scholarly journals Protein utilization responses of growing pigs to supplemental lysine as liquid versus crystalline form in barley-barley protein diet

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-223
Author(s):  
Matti Näsi
Keyword(s):  
Linear Response ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Crystalline Form ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Lysine Concentration ◽  
Barley Protein ◽  
Daily Gain

The study examined the influence of increasing dietary supplements of liquid compared to crystalline lysine on nitrogen (N) balance and protein utilization in growing pigs (30-100 kg LW) in a 8*8 Latin square. Eight isonitrogenous diets with 160 g CP/kg were formulated from barley and barley protein supplemented with the two lysine sources at levels of none, 1, 2 and 3 g/kg to provide 5.5, 6.5, 7.5 and 8.5 g/kg total dietary lysine. Barley-SBM served as a contol diet. The dietary lysine concentration had substantial effect on N retention and metabolism. The lysine supplements to the cereal-based diet with a low lysine content, 5.5 g/kg, significantly improved N-retention, decreased urinary-N excretion and enhanced protein utilization and daily gain. There was a linear response of N-retention, urinary-N and urea-N excretion and apparent biological value (P

scholarly journals Evaluation of undehydrated barley feed fractions and dried oat feed fractions from integrated starch-ethanol process in diets of growing pigs

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Näsi ◽  
Erkki Aimonen
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Protein Supply

The nutrient digestibility and protein utilization of undehydrated barley fractions: protein (BP), protein fibre mixture (BPF) and distillers solids (DS) at two levels of inclusion in diets fortified to equal lysine content were assayed with growing pigs in a 6 x 6 Latin square. Dried barley fibre (BF), oat protein (OP) and oat fibre (OF) from integrated starch-ethanol production were evaluated as feed ingredients for pigs in three other trials. DS and OP had a higher essential amino acids content than BP, especially with respect to lysine. All fractions had a rather high ether extract content 46-196 g/kg and their fatty acid composition is presented. BP showed higher protein digestibility than DS (0.931 vs. 0.857) and pigs on BP-diet retained more N than on DS-diet. BF showed a low digestibility of OM and CP and 0.1 inclusion of BF mixed with BP depressed CP digestibility and N-retention. A higher protein supply from cereal protein in the diet promoted N-retention but decreased protein utilization. OP had high digestibility and OF was more digestible than BF. The study confirmed the high digestibility and energy values of the proteinous grain fractions and a high protein utilization when adequately fortified with lysine. The fibrous fractions have a rather low nutrient digestibility and their use in pig diets is therefore limited.

Amino acid and energy interactions in growing pigs 1. Effects of food intake, sex and live weight on the responses of growing pigs to lysine concentration

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Batterham ◽  
L. R. Giles ◽  
E. Belinda Dettmann
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Large White ◽  
Lysine Concentration ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Daily Gain

ABSTRACTThe responses of growing pigs to dietary lysine concentration, as influenced by food intake, sex (intact males and females) and live weight were investigated in a 4 x 2 x 2 x 2 factorial experiment involving 128 Large White pigs. Lysine concentrations were 7, 8, 9 and 10 g/kg air-dry food. The basal wheat-soya bean meal diet (14·0 MJ digestible energy per kg) was offered either ad libitum or on a restricted feeding scale to pigs from 20 to 85 kg live weight. During the 50 to 85 kg growth phase, the effects of proportionately reducing the lysine concentrations by 0·2 were investigated. Performance response was assessed in two ways; by analysis of variance for the 20 to 50, 50 to 85 and 20 to 85 kg phases, and by response surface analyses of data from successive 10-kg weight intervals.An initial analysis of variance indicated that food intake (of pigs fed ad libitum), daily gain and food conversion ratio varied with lysine concentration, but that the responses differed with food intake, sex and phase of growth.Analysis of the response surfaces delineated by lysine level and phase of growth indicated that for males and females with restricted food and males fed ad libitum, maximum daily gain was produced by feeding at least 10 g lysine per kg, declining to about 8 g/kg at 80 kg. With females fed ad libitum, maximum daily gain was obtained by feeding 9·9 g lysine per kg at 20 kg, declining to less than 5·6 g/kg at 75 kg.Carcass characteristics were largely unaffected by lysine concentration.

