine the effects (if any) of age, nationality and gender on how students respond to conflicts. Design/methodology/approach – The Thomas-Kilmann conflict mode instrument was adopted to assess the conflict resolution styles (accommodating, avoiding, collaborative, competitive and compromising) of post graduate students in a University in Malaysia. Both ANOVA and t-test analyses were utilized to investigate the relationship between, nationality, gender, age and conflict resolution styles used by students. Findings – Results of this study indicates that female students used competitive style more than male students, while male students are more likely to avoid conflicts. The older students were discovered to use more avoiding, while younger students are more likely to be competitive in nature. The findings did not reveal any significant differences in nationality. Originality/value – This paper expands its focus from gender (which is the most commonly tested category) to other categories such as age and nationality, thereby giving room for these new categories to be tested extensively in future researches. The results reveal that students not only use different conflict resolution styles to address conflicts, but also there exists differences in the styles used by students of different age groups and gender.

scholarly journals The Impact of Metamemory on the EFL Students` Achievement at Taif University

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Nasrah Mahmoud Ismaiel
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Female Students ◽  
First Year ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
Preparatory Year ◽  
First Year University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the current research is to scrutinize the relationship between metamemory and EFL learners` achievement. The participants were 250 first year university students who were chosen from a large sample of the preparatory year Science and Humanities streams at Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia. The objective of the research is twofold: (a) to assess whether metamemory can predict English language skills achievement (listening, speaking, reading, and writing, and (b) to assess if there exist notable discrepancies between male and female students and the different academic streams (the science stream and the humanities stream) on the metamemory factors. Students` metamemory was measured by the Metamemory questionnaire (SMSQ) of Tonkovic and Vranic (2011). The results of this study show that metamemory is a good predictor of the EFL students` language learning skills achievement. It also indicates that there are differences between male and female students on the metamemory factors in favor of females. Furthermore, the findings reaffirm that there are differences between the academic streams, in favor of the science stream.  

scholarly journals The impact of mandatory COVID-19 certificates on vaccine uptake: Synthetic Control Modelling of Six Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda C Mills ◽  
Tobias Ruettenauer
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Background. COVID certification has been introduced, yet there are no empirical evaluations of its impact on vaccine uptake. Methods. Mirroring an RCT, we designed a synthetic control model comparing six countries (Denmark, Israel, Italy, France, Germany, Switzerland) that introduced certification (May-August 2021), with 20 control countries. Our estimates provide a counterfactual trend estimating what would have happened in virtually identical circumstances if certificates were not introduced. The primary outcome was daily COVID-19 vaccine doses, with supplementary analyses of COVID-19 infections. Findings. COVID-19 certification led to increased vaccinations 20 days prior to implementation, with a lasting effect up to 40 days after. Countries with lower than average pre-intervention uptake had a more pronounced increase. In France, doses exceeded 25,895 vaccines per million capita (pmc) or in absolute terms, 1,749,589 doses prior to certification and 11,434 pmc after (772,563 doses). There was no effect in countries with higher uptake (Germany) or when introduced during limited supply (Denmark). There was higher uptake for <20 years and 20-29 years. Access restrictions linked to certain settings (nightclubs, events >1,000) were associated with higher uptake <20 years. When extended to broader settings, uptake remained high in the youngest group, but also observed in older age groups. The relationship of the intervention with reported infections was difficult to assess based on available data. Interpretation. We provide the first empirical assessment of the relationship between COVID-19 certification and vaccine uptake. Interpretation should recognise additional factors, including age eligibility changes and pandemic trajectories. We provide evidence that certification could increase vaccine uptake. Funding and Competing Interest Statement. MCM receives funding from the Leverhulme Trust (Large Centre Grant), European Research Council (835079) and participates in UK SAGE SPI-B (behavioural insights) committee. The funders had no role in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or writing of the report.

scholarly journals Religion and Desire for Additional Children in a Son-preference and Low Fertility Society: Evidence From Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Hai Yen ◽  
Truc Ngoc Hoang Dang ◽  
Pataporn Sukontamarn
Keyword(s):  
Son Preference ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Mekong River ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Fertility Desire ◽  
Religious People ◽  
Economic Regions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: The association between religion and desire for additional children has remained controversial and varies depending on the social context of the study. This study empirically investigates the relationship between religion and desire for additional children in Vietnam, a society characterized by son preference and low fertility. Methods: Using nationally representative data from the 2014 Vietnam Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, the study employs Probit regression analysis to investigate the relationship between religion and desire for additional children among women of reproductive age (15-49). The sample consists of 5,585 women across all six economic regions. Results: Religion has a strong impact on the desire to have an additional child, and the relationship differs across economic regions. In three out of six regions, Christians have higher fertility desire compared to non-religious people. Fertility desire of Buddhists differs from fertility desire of non-religious people in two out of six regions, namely Northern Midlands and Mekong River. Fertility desire of those belonging to other religions is different from that of non-religious people only in Mekong River. Conclusions: Identifying the impact of religion on desire for additional children can help promote appropriate family planning policies. The study also demonstrates that son preference exists in all regions of Vietnam, with the level increasing from the South, towards the Central and peaks in the North, especially in the regions bordering China.

The Impact of Lifestyle and Attitude Functions on Luxury Goods on Emotional Attachment Towards Luxury Brands

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-40
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kashani ◽  
Alireza Aslani ◽  
Mohammad R. Esfidani ◽  
Seyed Reza Seyed Javadin
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Emotional Attachment ◽  
Luxury Brands ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
Luxury Brand ◽  
Luxury Products ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of individuals' life on the consumers' emotional attachment to the luxury products. The mediation role of individuals' attitudes has been investigated for the relationship between lifestyle and emotional attachment. First, the respondents have been divided into four categories that relate to their lifestyle - concerning their income and desire for social status. Then, the authors deal with the investigation of lifestyle effect on the emotional attachment to the luxury products. The attitude of different age groups has been investigated by the mediation role of the lifestyle and emotional attachment. Finally, elements have been investigated including the accurate recognition of brand by the aristocratic class, communicative and non-communicative motives in different lifestyles, and the relation between price and brand prominence. The findings show that the individual's lifestyle influences on the emotional attachment to the luxury products, as well as the existing attitudes in different age groups mediate the relation between lifestyle and emotional attachment to the luxury brand. The aristocratic class accurately recognise the signs of luxury brands. Also, the motives of communicative and non-communicative individuals are expressed in a variety of styles. Finally, a connection between price and brand prominence is discussed.

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