scholarly journals Utilisation of reactive lysine from meat and bone meals of different ash content by growing-finishing pigs

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsi Partanen ◽  
Hilkka Siljander-Rasi ◽  
Timo Alaviuhkola ◽  
Nina Van Gilse van der Pals
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Diet Formulation ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
Feed Unit

A growth experiment was conducted using 50 pigs (25-100 kg) to evaluate the use of meat and bone meals of different ash content as a substitute for soyabean meal (SBM) for growing pigs and the potential of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (FDNB) reactive lysine in diet formulation. The control diet consisted of barley and SBM. For test diets, either 33 or 67% of SBM was replaced with meat and bone meal of low (ML, 205 g ash/kg) or high (MH, 349 g ash/kg) ash content. SBM, ML33, ML67, MH33 and MH67 diets contained 7.8, 7.8, 8.2, 7.8 and 7.9 g FDNB-reactive lysine/feed unit (feed unit is equivalent to 9.3 MJ NE), respectively. For these diets, average daily live weight gains (ADG) were 859, 830, 805, 854 and 813 g/d with feed conversion ratios of 2.25, 2.40, 2.41, 2.31 and 2.44 feed units/kg, respectively. Pigs fed the SBM diet grew faster (P

scholarly journals Lysine supplementation of barley wet distillers’ solids diets for growing-finishing pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmo Valaja ◽  
Hilkka Siljander-Rasi ◽  
Timo Alaviuhkola ◽  
Asko Rantanen
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Soyabean Meal

A growth experiment was conducted to study the effect of different lysine supplementation levels of barley wet distillers’ solids (WDS) diets on the performance and the carcass quality of pigs (25.5-95.5 kg live weight). A total of 160 pigs were divided into four groups of 40 animals. Four pigs of the same sex were placed in each pen and fed one of the four experimental diets; a barley-soyabean meal (SBM) control diet (167 g crude protein (CP) /kg dry matter (DM) and 7.6 g lysine/feed unit (FU)) or three similar barley-WDS diets (204 g CP/kg DM) which were supplemented with synthetic lysine to contain 7.7, 9.2 or 10.7 g lysine/FU. Lysine supplementation linearly improved the daily weight gain (DG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the pigs during growing (1-5 weeks) (p < 0.001), finishing (6th week onward) (p < 0.001) and the whole experimental period (p < 0.001). However, during the whole growing-finishing period the performance of the pigs levelled off at the lysine level of 9.2 g/FU and daily supply of 18.0 g, respectively(quadratic effect: p < 0.05 for DG and p < 0.01 for FCR). The pigs on the SBM diet grew faster and more efficiently than did the pigs on the WDS diets with similar lysine content (p < 0.05).

scholarly journals The effect of frequency of feeding on the utilization of free lysine by growing pigs

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Batterham
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Frequent Feeding ◽  
Feeding Regimen

1. Pigs from 20 to 47 kg live weight were given a wheat–safflower diet supplemented with either 0, 2 or 4 g L-lysine/kg either once daily or in six equal portions at intervals of 3 h.2. The addition of lysine at both levels significantly (P < 0.001) increased growth rate, feed conversion and lean content of the ham.3. Frequency of feeding had no effect on the response of pigs given the control diet.4. A significant interaction (P < 0.05) between frequency of feeding and lysine supplementation occurred for growth rate. Growth responses to the supplements of 2 and 4 g L-lysine/ kg with once-daily feeding were only 43 and 69% of those achieved under the frequent-feeding regimen.

Effect of concentration and blend of added fat in the diet on the performance of growing pigs

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Bone Content ◽  
Soya Oil

SUMMARYDiets with added fat at 25, 50 and 100 g/kg were formulated with four blends of beef tallow: soya oil, namely 100:0, 75:25, 50:50 and 0:100. An additional diet had no added fat (control diet) to give an experimental design of (3 × 4) + 1. A total of 96 individually penned pigs was used (mean initial and final live weights of 22·4 and 87·5 kg, respectively). The experiment was carried out during the period July 1985 to February 1986 at the Agricultural Research Institute, Hillsborough. Equal numbers of boar and gilt blocks were used and the pigs were fed individually to a scale to give equal amounts of digestible energy: live weight0·75 Neither concentration of fat nor blend of fat had any significant effect on the rates of live weight or carcass weight gain. Increasing concentration of fat significantly improved the carcass feed conversion ratio (P < 0·001), but the blend of fat had no significant effect. Neither killing-out yield nor the intake of digestible energy per unit of carcass gain was significantly affected by the concentration of added dietary fat nor the blend of fat. Fat treatments did not significantly affect the lean plus bone content of the ham joint, drip loss from or the depth of colour of the longissimus dorsi or the weight of flare fat. No evidence was found of synergistic effects between the fat and nonfat components of the diet nor between fats within the blends of fat on growth, digestible energy consumed per unit of carcass gain and carcass attributes. Boars had a more efficient conversion of feed to carcass gain than gilts (P < 0·01).