Amino acid requirements of growing pigs 8. The response of pigs from 50 to 90 kg live weight to dietary ideal protein

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Yen ◽  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Lysine Concentration ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Ideal Protein

ABSTRACTThe response to dietary lysine when provided as part of an ideal protein was examined in pigs over the range of live weight from 50 to 90 kg. Ninety-six pigs, 32 trios of littermate boars, castrated males and gilts were allocated to eight diets with lysine concentrations of 5·6, 6·2, 7·3, 8·3, 9·3, 10·3, 11·4 and 12·4 g/kg diet and corresponding concentrations of crude protein (CP) from 90 to 186 g/kg diet (all having a digestible energy of 13·38 MJ/kg). Pigs were given food on a restricted scale once daily. With increasing lysine concentration, there was a linear response (followed by a plateau) for growth and carcass characteristics up to dietary lysine concentrations of 91, 7·2 and 8·4 g/kg diet and CP concentrations of 142, 116 and 132 g/kg diet with daily lysine intakes of 22·9, 18·6 and 21·2 g and CP intakes of 357, 290 and 331 g for boars, castrated males and gilts respectively.

Utilization of ileal digestible amino acids by growing pigs: Effect of dietary lysine concentration on efficiency of lysine retention

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Batterham ◽  
L. M. Andersen ◽  
D. R. Baigent ◽  
E. White
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Dietary Concentration ◽  
Lysine Concentration ◽  
Energy Retention

Diets were formulated using sugar, soya-bean meal and free amino acids to contain 0.1–0.8 lysine/MJ digestible energy (DE) and offered at three times maintenance to male and female pigs from 20 to 45 kg live weight. Growth responses and retentions of protein, fat, energy and lysine were assessed. Increasing the dietary lysine concentration resulted in significant (P < 0.001) linear and curvilinear increases in growth rates and decreases in food conversion ratios. There was only a small effect of lysine concentration on total energy retention, but a substantial effect on the partitioning of energy deposition, with increases in the rate of protein deposition and decreases in fat retention. There was no difference in the efficiency of protein deposition between male and female pigs but males responded more to higher lysine concentrations than females (estimated 0.93 and 0.74 g lysine/MJ DE for males and females respectively). Lysine concentration in the protein deposited by the pigs increased linearly and curvilinearly (P < 0.01) from 5.8 to 6.6 g lysine/16 g N with increasing dietary lysine concentration. There was a linear and quadratic response (P < 0.001) in retention of ileal digestible lysine, with the minimum retention of 0.16 occurring at 0.1 g lysine/MJ DE and increasing to a maximum retention of 0.73 at a dietary concentration of 0.47 g lysine/MJ DE. The efficiency of lysine retained/ileal digestible lysine intake was 0.86 and the endogenous lysine loss was estimated at 0.94 g/d.

scholarly journals Lysine utilization by growing pigs: simultaneous measurement of protein accretion and lysine oxidation

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrix Mnilk ◽  
C. Ian Harris ◽  
Malcolm F. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Water Rates ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Lysine Concentration

Nitrogen retention and lysine oxidation were measured in growing pigs given diets which supplied 0, 0·2 or 0·8 of the lysine requirement, with other amino acids in relative excess. Eight groups of three female littermate pigs were used: one of each group was given each of the three diets. In half the pigs (four groups) N retention was measured at body weights (W) of approximately 25,35 and 45 kg. The other four littermate groups of three pigs were given the same three diets; when they reached 35 kg W they were given a continuous (6h) primed infusion of L-[6-3H]lysine. Lysine oxidation was estimated from the production of tritiated water. Rates of both N retention and lysine oxidation increased significantly with lysine intake; mean values (g/kg W0·75 per d) for the three diets respectively were for N retention, 0·00, 0·32 and 1·22, and for lysine oxidation 0·051, 0·058 and 0·078. From the N balance results (assuming a constant lysine concentration in body protein) the efficiency of utilization of absorbed lysine was estimated to be 0·85; from the oxidation results (assuming lysine absorbed but not retained is oxidized) the estimate was 0·95.

