scholarly journals Infrared drying of herbs (Research Note)

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. PÄÄKKÖNEN ◽  
J. HAVENTO ◽  
B. GALAMBOSI
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Petroselinum Crispum ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Infrared Drying ◽  
Angelica Archangelica

Drying experiments on peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), anise hyssop (Agastache foeniculum L.), parsley (Petroselinum crispum L.) and garden angelica (Angelica archangelica L.) were conducted using near infrared drying, operating at a product temperature of 35-50°C. The oil content, composition and residual water content of the dried herbs were determined. The microbiological quality of the fresh and the dried material was determined for total bacterial count and coliforms, moulds and yeasts. The results indicate that infrared radiation is has potential for drying herbs since it is gentle and shortens the processing time.

Evaluating the presence of human pathogens in commercially frozen, biologically appropriate raw pet food sold in Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 (7) ◽  
pp. e50-e50
Author(s):  
Benedetta Bottari ◽  
Elena Bancalari ◽  
Annalisa Barera ◽  
Sergio Ghidini ◽  
Monica Gatti
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Limit Set ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Pet Food ◽  
Pet Owners ◽  
Larger Sample

BackgroundBiologically appropriate raw food (BARF) diet is becoming more and more popular among pet owners in Europe. However, there are documented microbiological risks associated with raw feeding, and this study aimed to determine the presence of human pathogens in commercially frozen BARF products sold in Italy.MethodsSalmonella species, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter species were identified. The general microbiological quality of BARF products and hygiene were also evaluated. Sample size was limited and therefore the study may not be representative of a larger sample.ResultsNone of the tested samples showed total bacterial count (TBC) higher than the limit set to consider a sample unacceptable. However, 14 out of 21 samples showed TBC higher than the limit set to consider a sample marginally acceptable. A high percentage of samples were contaminated by the aforementioned pathogens, highlighting the need for pet owners to be aware of the risks of this feeding strategy both to themselves and to their pets.ConclusionsConsidering that BARF diet meals can be prepared at home using the hands, as well as tools and spaces that could be shared, guidelines on safer handling of these pet food products should be recommended by veterinarians and nutritionists.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZE OF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AND MILK QUALITY OF PRODUCTION UNITS IN THE SEMIARID REGION OF CEARÁ

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ângela Maria de Vasconcelos ◽  
Daniele Alves de Farias ◽  
Tereza Cristina Lacerta Gomes ◽  
Aline Vieira Landim ◽  
Robson Mateus Freitas Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Total Bacterial Count

Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize the production systems and milk quality of eight milk production units (MPU) in the semiarid region of the state of Ceará, Brazil. Individual interviews were conducted through a questionnaire on the characteristics of the properties and production systems. Samples of milk and water were collected for a period of 12 months. Four MPUs were classified as semi-specialized and four as non-specialized. No differences were observed in milk composition between the two production systems, and both showed protein, fat, and solids-not-fat levels. Differences were observed for somatic cell count. The semi-specialized systems showed an average somatic cell and total bacterial count which is above the limit established by the 62nd Normative Instruction. All water samples showed presence of Escherichia coli. Somatic cell count was positively correlated (fat) and negatively (lactose). For total bacterial count, correlations were negative for fat, total solids, and somatic cell count. The microbiological quality of milk is not in accordance with the 62st and 7th Normative Instructions. The specialization of the production systems did not result in improved microbiological aspects of milk.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation in Microbial Contamination of Various Food Items in Karachi

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Afsheen Aqeel ◽  
Tanveer Abbas ◽  
Zulfiqar Ali Mirani ◽  
Tooba Naveed ◽  
Niaz Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Autumn Season

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of seasonal variation on the microbiological quality of various food items collected from Karachi, Pakistan. A total of two thousand food samples were collected during summer, winter, spring, and autumn season and analyzed for total bacterial count (TBC), total Califarm count (TCC), Fecal califarm count (FCC), mould and yeast count (MYC) and Salmanella spp. The highest percentage of unfit samples was recorded during summer i.e. 25.95%, while the lowest value 11.24% and samples were found unfit in terms of total bacterial count during winter. Furthermore, 24.25% of samples were unsatisfactory during the autumn season followed by spring i.e. 14.54%. Moreover, findings further demonstrated that MYC was observed higher in all seasons as compared to TBC. None of the samples was found positive for Salmanella spp.    

