Microbiological Analysis of Pharmaceutical Non Injectable Drugs  Produced in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Pharmaceutical drugs are applied and consumed by the patients with weak immune system and for this reason these products must be of good quality and within the required microbiological limit. Present study attempted to determine the microbiological quality of pharmaceutical non injectable oral and topical drugs as well as their antibacterial activity. A total of sixty samples were studied from different categories of medicine including syrup, tablet & capsule and ointments. Microbiological analysis was done after serial dilution. Antibacterial activity of the samples was also determined by Kirby-Bauer method. The total viable bacterial count of 9 syrups, 7 tablet & capsules and 13 ointments samples exceeded the microbial limit ˂102cfu/ml or cfu/gm recommended by USP (United States Pharmacopeia) and BP (British Pharmacopeia). Regarding to the presence of specific bacteria, about six, six and three samples from syrup, tablet & capsule and ointment samples were of good quality respectively out of twenty samples each. Some drug prevailed good activity towards few bacteria and no activity at all to some others. As the drugs possess antibacterial activity, the contaminants might represent some other species of the same genera of bacteria having some mechanisms to prohibit such activities towards them. More than 50% of the drugs contain higher bacterial and fungal load rendering the quality at risk and not recommended to use by the patients to whom these products will impart most harm as these patients are already immune compromised.

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Rapid Microbiological Assessment in Raw Milk: Validation of a Rapid Alternative Method for the Assessment of Microbiological Quality in Raw Milk

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9091186 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1186

Author(s):

Nicla Marri ◽

Francesca Losito ◽

Loris Le Boffe ◽

Gilberto Giangolini ◽

Simonetta Amatiste ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbiological Quality ◽

Bacterial Count ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Plate Count ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Biological Survey ◽

Alternative Method ◽

Colony Forming Units ◽

Plate Count Method

The consumption of dairy products and the dairy industry are one of the main global agri-food sectors for its size, economic importance, and level of technology. Microbiological quality of pasteurized milk or other milk products is dependent on microbiological quality of raw milk. A variety of microbiological count methods is available for monitoring the hygienic quality of raw milk. Among them, the pour plate method is the official essay for counting the number of colony-forming units in milk samples according to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) No. 4833-1:2013. The aim of the present study is the validation of the Micro Biological Survey (MBS) method, against the reference plate-count method, for the assessment of the microbiological quality of raw milk. This comparative study, performed in collaboration with the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana M. Aleandri (IZSLT), demonstrates the accuracy of this alternative method for the determination of total viable bacterial count in cow’s raw milk. The results obtained with the MBS method highlight its potential as a valid tool for reliable microbiological analysis in dairy industries.

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Rapid Microbiological Assessment in Raw Milk. Validation of a Rapid Alternative Method for the Assessment of Microbiological Quality in Raw Milk.

10.20944/preprints202008.0063.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nicla Marri ◽

Francesca Losito ◽

Loris Le Boffe ◽

Gilberto Giangolini ◽

Simonetta Amatiste ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbiological Quality ◽

Bacterial Count ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Plate Count ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Biological Survey ◽

Alternative Method ◽

Colony Forming Units ◽

Plate Count Method

The consumption of dairy products and the dairy industry is one of the main global agro-food sectors for size, economic importance and level of technology. Microbiological quality of pasteurized milk or other milk products is dependent on microbiological quality of raw milk. A variety of microbiological count methods is available for monitoring the hygienic quality of raw milk. Among them, the pour plate method is the official essay for counting the number of colony forming units in milk samples according to ISO 4833-1:2013. The aim of the present study is the validation of the Micro Biological Survey (MBS) method, against the reference plate count method, for the assessment of the microbiological quality of raw milk. This comparative study, performed in collaboration with the “Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana M. Aleandri” (IZSLT), demonstrates the accuracy of this alternative method for the determination of total viable bacterial count in cow’s raw milk. The results obtained with the MBS method highlighting its potential as a valid tool for reliable microbiological analysis in dairy industries.

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Physical-chemical and microbiological analysis of water of irrigation and microbiological analysis of lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

Ciência e Natura ◽

10.5902/2179460x37700 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. e55

Author(s):

Camila Corrêa Bierhas ◽

Aline Belem Machado ◽

Simone Ulrich Picoli ◽

Daniela Montanari Migliavacca Osorio ◽

Daiane Bolzan Berlese

Keyword(s):

Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Fecal Coliforms ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Microbiological Contamination ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

Three Samples ◽

Almost All

The contamination of vegetables by pathogenic microorganisms is directly related to the water quality used in their irrigation. Lettuce is the main vegetable consumed in Brazil and because it does not undergo any processing before its consumption, it is directly affected by the quality of the water used for irrigation. This study analyzed the physical-chemical and microbiological quality of water used in lettuce irrigation and possible microbiological contamination of lettuce. In relation to microbiological analyzes, high values were found for heterotrophic bacteria and total coliforms in weirs and vegetables. For fecal coliforms, in almost all water samples, the value found was above that established by the legislation. In lettuce, this occurred in three samples. No strong correlation was found between water and lettuce contamination. In relation to the physicochemical parameters analyzed, only the value of the turbidity in one of the weirs was above the threshold established by the legislation.

