scholarly journals Seed loss as a result of pod shatter in spring rape and spring turnip rape in Finland

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. PAHKALA ◽  
H. SANKARI
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Turnip Rape ◽  
Pod Shattering ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Optimal Harvest ◽  
Pod Shatter ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Spring Rape

The aims of this study were to evaluate seed shedding in spring turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) and spring rape (B. napus L.) and to assess the effect of delayed harvesting on seed yield loss. Experiments on spring turnip rape (cv. Emma) were conducted in 1988-1990 and on spring rape (cv. Topas) in 1989-1990 in Jokioinen (60o49'N, 23o28'E). Rimmed tin boxes were used to collect seed from shattered pods. They were placed between the continuous rows before pods started to shatter. The shed seeds were collected two to three times a week. Susceptibility and timing of pod shattering varies between spring turnip rape and rape. However, before optimal harvest date spring rape does not shatter significantly more than spring turnip rape. Spring rape starts to shatter more compared with spring turnip rape after its optimal harvest date. It is also more sensitive to weather conditions than spring turnip rape. Furthermore, pod shattering after optimal harvest time differs among years. Weather conditions are discussed as one possible cause of pod shattering

scholarly journals Ascophyllum nodosum Extract (SealicitTM) Boosts Soybean Yield Through Reduction of Pod Shattering-Related Seed Loss and Enhanced Seed Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Łangowski ◽  
Oscar Goñi ◽  
Fabio Serafim Marques ◽  
Osvaldo Toshiyuki Hamawaki ◽  
Carolina Oliveira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Increase Production Efficiency ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Pod Shattering ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Pod Shatter

Soybean is one of the most valuable commercial crops because of its high protein, carbohydrate, and oil content. The land area cultivated with soybean in subtropical regions, such as Brazil, is continuously expanding, in some instances at the expense of carbon storing natural habitats. Strategies to decrease yield/seed losses and increase production efficiency are urgently required to meet global demand for soybean in a sustainable manner. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of an Ascophyllum nodosum extract (ANE), SealicitTM, in increasing yields of different soybean varieties, in two geographical regions (Canada and Brazil). In addition, we investigated the potential of SealicitTM to reduce pod shattering at the trials in Brazil. Three different concentrations of SealicitTM were applied to pod shatter-susceptible (SS) UFUS 6901 and shatter-resistant (SR) UFUS 7415 varieties to assess their impact on pod firmness. SS variety demonstrated a significant decrease in pod shattering, which coincided with deregulation of GmPDH1.1 and GmSHAT1–5 expression, genes that determine pod dehiscence, and higher seed weight per pod. SealicitTM application to the SR variety did not significantly alter its inherent pod shatter resistance, but provided higher increases in seed yield at harvest. This yield increase maybe associated with to other yield components stimulated by the biostimulant. This work demonstrates that SealicitTM, which has previously been shown to improve pod firmness in Arabidopsis and selected commercial oilseed rape varieties through IND gene down-regulation, also has the potential to improve pod resistance and seed productivity in soybean, a member of the legume family sharing a similar strategy for seed dispersal.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of allopolyploid Brassicas through non-homologous recombination: introgression of resistance to pod shatter in Brassica napus

1990 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyam Prakash ◽  
V. L. Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Homologous Recombination ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Seed Fertility ◽  
Pod Shattering ◽  
Pod Shatter ◽  
Regular Meiosis

SummaryPod shattering of rapeseed (Brassica napus) causes serious yield loss. Genetic resistance to shattering has been introgressed into B. napus from B. juncea. This followed from allosyndetic pairing between chromosomes of B and C genomes in the interspecific F1 hybrid, B. juncea × B. napus (2n = 37, AABC). The reconstituted B. napus plant showed regular meiosis with 19 bivalents and had pollen and seed fertility of 84 and 23% respectively. An approach is suggested for achieving introgression from monogenomic diploids to digenomic allopolyploids that exploits non-homologous recombination.