scholarly journals Nutritional and microbiological quality of germinated soy flour

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
UF Shahjadee ◽  
AZ Rupa ◽  
MN Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Soy Flour ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Fecal Indicator

This investigation was carried out to evaluate the nutritional and microbiological quality of germinated soy flour. Protein content of germinated soy flour was 6.90% higher than the non-germinated soy flour. Essential amino acids content, including Lysine, Valine and Threonine was increased by 8.53%, 8.50% and 7.93% respectively. In addition, vitamin B2 and iron contents were also increased by 14.29% & 8.80% respectively, compared to non-germinated soy flour. Germination  resulted in nutritionally enriched soy flour as compared to non-germinationated one. The microbiological quality parameters including total bacterial count, total coliform count, fecal indicator Escherichia coli and yeast & mold count was found to be within acceptable level throughout the 6 months of storage at ambient temperature. No food borne pathogen including Salmonella spp. Staphylococcus aureus was detected. Furthermore, spore forming bacteria including Bacillus cereus was not detected in any of the germinated soy flour sample tested. In addition, fungal metabolites including aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 could not be detected in any sample. Nutritional and microbiological finding of this study, indicate the germinated soy flour could be used as raw material or ingredient for making diverse food and bakery products.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 51(3), 167-174, 2016

Effect of commercial probiotic (Protexin®) on growth, survival and microbial quality of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afshin Javadi ◽  
Seyed Amin Khatibi
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a dietary probiotic on the growth performance and survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp. Furthermore, the microbial quality of shrimp was evaluated. Design/methodology/approach Shrimp were divided into treatment and control groups (each group containing 45 shrimp). They were fed for four weeks with a control diet alone or supplemented with a commercial probiotic (Protexin®). At the end of the trial, they were assessed for survival rate, weight gain, average daily gain and specific growth rate. Samples of tail meat were also provided aseptically from peeled shrimp for bacteriological analysis including the count of Staphylococcus aureus, enterococci, Clostridium perfringens, fecal coliform, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and total bacterial count. Findings The growth performance of the probiotic-treated group significantly (p < 0.05) increased at the end of the experimental period. However, no significant differences were observed for the survival rate between the groups (p > 0.05). The count of C. perfringens and the total bacterial count in shrimp supplemented with the probiotic were significantly lower than those of controls (p < 0.05). The count of coliforms and S. aureus was not significantly different between the groups (p > 0.05). Originality/value It could be concluded that the probiotic bacteria have the potential to stimulate the growth performance of L. vannamei. They can also be used for biological control of food-borne pathogens and improve the microbial quality and safety of shrimp at the farm level.

scholarly journals Keeping Quality of Milk and the Age on Testing for Total Bacterial Count

1931 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Barkworth
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Keeping Quality ◽  
Quality Of Milk

During the period 1923–29 inclusive nearly six thousand samples of milk were tested at Wye for both total bacterial count and also keeping quality. An examination of the results shows that on the average the afternoon milks showed nine hours less keeping quality than morning milks of the same total bacterial count, see Table I. The age of the milk on testing for total bacterial count (reckoned from the time of milking) is 27–29 hours for morning milks and 20–24 hours for afternoon milks.

scholarly journals Microbiological Analysis of Pharmaceutical Non Injectable Drugs Produced in Dhaka, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ahmed T
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Injectable Drugs ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Fungal Load ◽  
States Pharmacopeia

Pharmaceutical drugs are applied and consumed by the patients with weak immune system and for this reason these products must be of good quality and within the required microbiological limit. Present study attempted to determine the microbiological quality of pharmaceutical non injectable oral and topical drugs as well as their antibacterial activity. A total of sixty samples were studied from different categories of medicine including syrup, tablet & capsule and ointments. Microbiological analysis was done after serial dilution. Antibacterial activity of the samples was also determined by Kirby-Bauer method. The total viable bacterial count of 9 syrups, 7 tablet & capsules and 13 ointments samples exceeded the microbial limit ˂102cfu/ml or cfu/gm recommended by USP (United States Pharmacopeia) and BP (British Pharmacopeia). Regarding to the presence of specific bacteria, about six, six and three samples from syrup, tablet & capsule and ointment samples were of good quality respectively out of twenty samples each. Some drug prevailed good activity towards few bacteria and no activity at all to some others. As the drugs possess antibacterial activity, the contaminants might represent some other species of the same genera of bacteria having some mechanisms to prohibit such activities towards them. More than 50% of the drugs contain higher bacterial and fungal load rendering the quality at risk and not recommended to use by the patients to whom these products will impart most harm as these patients are already immune compromised.