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Microbiological analysis and detection of anti-bacterial activity of Centella asiatica and Aloe vera samples collected from different areas of Dhaka city, Bangladesh

Stamford Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/sjm.v6i1.33518 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 39-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Susmita Bhowmik ◽

Runa Akter Chowdhury ◽

Md Aftab Uddin

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Aloe Vera ◽

Centella Asiatica ◽

Bacterial Count ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Dhaka City ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Fungal Load ◽

Bacillus Spp ◽

Klebsiella Spp

The present study was performed to detect the presence of contaminating microorganisms in two commonly available herbal samples (Centella asiatica and Aloe vera) collected from different areas of Dhaka city, Bangladesh and to assess their antibacterial activity. Out of twenty samples (having ten samples of each categories) studied; the range of total viable bacterial count was approximately 103 to 108 cfu/g. Presence of Staphylococcus aureus was found in all the samples, followed by Klebsiella spp. in 15 samples, Pseudomonas spp. in 14 samples, Bacillus spp. in 12 samples, Escherichia coli in 9 samples and Vibrio spp. in 7 samples. Salmonella spp. was detected in neither of the sample. 17 samples showed a high fungal load up to 107 cfu/g. Antibacterial activity of C. asiatica samples was demonstrated against eight laboratory isolates. Only four C. asiatica samples showed activity against Klebsiella spp. On the contrary, Aloe vera samples (12-14) showed antibacterial activity only against Staphylococcus spp.Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.6(1) 2016: 39-43

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Evaluating the presence of human pathogens in commercially frozen, biologically appropriate raw pet food sold in Italy

Veterinary Record ◽

10.1136/vr.105893 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 187 (7) ◽

pp. e50-e50

Author(s):

Benedetta Bottari ◽

Elena Bancalari ◽

Annalisa Barera ◽

Sergio Ghidini ◽

Monica Gatti

Keyword(s):

Feeding Strategy ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Bacterial Count ◽

Total Bacterial Count ◽

Limit Set ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Pet Food ◽

Pet Owners ◽

Larger Sample

BackgroundBiologically appropriate raw food (BARF) diet is becoming more and more popular among pet owners in Europe. However, there are documented microbiological risks associated with raw feeding, and this study aimed to determine the presence of human pathogens in commercially frozen BARF products sold in Italy.MethodsSalmonella species, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter species were identified. The general microbiological quality of BARF products and hygiene were also evaluated. Sample size was limited and therefore the study may not be representative of a larger sample.ResultsNone of the tested samples showed total bacterial count (TBC) higher than the limit set to consider a sample unacceptable. However, 14 out of 21 samples showed TBC higher than the limit set to consider a sample marginally acceptable. A high percentage of samples were contaminated by the aforementioned pathogens, highlighting the need for pet owners to be aware of the risks of this feeding strategy both to themselves and to their pets.ConclusionsConsidering that BARF diet meals can be prepared at home using the hands, as well as tools and spaces that could be shared, guidelines on safer handling of these pet food products should be recommended by veterinarians and nutritionists.

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Relationships of Microbial Quality of Retail Meat Samples and Sanitary Conditions1

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-43.5.385 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 43 (5) ◽

pp. 385-389 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

C. JANE WYATT ◽

V. GUY

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Load ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Plate Count ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Food Stores ◽

Aerobic Plate Count ◽

Quality Of Products ◽

Meat Samples ◽

Sanitary Conditions

A sanitation profile scoring form for evaluating sanitation in retail food stores was designed. The profile was tested in 10 Oregon retail markets to evaluate its ability to reflect sanitary conditions. At the time of inspection, samples of meat processed in-store were purchased for microbiological analysis to explore the feasibility of bacterial quality as a measurement of sanitary conditions. Microbiological tests performed included total aerobic plate count (A PC), coliform, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, and Salmonella. Certain deficiencies were noted in the profile designed; however, it provides a means for objective, uniform measurement of sanitary conditions. Data show no correlation exists between microbiological quality of products processed in the store and total store profile sanitary conditions. Fifty percent of the products sampled exceeded bacterial load guidelines currently enforced in Oregon. These “high” counts appear to be directly related to poor temperature control.

