scholarly journals Concentration and estimated flow of soluble non-ammonia nitrogen entering the omasum of dairy cows as influenced by different protein supplements

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-W. CHOI ◽  
A. VANHATALO ◽  
P. HUHTANEN
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Limiting Step ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Four ruminally fistulated Finnish Ayrshire cows were used to study the effects of different protein supplements on concentration and flow of soluble non-ammonia N (SNAN)into the omasum.The treatments in a 4 × 4 Latin square design were a basal diet of grass silage and barley and the basal diet supplemented with fishmeal, soybean meal and maize gluten meal. Protein supplements significantly increased concentrations of peptide N (P=0.009)and total SNAN (P =0.03)fractions in omasal digesta.Peptide constituted the largest proportion of SNAN flow into the omasum indicating that hydrolysis of peptides to amino acids is the most limiting step in rumen proteolysis.The microbial contribution to SNAN was on an average 0.64 indicating that a large proportion of SNAN flow leaving the rumen was of microbial origin.The estimated SNAN flow per kg dry matter intake from the basal diet and protein supplemented diets indicated that approximately 49,22 and 37 g kg-1 of fishmeal,soybean meal and maize gluten meal protein, respectively, escaped from ruminal degradation as SNAN.;

scholarly journals PSIV-13 Supplemental phytase increases phosphorus digestibility in pigs regardless of phytase source or feed pelleting

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 229-229
Author(s):  
Bokyung Hong ◽  
Beob G Kim
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Fecal Collection

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of phytase source and feed pelleting on digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein, organic matter (OM), and phosphorus (P) with different doses of phytase in pigs. In Exp. 1, ten barrows (31.4 ± 3.5 kg of BW) were individually housed in metabolic crates and allotted to a replicated 5 × 6 Latin square design with 5 diets and 6 periods. In Exp. 2, ten barrows (28.2 ± 3.2 kg of BW) were individually housed in metabolic crates and allotted to a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design with 5 diets and 5 periods. Each period lasted 10 d consisted of a 5-d adaptation and a 5-d collection periods and the marker to marker method was used for fecal collection. In both experiments, a basal diet was prepared based on corn and soybean meal without phytase or inorganic P. Four additional diets were prepared in a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement with 2 phytase sources (Buttiauxella spp. or Escherichia coli) and 2 feed forms (mash or pellet). Both experiments employed the same treatments but had different supplemental phytase doses (500 and 1,500 FTU/kg in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively). In Exp. 1, supplemental phytase increased standardized total tract digestibility of P (66.1 vs. 51.7%; P < 0.001) with no effects of phytase source or feed pelleting. Feed pelleting increased digestibility of DM, crude protein, and OM (P < 0.001). In Exp. 2, supplemental phytase increased standardized total tract digestibility of P (72.8 vs. 44.8%; P < 0.001) with no effects of phytase source or feed pelleting. Feed pelleting increased digestibility of DM and OM (P < 0.001). Taken together, supplemental phytase at 500 and 1,500 FTU/kg increases P digestibility regardless of phytase source or feed pelleting.

Utilization of concentrate supplements containing varying levels of cassava leaf pellet by growing goats fed a basal diet of pangola hay

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramote Paengkoum ◽  
Sorasak Thongpea  ◽  
Siwaporn Paengkoum
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Growing Goats ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Microbial N

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of varying levels of cassava leaf pellet (CLP) on feed intake, digestibility and rumen fermentation of goats fed with pangola hay as roughages. Eight growing crossed (Thai native x Anglo-Nubian) goats between 10 to 12 months of age and pre-trial average body weight of 18.5 + 2.5 kg were allotted into two groups on the basis of body weight in a randomized double 4 x 4 Latin square design to investigate the utilization of concentrate mixtures of varying levels of CLP. The four concentrate mixtures had CLP included at 0% (control), 10 % (CLP1), 20% (CLP2) and 30% (CLP3) in concentrate as replacing soybean meal (SBM) with CLP as 25 %CP, 50%CP and 75%CP, respectively.  On average, all parameters measured, including dry matter intake (DMI), nutrients digestibility, ruminal ammonia-N (NH3-N), ruminal total volatile fatty acid (total VFA), individual VFAs concentration (mM/L), microbial N supply, and N retention increased (P less than 0.05) with the addition of CLP in concentrate up to 20% (CLP2) in concentrate, thereafter  decreased (P less than 0.05) in goats fed CLP 30% (CLP3). The results indicated that replacing SBM with CLP as 50 %CP (CLP2), resulted in higher animal performance as a consequence of improved ruminal fermentation, microbial yield and N balance,  but decreased (P less than 0.05) with 30% CLP diet. It is concluded that cassava leaf pellet can successfully replace soybean meal 50% CP as a protein source in growing goats.

scholarly journals Use of rapeseed and pea grain protein supplements for organic milk production

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. KHALILI ◽  
E. KUUSELA ◽  
E. SAARISALO
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Rapeseed Cake ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Cold Pressed