scholarly journals Timeliness Harvesting Loss of Rice in Cold Region under Different Mechanical Harvesting Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6345
Author(s):  
Jinwu Wang ◽  
Xiaobo Sun ◽  
Yanan Xu ◽  
Wenqi Zhou ◽  
Han Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Cold Region ◽  
Labor Management ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Optimal Harvest ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
Combine Harvester

The yield loss during the process of harvesting is a great challenge in rice production. A suitable harvesting time and harvesting method can help to reduce the yield losses of rice, and decisions about the harvest date have important implications for labor management as well as for agricultural machinery scheduling. Nonetheless, the comprehensive composition of timeliness harvesting loss (THL) and its changing rules for different harvesting methods remain poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of harvest date and mechanical harvesting methods on grain dry matter timeliness loss (GDMTL) and mechanical timeliness losses (MTL) of rice in the cold region. To this end, the field experiment was conducted from 45 days after heading (45 DAH) to 59 days after heading (59 DAH), adopting a full-feeding and semi-feeding combine harvester (FCH and SCH) from 2019 to 2020. The results showed that harvest date had a significant effect on GDMTL and four kinds of MTL including header timeliness loss (HTL), cleaning timeliness loss (CTL), un-threshed timeliness loss (UTTL), and entrainment timeliness loss (ETL, only under FCH). With the prolonged harvest date, the HTL and CTL increased and the UTTL and ETL decreased, which ranged from 0.15–0.31%, 0.36–0.67%, 0.72–0.18%, and 0.69–0.31%, respectively for FCH. For SCH, the variation range of HTL, CTL, and UTTL was 0.41–0.59%, 0.66–0.98%, and 0.64–0.21%, respectively. The GDMTL increased first and then decreased, ranging from 2.84–0.87%. The mechanical harvesting methods had no significant effect on the GDMTL of rice, but the MTL could be large between FCH and SCH. In general, optimal harvest period was 52 DAH~53 DAH for both harvesting methods, which exhibited the highest yield and the lowest loss, i.e., 9269.3 kg/hm2 and 1.70%, respectively, and the mechanical operating mode on different harvest dates was recommended to minimize the mechanical loss. The optimal harvest date for rice in a cold region ensured both quality and quantity for mechanized harvesting, and provided a reference for the reasonable allocation of operating harvesters in the harvesting season.

scholarly journals Identification and grouping of pod shattering resistance and agronomic characters performance from several soybean advanced lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 911 (1) ◽  
pp. 012022
Author(s):  
A. Krisnawati ◽  
M.M. Adie
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Pod Shattering ◽  
Pod Shatter ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Abstract The use of pod-shatter resistant variety is considered effective in reducing yield loss in soybeans. This study aimed to identify and grouping of pod shattering resistance and agronomic characters performance from several advanced soybean lines. The field experiment was conducted in Blitar (Indonesia) from January to April 2021, using 20 soybean advanced lines and two check cultivars. The laboratory study to identify the pod shattering resistance based on the oven-dry method was conducted in the Breeding Laboratory of ILETRI, Malang. The pod shattering resistance of 20 advanced lines was classified into five very resistant genotypes, three resistant genotypes, two moderate genotypes, nine susceptible genotypes, and a very susceptible genotype. The pod shattering resistance has a significant negative correlation with the pod width (r = -0.472*). A wider pod resulted in a low percentage of shattering. The agronomic performance varied among all genotypes. Selection for pod shattering resistance and agronomic performance obtained two lines (G511H/Anjas//Anjas///Anjas-3-1 and Dega/Degra-2-105) as high yielding and very resistant to pod shattering. Those lines were suggested to be tested across diverse environments to determine their yield potential and stability.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Pod Sealants in Increasing Pod Shattering Resistance in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dainius Steponavičius ◽  
Aurelija Kemzūraitė ◽  
Laimis Bauša ◽  
Ernestas Zaleckas
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Pod Shattering ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Net Profit