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Implementation of Multispectral Imaging (MSI) for Microbiological Quality Assessment of Poultry Products

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8040552 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 552

Author(s):

Evgenia D. Spyrelli ◽

Agapi I. Doulgeraki ◽

Anthoula A. Argyri ◽

Chrysoula C. Tassou ◽

Efstathios Z. Panagou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multispectral Imaging ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Chicken Breast ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Least Squares Regression ◽

Burger Model ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Poultry Products ◽

Msi Analysis

The aim of this study was to investigate on an industrial scale the potential of multispectral imaging (MSI) in the assessment of the quality of different poultry products. Therefore, samples of chicken breast fillets, thigh fillets, marinated souvlaki and burger were subjected to MSI analysis during production together with microbiological analysis for the enumeration of Total Viable Counts (TVC) and Pseudomonas spp. Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS-R) models were developed based on the spectral data acquired to predict the “time from slaughter” parameter for each product type. Results showed that PLS-R models could predict effectively the time from slaughter in all products, while the food matrix and variations within and between batches were identified as significant factors affecting the performance of the models. The chicken thigh model showed the lowest RMSE value (0.160) and an acceptable correlation coefficient (r = 0.859), followed by the chicken burger model where RMSE and r values were 0.285 and 0.778, respectively. Additionally, for the chicken breast fillet model the calculated r and RMSE values were 0.886 and 0.383 respectively, whereas for chicken marinated souvlaki, the respective values were 0.934 and 0.348. Further improvement of the provided models is recommended in order to develop efficient models estimating time from slaughter.

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COMPARISON OF MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF MILK PRODUCTS FROM ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL PRODUCTION

Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0012.7744 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol XX (6) ◽

pp. 147-153

Author(s):

Anita Kukułowicz

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Dairy Product ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Organic Production ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Milk Products ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Conventional Production

The aim of the research was to compare the microbiological quality of dairy products derived from organic and conventional farming. The test material consisted of milk and milk products (natural yoghurt, cream, curd cheese, rennet ripening cheese, milk). Investigated products were subjected to microbiological analysis and marked for the number of Enterococcus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, yeast and moulds, Escherichia coli as well as to state the presence of Salmonella sp. in them. All samples were free of Salmonella sp. Escherichia coli occurred in 2 samples of curd cheese from organic production. Products derived from organic and conventional production didn’t differ in the average number of microorganisms depending on the type of dairy product, with the exception of ripening rennet cheese, which showed a significant difference in the amount of Staphylococcus aureus.

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Microbiological analysis of different categories of food items in Dhaka city, Bangladesh

Food Research ◽

10.26656/fr.2017.4(4).099 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 1351-1356

Author(s):

M.A. Uddin ◽

T. Jabin ◽

E.A. Siam ◽

M.T. Afreen ◽

S.S. Uddin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Bacterial Count ◽

Food Samples ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Dhaka City ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Wide Range ◽

Shigella Spp

Pathogenic microorganisms have been so far reported to contaminate a wide range of foods triggering food borne infections or intoxications including the enteric complications, abdominal pain, fever, bloodstream infection etc. The current study was attempted to observe the microbiological quality of some popular foods collected from different places of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Conventional cultural, microscopic and biochemical tests were followed for the detection and enumeration of bacterial isolates associated with these food samples. The investigation encompassed detection of total viable bacterial count (TVBC) and presumptive identification of other pathogenic bacteria from these samples. Higher counts of TVBC, coliform, Staphylococcus spp. and fungal load were recorded as 1.46×107 CFU/g (yogurt 1), 4.5×106 CFU/g (yogurt 1), 5.6×105 CFU/g (raw meat) and 2.9×103 CFU/g (sea fish), respectively. Fecal coliform was detected only in one out of ten samples. On the contrary Salmonella spp., Vibrio spp., Shigella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were completely absent. The antibiogram study showed that all the isolates were sensitive against Kanamycin and Azithromycin. Better sensitivity was also observed against Gentamycin and Ciprofloxacin. Varying degree of antibiotic resistance was also detected against Cefixime, Amikacin and Neomycin. Our study emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring of the various categories of food samples for the safety of public health.

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Microbial Diversity of Betula Trees: Pollen, Catkins, Leaves Relatively of Flowering

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201664020527 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 527-534

Author(s):

Tetiana V. Shevtsova ◽

Jana Petrová ◽

Ján Brindza ◽

Kateryna G. Garkava ◽

Miroslava Kačániová

Keyword(s):

Microbiological Quality ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Mesophilic Bacteria ◽

Acceptable Quality ◽

Plating Method ◽

Betula Verrucosa

Quantitative microbiological analysis by dilution plating method of pollen and additional male and female catkins, leaves of Betula verrucosa Ehrh. and its two cultivars: ‘Purpurea’ and ‘Youngii’ relatively of flowering period of Betula has been realized with the aim to provide new knowledge of the microbiological quality of anemophilous pollen for processing and its further application. Qualitative microbiological analysis with MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper was used in the identification of aerobic, anaerobic mesophilic bacteria and coliforms. Mixed microbiota was determined, consisting of aerobic (4.68–4.89 log cfu/g) and anaerobic (3.30–3.48 log cfu/g) mesophilic bacteria, lactobacilli (0–3.48 log cfu/g), coliform bacteria (0–4.57 log cfu/g), fungi and yeast (3.78–3.95 log cfu/g) on the pollen grains, that indicates acceptable quality in comparison with the microbiological quality parameters for bee pollen. Pantoea agglomerans was found associated with pollen of Betula verrucosa Ehrh. Recommendations on the collection of anemophilous pollen were established.

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