scholarly journals Digestibility and protein utilization responses of soybean and rape seed meal to physical and enzymatic treatments in diets for growing pigs

1991 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-474
Author(s):  
Matti Näsi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Hydrothermal Processing ◽  
Rape Seed ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
Enzyme Pretreatment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Balance Trials

The effects of extrusion, hydrothermal processing and enzyme pretreatment of soybean meals (SBM) and rapeseed meals (RSM) and the multienzyme supplementation of diets on nutrient digestibility, protein utilization and performance were investigated in growing pigs. The study was comprised of two separate total-collection digestibility and balance trials with 6x6 Latin square designs and a production trial with 140 growing pigs. The processes employed had only minor effects on the chemical composition of the treated oilseed meals. Extrusion and addition of enzyme premix improved the organic matter (OM) and protein (CP) digestibilities of SBM (P

scholarly journals Effect of essential:total nitrogen ratio on protein utilization in the growing pig

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Heger ◽  
Samson Mengesha ◽  
David Vodehnal
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Crystalline Amino Acids

Two N balance experiments using growing pigs were conducted to study the effect of essential:total (E:T) N ratio on N retention and utilization. Purified diets contained casein and crystalline amino acids as the sole sources of N. E:T values ranged from 0·25 to 0·86 while either the concentration of total N (Expt. 1) or essential N (Expt 2) was kept constant. At a constant concentration of total dietary N, N retention and total N utilization were maximized with an E:T value of approximately 0·6, while essential N utilization gradually decreased as E:T increased. At a constant level of essential N, N retention remained unchanged until the E:T value reached 0·48 and then decreased. In Expt 2, maximum total N utilization was attained with an E:T value of 0·66 while N excretion and essential N utilization decreased with increased E:T value. These results suggest that under conditions of optimal protein utilization, essential amino acids are partially degraded and used for the synthesis of non-essential amino acids.

Amino acid and energy interactions in growing pigs. 3. Effects of sex and live weight and cereal on the responses to dietary lysine concentration when fed ad libitum or to a restricted food scale on diets based on wheat or barley

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Giles ◽  
E. S. Batterham ◽  
E. Belinda Dettmann ◽  
R. F. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Protein Retention ◽  
Lysine Concentration ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Daily Gain

ABSTRACTThe responses of growing pigs to dietary lysine as influenced by sex (male and female) and cereal (barley and wheat) were investigated in an 8 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment involving 128 pigs. The basal barley-soya bean (13·4 MJ digestible energy (DE) per kg) and wheat-soya bean (14·1 MJ DE per kg) diets were offered ad libitum from 20 to 50 kg live weight. The eight dietary lysine concentrations were 70 to 140 g/kg in increments of 1·0 g/kg. The experiment was repeated with pigs given food according to a restricted scale. Performance in both experiments was assessed by multiple regression analysis based on data from successive 10-kg live-weight intervals. Analysis of variance was used to assess chemical carcass composition and retention of protein and fat after slaughter at 50 kg live weight.Average daily DE intake (MJ) of pigs fed ad libitum was not significantly different for barley-based (27·4) and wheat-based diets (29·1). For pigs fed on a restricted scale, average daily DE intake was 18 MJ for barley-based and 17·5 MJ for wheat-based diets. The daily energy retained in the empty carcass, expressed as a proportion of daily DE intake, was proportionately 0·08 less for barley-based than for wheat-based diets irrespective of whether food was offered ad libitum (0·347 v. 0·379) or restricted (0·311 v. 0·337).The average daily gain of females fed ad libitum was not affected by dietary lysine concentration. With males, the response of daily gain to lysine concentration was curvilinear, increasing to a maximum of 120 g dietary lysine per kg up to 40·3 kg and 7·0 g/kg at greater weights for both cereals. For pigs fed on a restricted scale the daily gain on barley diets increased linearly up to the maximum dietary lysine concentration (14 g/kg), while for those on wheat-based diets maximum daily gain occurred with a lysine concentration of 11·2 g/kg for males and 131 g/kg for females. Carcass P2 backfat (mean = 15·4 mm), carcass fat proportion (mean = 242 g/kg) and carcass protein retention (mean = 89 g/day) were not significantly affected by dietary lysine concentration from 7 to 14 g/kg when pigs were fed ad libitum. However, when pigs were fed at a restricted level carcass fatness decreased to a minimum at 12 g lysine per kg.