Shattering of pods of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is a major cause of seed yield losses prior to and during harvesting. In order to reduce shattering, researchers have been engaged in the development of special preparations that are known as pod sealants (PS). Despite the fact that there are already developed and commercialized PSs that have only been effective on seed yield preservation under certain environmental conditions, there is still a need to create a more versatile and efficient PS. Currently, the most promising method of controlling pod shattering in oilseed rape is the application of our developed novel acrylic- and trisiloxane-based pod sealant (PS4). The effectiveness of PS4 and three commercial pod sealants (PS1, PS2, and PS3) was assessed in this comparative study. By spraying an oilseed rape crop with PS4, natural seed loss can be reduced by 20–70%, depending on the prevailing weather conditions, and loss of seeds during harvest can be reduced by more than three-fold compared with that by the control treatment. Thus, the overall results demonstrated that by applying a novel pod sealant (PS4) to oilseed rape crops 2 weeks before harvest can increase the net profit margin by €30–€150 ha−1. The life cycle assessment showed that during 2014–2016 oilseed rape cultivation, the largest effect on global warming emission (kg CO2 eq) reduction was experimental sealant PS4, i.e., approximately 17% compared to the control.

scholarly journals A plant biostimulant from the seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum (Sealicit) reduces podshatter and yield loss in oilseed rape through modulation of IND expression

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Łangowski ◽  
Oscar Goñi ◽  
Patrick Quille ◽  
Pauline Stephenson ◽  
Nicholas Carmody ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Pod Shattering ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Dehiscence Zone ◽  
Pod Shatter ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The yield of podded crops such as oilseed rape (OSR) is limited by evolutionary adaptations of the plants for more efficient and successful seed dispersal for survival. These plants have evolved dehiscent dry fruits that shatter along a specifically developed junction at carpel margins. A number of strategies such as pod sealants, GMOs and hybrids have been developed to mitigate the impact of pod shatter on crop yield with limited success. Plant biostimulants have been shown to influence plant development. A challenge in plant biostimulant research is elucidating the mechanisms of action. Here we have focused on understanding the effect of an Ascophyllum nodosum based biostimulant (Sealicit) on fruit development and seed dispersal trait in Arabidopsis and OSR at genetic and physiological level. The results indicate that Sealicit is affecting the expression of the major regulator of pod shattering, INDEHISCENT, as well as disrupting the auxin minimum. Both factors influence the formation of the dehiscence zone and consequently reduce pod shattering. Unravelling the mode of action of this unique biostimulant provides data to support its effectiveness in reducing pod shatter and highlights its potential for growers to increase seed yield in a number of OSR varieties.

Optimum harvest date of maize for biogas and silage purposes

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
G. Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Vegetative Organs

The dry matter and moisture contents of the aboveground vegetative organs and kernels of four maize hybrids were studied in Martonvásár at five harvest dates, with four replications per hybrid. The dry matter yield per hectare of the kernels and other plant organs were investigated in order to obtain data on the optimum date of harvest for the purposes of biogas and silage production.It was found that the dry mass of the aboveground vegetative organs, both individually and in total, did not increase after silking. During the last third of the ripening period, however, a significant reduction in the dry matter content was sometimes observed as a function of the length of the vegetation period. The data suggest that, with the exception of extreme weather conditions or an extremely long vegetation period, the maximum dry matter yield could be expected to range from 22–42%, depending on the vegetation period of the variety. The harvest date should be chosen to give a kernel moisture content of above 35% for biogas production and below 35% for silage production. In this phenophase most varieties mature when the stalks are still green, so it is unlikely that transport costs can be reduced by waiting for the vegetative mass to dry.