Grass-red clover silage was fed ad libitum. In experiment 1 a duplicated 4 x 4 Latin square design was used. A mixture of oats and barley was given at 8 kg (C). Three isonitrogenous protein supplements were a commercial rapeseed meal (218 g kg-1 dry matter (DM); RSM), crushed organic field pea (Pisum sativum L.) (452 g kg-1 DM; P) and a mixture of pea (321 g kg-1 DM) and organic rapeseed (Spring turnip rape, Brassica rapa L. oleifera subv. annua) (155 g kg-1 DM; PRS). Cows on P and PRS diets produced as much milk as cows on the RSM diet. Milk yield was higher but protein content lower with PRS diet than with diet P. In experiment 2 a triplicated 3 x 3 Latin square design was used. A mixture of oats (395 g kg-1 ), barley (395 g kg-1 ) and a commercial heat-moisture treated rapeseed cake (210 g kg-1 ) was given at 8 kg (RSC). The second diet (ORSC) consisted (g kg-1) of oats (375), barley (375) and cold-pressed organic rapeseed cake (250). The third diet (RSCO) consisted (g kg-1) of oat (395), barley (395) and commercial heat-moisture treated rapeseed cake (250) and additional rapeseed oil (0.38 kg) to balance fat content between ORSC and RSCO diets. There was no dietary effect on the yield of energy corrected milk. Milk yield was higher with RSCO diet compared with other diets.;

scholarly journals Corn silage supplementation for dairy cows grazing annual ryegrass at two pasture allowances

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 1037-1046
Author(s):  
M.F. Miguel ◽  
R. Delagarde ◽  
H.M.N. Ribeiro-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Strip Grazing

ABSTRACT Corn silage supplementation for dairy cows grazing in temperate annual pastures has rarely been investigated. The aim of this study is to compare two supplementation levels (0 and 4kg dry matter [DM]/day of a 7:1 mixture of corn silage and soybean meal) in dairy cows strip-grazing annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) at two pasture allowances (PA, low= 25 and high = 40kg DM/d at ground level). The study was carried out according to an incomplete 4 × 3 Latin square design, using 12 cows and three experimental periods of 12 days. The green leaves allowances were only 4.9 and 8.5kg DM/d at the low and high PA, respectively. The total DM intake and milk production increased in supplemented cows compared to un-supplemented cows at the low PA, but were similar between supplementation levels at the high PA. The PI was unaffected by the PA, whereas the substitution rate was 0.68 in cows at the low PA and 1.35 in cows at the high PA. Corn silage supplementation may improve the total DM intake and milk production of dairy cows grazing in temperate annual pastures, but only at a low PA.

Effects of processing on rumen degradabilities and intestinal digestibilities of soyabean meal, and low and high glucosinolate rapeseed meals in cattle

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 220-220
Author(s):  
A.M. Subuh ◽  
T.G. Rowan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Soyabean Meal

In an experiment of 3 x 3 Latin Square design, 3 heifers each fitted with rumen and simple T-piece duodenal cannulae were used to determine the effects of method of processing soyabean meal (SBM), and low (LRSM) and high (HRSM) glucosinolate rapeseed meals on rumen degradabilities (RD) and intestinal digestibilities of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N) and organic matter (0M) using a mobile nylon bag technique.Heifers were given a basal diet of hay (0.55 of DM intake) and mineralized barley with LRSM (0.45 of DM intake) to provide a ME intake of > 2 x maintenance. The diet was offered twice a day and a period of four weeks was allowed before the experiment. Methods of processing were formaldehyde (FT, 0.8 HCH0/l6g N), heat (HT, 110°C for 2 h) and untreated (UT). After processing the feedstuffs were ground and 1g samples were placed in sealed nylon bags (3-5 x 5.5 cm). The bags were placed in a plastic mesh cylinder and incubated in the rumen for 0, 12, and 24 hours.

Increasing magnesium intakes in relation to magnesium absorption in dry cows

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surasak Jittakhot ◽  
J Thomas Schonewille ◽  
Hugo Wouterse ◽  
Anton WJ Uijttewaal ◽  
Chalermpon Yuangklang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Apparent Absorption ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Saturation Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

Earlier studies with temporarily isolated rumen of heifers show saturation kinetics of Mg efflux across the rumen wall. Therefore, we hypothesized that high Mg intakes would not further increase the rate of Mg absorption in cows. To test our hypothesis, six ruminally fistulated non-pregnant dry cows were given diets with different Mg concentrations in a 6×6 Latin square design. Desired concentrations of Mg were attained by adding MgO to the basal diet and the Mg concentrations in the total rations were 3·8, 6·4, 9·1, 11·8, 14·1 and 17·3 g Mg/kg dry matter, which provided Mg intakes of 27·1, 44·6, 64·6, 83·5, 100·4 and 124·3 g/d, respectively. Increasing Mg intakes were associated with increased (P<0·001) faecal Mg excretion. However, apparent Mg absorption expressed as g/d was not significantly different for Mg intakes from 100·4 to 124·3 g/d while Mg absorption expressed as a proportion of intake was not significantly different for Mg intakes ranging from 64·6 to 124·3 g/d. Mg concentrations in rumen fluid after feeding increased (P<0·001) with increasing Mg intakes. Apparent absorption of Mg appeared to become saturated at a ruminal Mg concentration of 17·5 mM (Mg intake of 83·5 g/d). Group-mean post-feeding concentrations of Mg and Na in rumen fluid were significantly correlated (Pearson's r=−0·96; P=0·003, n=6). This study showed that under conditions of practical dairy cow feeding, Mg absorption was maximal at Mg intakes [ges ]84 g/d.