scholarly journals Growth performance and bio-economics of growing pigs fed diets containing separately fermented and unfermented cassava tuber wastes

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (59) ◽  
pp. 7957-7971
Author(s):  
SO Aro ◽  
◽  
JO Agbede ◽  
VA Aletor ◽  
AA Ashimi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Fibre

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the performance, haematology, nutrient digestibility and economics of production of growing pigs fed diets containing differently fermented cassava starch residue (CSR) and cassava peels (CP) altogether referred to as cassava tuber wastes (CTW). The CSR and CP were each divided into three parts and processed as dry unfermented (UFCRS Diet 2; UFCP Diet 5), naturally fermented (NFCSR Diet 3; NFCP Diet 6) and microbial fermentation by inoculation (MFCSR Diet 4; MFCP Diet 7). Each part was included in a control diet (Diet 1) to replace maize at 20% dietary level to make a total of seven treatments. The final live weight (F LW), total live weight gain (TL G) and total feed consumption (TFC) of pigs fed the control diet were not significantly (p>0.05) different from those fed the test diets. However, the feed conversion ratio (FC R) of pigs fed the control was consistently lower (3.93) than those fed CSR (3.68- 3.30) and CP (3.75- 3.36) - based diets. The response of RBC, WBC, Hb and PCV to the dietary treatment varied significantly (p<0.05) with the CTW -product incorporated into the diets vizs: RBC 10 6 /mm 3 : 7.53 vs CSR (5.71- 6.26) and CP (4.71- 5.75); WBC 10 3 /mm 3 :14.84 vs CSR (9.06- 10.06) and CP (8.53- 10.90) , and PCV%: 36.75 vs CSR (35.75- 36.00) and CP (32.5- 37.00) while the MCHC and differential counts were not significantly (P>0.05) affected. Varied effects on the digestibility of major ingredients in the diets were observed with the digestibility of dry matter (DM) been enhanced : 0.49- 8.68% and 3.10- 7.48%, organic matter (OM): 1.60 -9.37% and 3.41- 8.43%, crude protein: 3.33- 6.17% and 1.18 -4.10% , and crude fibre (CF): 24.37- 30.52% and 2.34- 28.80% by CSR and CP, respectively , over the control diet . T he Mean Apparent Digestibility (MAD) for NFE (CSR 65.07%; CP 69.33%) was higher than that of the control diet (61.49%) . The cost of feed intake per pig decreased : 11.92 -12.76% and 8.38 -14.95% , cost of feed per k g body weight gain: 14.84- 22.66% and 14.84- 21.88% with enhanced gross profit increase of 19.66 -29.02% and 14.37- 26.50% in CSR - and CP -based diets, respectively. It can , therefore, be concluded that CTW products could be included in pig’s diet as an alternative to maize.

In vitro characterisation of two Lactobacillus strains and evaluation of their suitability as probiotics for growing-finishing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1537
Author(s):  
D. Y. Zhang ◽  
H. F. Ji ◽  
S. X. Wang ◽  
H. Liu ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White

In this study, we evaluated the probiotic properties of two strains Lactobacillus reuteri ZLR003 and Lactobacillus salivarius ZLS006. The two strains displayed tolerance of acid and heat, and demonstrated antimicrobial ability in vitro. Furthermore, their potential functions in vivo were also tested. A total of 120 crossbred (Landrace × Large White) growing pigs were divided into three groups: a control diet, the same diet supplemented with L. reuteri ZLR003 (2.0 × 109 cfu/kg of diet) or L. salivarius ZLS006 (3.50 × 109 cfu/kg of diet). The results showed that the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly improved in L. reuteri ZLR003- (1–5 weeks and 1–9 weeks) (P &lt; 0.05) and L. salivarius ZLS006-treated pigs (1–5 weeks, 6–9 weeks and 1–9 weeks) (P &lt; 0.05) compared with the control group. Dietary supplementation with L. salivarius ZLS006 increased the apparent digestibility of nitrogen at Week 9 (P &lt; 0.05). The faecal Lactobacillus populations increased at the end of experiment, and the Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in faeces decreased in the two Lactobacillus treatments compared with the control at Week 5 (P &lt; 0.05) and Week 9 (P &lt; 0.05), respectively. Furthermore, the total cholesterol, alanine transferase, aspartate transferase, blood urea nitrogen and haptoglobin levels in serum were significantly decreased following L. reuteri ZLR003 and L. salivarius ZLS006 treatments (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, these data suggest that the two Lactobacillus strains may be promising candidates for probiotic products in growing-finishing pigs.