The effect of harvest date on yield loss of long and short-grain rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) in Northeast China

2021 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 126382
Author(s):  
Jinwu Wang ◽  
Xiaobo Sun ◽  
Yanan Xu ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Han Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Rice Cultivars

scholarly journals Influence of Man's Activities Level on the Toxicity of Soddy Podzolic Soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
П.А. Котяк
Keyword(s):  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Soddy Podzolic Soil ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Toxicity ◽  
General Toxicity ◽  
The Status ◽  
Medium Toxicity ◽  
Spring Rape

Представлены результаты исследования уровня общей токсичности и микробного токсикоза дерново-подзолистой глееватой почвы при антропогенной нагрузке. Изучение токсичности почвы особенно актуально в агроценозах, где человек в значительной мере регулирует условия произрастания растений. Использование показателей токсичности при оценке агротехнических приёмов позволяет усовершенствовать существующие технологии, чтобы избежать нежелательных сопутствующих эффектов при агрогенном воздействии на агроэкосистемы. Сравнительный анализ полученных результатов показал, что почва опытного участка в начале вегетации имела класс средней и низкой токсичности (индекс токсичности фактора (ИТФ) от 0,63 до 0,82), а в конце вегетации – класс высокой и средней токсичности (ИТФ от 0,35 до 0,55). Оценка микробиологической токсичности почвы исследуемых вариантов опыта по всхожести семян тест-культуры показала в основном средний уровень микробного токсикоза: 69,75% – на индуцированных образцах, 60,97% – на контрольных образцах. Урожайность зелёной массы ярового рапса находилась на невысоком уровне, что могло быть связано с неблагоприятными погодными условиями вегетационного периода и варьировала в пределах от 76 до 218 ц/га. Проведённые исследования по установлению влияния антропогенной нагрузки на токсический статус дерново-подзолистой почвы в условиях Ярославской области показали, что лучшими характеристиками обладают варианты: система отвальной обработки почвы, фон «Органо-минеральный субстрат + NPK» как с внесением гербицида, так и без его применения при возделывании ярового рапса. В этих условиях снижается общая токсичность почвы, статус микробного токсикоза не меняется, что позволяет сохранять почвенное плодородие, иметь оптимальное фитосанитарное состояние и получать качественный урожай выращиваемых культур. The results of the research of general toxicity level and microbial toxicosis of soddy podzolic gleyic soil at man-caused load are presented. The study of soil toxicity is especially important in agrocenoses, where a person largely regulates the conditions of plant growth. The use of toxicity indicators in assessing agricultural practices allows improving existing technologies in order to avoid undesirable concomitant effects during agrogenic effects on agroecosystems. A comparative analysis of the obtained results showed that the soil of the test area at the beginning of the growing season had a medium and low toxicity class (factor toxicity index (FTI) from 0.63 to 0.82) and at the end of the growing season it had a high and medium toxicity class (FTI from 0.35 to 0.55). Assessment of the microbiological toxicity of the soil of test variants under investigation by seed germination of the test-crop showed mainly the average level of microbial toxicosis: 69.75% on the induced samples, 60.97% on the control samples. The yield of green mass of spring rape was at a low level, which could be associated with unfavorable weather conditions of the growing season and varied from 76 to 218 hkg / ha. Researches conducted to establish influence of man's activities on the toxic status of soddy podzolic soil in the conditions of the Yaroslavl region showed that the best characteristics are options: a system of moldboard tillage, background "Organic-mineral substrate + NPK" both with the herbicide application and without its use in the cultivation of spring rape. Under these conditions the general toxicity of the soil decreases, the status of microbial toxicosis does not change which allows maintaining soil fertility, having an optimal phytosanitary condition and obtaining a quality yield of crops grown.

scholarly journals Switchgrass Harvest Time Effects on Nutrient Use and Yield: An Economic Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathanial Cahill ◽  
Michael Popp ◽  
Charles West ◽  
Alexandre Rocateli ◽  
Amanda Ashworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Economic Consideration ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Optimal Harvest ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Economic Tradeoffs

This article analyzes economic tradeoffs among harvest date, fertilizer applied, nutrient removal, and switchgrass yield as they vary with respect to input and output prices. Economic sensitivity analyses suggest that higher biomass prices lead to earlier harvest. Optimal harvest time occurs beyond time of maximum yield because nutrient removal in the biomass is an important economic consideration. Switchgrass price premia that reflect the cost of non-optimal harvest time are driven by standing crop yield loss, nutrient removal, storage loss, and opportunity cost. These price premia could provide a mechanism to compensate producers for alternative harvest times and aid with logistics management.

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