EVALUATION OF CANDLE RAPESEED MEAL AS A PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR SWINE

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BELL ◽  
D. M. ANDERSON ◽  
A. SHIRES
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Protein Supplements

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate rapeseed meal (RSM) produced from seed of Brassica campestris L. ’Candle’ in comparison with B. napus L. ’Tower’, soybean meal and fababeans (Vicia faba) as protein supplements for growing swine. In experiment 1 Candle RSM (5, 10 or 15%) was substituted for soybean meal or fababeans in barley- and wheat-based diets for 120 pigs from 23 to 88 kg liveweight. The effects of supplementary iodine (0.14 mg I/kg diet) and amino acids (0.15% lysine and 0.05% methionine) on the nutritive value of Candle RSM were also studied. The results of experiment 1 indicated that daily feed intake and carcass value index were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by diets. The growth and feed utilization responses of pigs fed diets which contained soybean meal and fababeans as the sole source of supplementary protein were similar and the replacement of these protein supplements with Candle RSM, unless supplemented with amino acids, resulted in a reduction in rate of growth and efficiency of feed utilization. Gains adjusted by regression for feed intake variations showed benefit from lysine. Diets containing 15 % of either Candle or Tower RSM, plus lysine, were utilized about 95% as efficiently as soybean meal diets. Supplementation with iodine produced no significant response. The digestibility coefficients of the protein and energy of Candle RSM and soybean meal were determined in experiment 2. The apparent digestibility of protein in Candle RSM was 81% and energy digestibility was 71%. The digestible energy content was 14.12 MJ/kg (3370 kcal/kg), dry matter basis.

UTILIZATION OF LODGEPOLE PINE (Pinus contorta) MUKA (FOLIAGE) BY SHEEP

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-471
Author(s):  
R. M. TAIT ◽  
C. GASTON ◽  
J. R. HUNT ◽  
G. M. BARTON
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Alfalfa Meal

Eight sheep were used in two 4 × 4 latin square digestion trials substituting alfalfa meal with unsteamed or steamed muka (foliage) at levels of 20, 40 or 60%. Including muka at all levels depressed (P < 0.05) the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and acid detergent fiber compared with the control alfalfa meal diet. When calculated by difference, the digestibility of muka dry matter and organic matter was not affected (P < 0.05) by either the level of its inclusion in the diets or by steaming. The mean dry matter and organic matter digestibilities of muka were 29.2 and 30.4%, respectively. The protein content of muka was 5.0% and the estimated protein digestibility at the 60% level of inclusion was only 6.6%. With unsteamed muka, the digestibility of acid detergent fiber calculated by difference averaged −11.9%, suggesting the presence of factors which depressed the digestibility of fiber in the basal diet. Steaming appeared to reduce this depression. A growth trial was conducted with lambs where alfalfa meal, as the sole roughage source, was compared to the same diet with 20% of the alfalfa replaced by steamed muka. Growth rates were not different (P > 0.05) being 142 and 138 g/day, respectively. A taste panel evaluation of the carcasses found no adverse effects on flavor due to the inclusion of steamed muka in the diet. Key words: Lodgepole pine muka, nutritive value, sheep

SOLUBLE NUTRIENTS IN PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS AND IN SITU DISAPPEARANCE

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. BARRIO ◽  
F. N. OWENS ◽  
A. L. GOETSCH
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Altered Protein ◽  
Meat Meal

The effect of removal of soluble nutrients from soybean meal (SBM) and meat meal (MM) on in situ disappearance of dry matter (DMD) and nitrogen (ND) was measured. All feeds were rinsed with pH 6 buffer (R) without or with subsequent extraction with buffer at pH 5 (5) or pH 7 (7). Feeds were incubated in the rumen of heifers fed diets containing 20 or 80% concentrate (20%C and 80%C, respectively). Ruminal pH was higher (P < 0.05) in heifers fed the 20%C diet than in animals receiving the 80%C ration, while ruminal ammonia concentration tended to be greater with the 80%C diet. In situ DMD and ND were linearly related to incubation time (P < 0.01) with little indication of a quadratic effect of time. In situ ND of feeds extracted at pH 7 was greater (P < 0.05) than ND of feeds extracted at pH 5, but no interaction of diet and extraction pH or feed and extraction pH was apparent. Hence, altered protein solubility due to varied ruminal pH would not appear to be responsible for differences in ND with the different diets. In situ DMD and ND of both feedstuffs were greater (P < 0.01) with the 20%C than the 80%C diet. Hence, differences in microbial types or activities rather than chemical characteristics of the substrate are probably responsible for greater proetein loss with the lower concentrate diet. Key words: In situ, dry matter disappearance, nitrogen disappearance, soybean meal, meat meal

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