Amino acid and energy interactions in growing pigs 2. Effects of food intake, sex and live weight on responses to lysine concentration in barley-based diets

1986 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Giles ◽  
E. S. Batterham ◽  
E. Belinda Dettmann
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Lysine Concentration ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Entire Male

ABSTRACTThe responses of growing pigs to dietary lysine concentration, as influenced by food intake, sex (entire male and female) and live weight were investigated in an experiment involving 128 pigs. The basal barley-soya-bean diet (14·2 MJ digestible energy (DE) per kg) was offered either ad libitum or according t o a restricted feeding scale to both sexes from 20 to 85 kg live weight. The eight dietary lysine concentrations ranged from 8·0 to 12·2 g/kg during the 20 to 50 kg phase and from 6·4 to 9·8 g/kg during the 50 to 85 kg live-weight phase. Performance was assessed by response-surface analysis based on data from successive 10-kg live-weight intervals. Regression analysis was used to assess the response of carcass lean content after slaughter at 85 kg live weight.Daily gain of females fed ad libitum was curvilinear up to maxima of 0·72 and 0·69 g lysine per MJ DE during the 20 to 50 and 50 to 85 kg growth phases respectively. Daily gain response was small but linear up to the maximum dietary lysine concentration for all other combinations of sex and food intake.The response of carcass lean for males given food at a restricted level was linear up to the maximum dietary lysine concentration. For males given food ad libitum, carcass lean response was curvilinear with maximum lean content attained with 0·73 and 0·59 g lysine per MJ DE during the 20 to 50 and 50 to 85 kg live-weight phases respectively. Carcass lean content of females was not affected by lysine concentration within the range used.

scholarly journals The effects of excessive amounts of protein on lysine utilization in growing pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Langer ◽  
Malcolm F. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lysine Concentration ◽  
Single Regression

Two experiments were conducted to investigate whether the utilization of lysine in growing pigs is affected by the level of excess protein in the diet. Nine lysine-deficient diets containing 100,200 or 300g crude protein/kg and between 1·2 and 6·8 g ileal digestible lysine/kg were prepared. In the first experiment the apparent ileal digestibility of lysine in three of the nine diets was determined using pigs with simple T-cannulasand Cr2O3, as an indigestible marker. Ileal digestibility of lysine in the other diets was calculated by interpolation. In the second experiment N retention, as a measure of lysine utilization, was determined in all nine diets using growing pigs over the weight range 30–50 kg. The effect of excess protein on lysine utilization was assessed by comparing the regression of N retention v. lysine (ileal digestible) intake at the three levels of protein. Increasing ileal digestible lysine in the diets resulted in a linear increase in N retention with all three protein levels and there was no significant difference amongst the three regressions, indicating that lysine utilization was not affected by the level of protein.Therefore, all data were pooled together to calculate a single regression for all treatments.An increase of 1·0 g ileal digestible lysine led to an increase of 1·43 g N or 8·96 g protein (N x 6·25) retained. Assuming a lysine concentration in the retained body protein of 65–72 mg/g, lysine was utilized with an efficiency of 0·58–0·65

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