scholarly journals Bacterial enzymatic activity and bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments from Boa Viagem Beach (Guanabara Bay)

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
Mirian Crapez ◽  
José Antonio Baptista Neto ◽  
M. G. S. Bispo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Carbon Turnover ◽  
Guanabara Bay ◽  
Organic Matter Quality ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

This study focuses on the quality of the organic matter that reaches the sediment from Boa Viagem Beach and through the evaluation of the total bacterial count, the electron transport system activity (ETSA), the esterase activity (EST), as well as the protein and the organic matter contents. Seasonal variations of organic matter, protein content and the number of bacteria were particularly notable in the summer. ETSA reached a maximum of 7.48 µl O2 h-1 g-1 in the summer. EST activity presented a different pattern once it reached a maximum of 0.17 µg fluorescein h-1 g-1 in the winter. The temporal variation of ETSA and EST activity indicated that biopolymers predominated in the winter, and oligomers or monomers predominated in the summer. These results suggest that organic carbon turnover is more likely to be controlled by organic matter quality. The heavy metals concentrations, especially for Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr, indicated absence of the inhibition of dehydrogenase activity, and they are not bioavailable in the EC50 values

scholarly journals Praćenje mikrobiološke kvalitete i promjena kemijskog sastava mlijeka kobila primjenom različitih analitičkih metoda

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-146
Author(s):  
Ana Končurat ◽  
Lidija Kozačinski ◽  
Miroslav Benić ◽  
Marija Sedak ◽  
Tomislav Sukalić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Ir Spectrometry ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Instrumental Methods ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

In this study the quality of Croatian coldblooded mare’s milk during six months lactation period was investigated. Samples of milk were collected throughout six month’s lactation, from 22 mares and included three consecutive lactations. Physicochemical properties (pH, °SH, density) and chemical composition of raw mare milk have been studied. Fat, lactose, protein and solid non fat contents were analysed by infrared spectrophotometry and by conventional methods. Somatic cell count and microbiological parametres such as the total bacterial count, Enterobacteriaceae, coagulase positive staphylococci as well as presence of pathogens, Salmonella species and Listeria monocytogenes were also researched. Results are presented as comparison of standard and instrumental methods for chemical analysis (fat, protein, solid non fat, lactose). The mean values are presented as trends during lactation. Results were analysed by Stata 10.0. For results obtained by using different methods there were significant differences between methods for milk fat on 10th day, lactose content on 10th and 60th day, and total solids non fat on 60th day of lactation. Values of milk fat, protein, lactose and solids non fat obtained on the 40th, 60th, 120th and 180th days of lactation by IR spectrometry were compared with the value obtained on the 10th day of lactation by the same method (IR spectrometry). Milk of the Croatian coldblooded mares showed stabile chemical composition for all ingredients except lactose (p=0.0001), and high microbiological quality throughout the lactation period.

scholarly journals Microbiological quality analysis of commercial fruit juice in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Md Al Amin ◽  
Mofijur Rahman Mamun ◽  
Kamal Kanta Das
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Good Manufacturing Practices ◽  
High Bacterial Count ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

The aims of this study were to evaluate the microbiological quality of different commercially available fruit juice of Dhaka city. In this study total 20 fruit juice samples of five different types were repeatedly subjected to bacteriological and mycological screening for three months. Isolates were identified and confirmed using cultural and biochemical characteristics. Current study showed high bacterial and fungal loads consisting of specific pathogens such as coliform and Staphylococcus spp., fecal coliform and other pathogens are totally absent. The presence of Staphylococcus aureus portends health risk to consumers as some species produce potent toxins associated with food borne illnesses. And high bacterial count indicated unhygienic conditions of the processing area, and that good manufacturing practices during processing are not maintained properly. Recommendations are required to reduce the microbiological contamination and promote quality assurance of the products. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.8(1) 2018: 15-18

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