Influence of energy and protein concentration in the diet on the performance of growing pigs 2. Differing nutrient density at a constant energy: protein ratio

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Lodge ◽  
M. E. Cundy ◽  
R. Cooke ◽  
D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Amino Acid Balance

SUMMARYForty-eight gilts by Landrace sires on Large White × Landrace females were randomly allocated to eight pens and within pens to six treatment groups involving three diets and two levels of feeding from 23 to 59 kg live weight. All diets were formulated to have approximately the same ratio of digestible energy to crude protein (160 kcal DE/unit % CP) but different energy and protein concentrations: (A) 3500 kcal/kg DE and 21 % CP, (B) 3150 kcal/kg DE and 19% CP, and (C) 2800 kcal/kg DE and 17% CP. Amino acid balance was maintained relatively constant with synthetic lysine, methionine and tryptophan. The levels of feeding were such that the lower level of diet A allowed an intake of energy and protein similar to the higher level of diet B, and the lower level of B was similar to the higher level of C.On the lower level of feeding, growth rate, efficiency of feed conversion and carcass fat content increased linearly with each increment in nutrient concentration; on the higher level of feeding growth rate and EFC increased from diet C to B but not from B to A, whereas carcass fat content increased linearly with diet from the lowest to the highest concentration. There was a non-significant tendency for the higher density diets at a similar level of nutrient intake to give better EFC and fatter carcasses than the lower density diets.

The effects of dietary fibre, lactose and antibiotic on the levels of skatole and indole in faeces and subcutaneous fat in growing pigs

1992 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Hawe ◽  
N. Walker ◽  
B. W. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

AbstractThe effects on the production of indoles of dietary fibre, lactose and antibiotic were examined in a factorial design using 16 crossbred pigs (eight boars and eight gilts) from 40 to 90 kg live weight. The control diet was based on wheat and soya-bean meal which was partially replaced either by sugar-beet pulp (400 mg/g) or lactose (25 mg/g) or both. All diets were offered with or without the antibiotic tylosin phosphate (200 mg/kg diet). Animals were penned individually and the diet restricted to provide 1·3 M] digestible energy per kg M0·75. All faeces were collected for two 4-day periods at about 60 and 75 kg live weight. Animals were slaughtered on completion of the experiment and subcutaneous fat was sampled. Faeces and carcass fat were analysed for skatole and indole. There were no significant effects of treatments on growth rate but killing-out proportion was reduced (P< 0·05) on fibre or lactose diets with an additive effect (P< 0·001) of the combined ingredients. Dietary fibre significantly increased the daily elimination of skatole and indole and the concentration of indole in faeces but because of greater faecal bulk on the fibre diet the concentration of skatole in faecal dry matter was higher (P< 0·05) on the control diet. Dietary lactose had no effect on indole in faeces but significantly reduced the concentration and daily output of skatole. Levels of both skatole and indole in faeces tended to be reduced with dietary antibiotic which had a significant interaction with the fibre treatment on indole levels. The concentrations of skatole or indole in subcutaneous fat were neither affected by dietary treatment nor significantly correlated with concentrations or outputs in faeces.

scholarly journals Effect of guar gum on gastric emptying in growing pigs

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna L. Rainbird ◽  
A. G. Low
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

1. Simple gastric cannulas were surgically fitted to four pigs, initially of 30 kg live weight, to examine the effects of guar gum on gastric emptying.2. Four semi-purified high-fat diets based on starch, casein, soya-bean oil and tallow were given to each pig. They contained 0 (control), 20, 40 or 60 g powdered guar gum/kg diet. The meals as fed contained 257 g dry matter (DM)/kg.3. The contents of the stomach were evacuated, with rinsing, before feeding or 0.5, 1, 2 or 4 h after feeding.4. The mean pH of the digesta was unaffected by guar gum until 4 h after feeding when the value increased as the amount of guar gum in the diet rose.5. The only significant effects of guar gum on the emptying of digesta and its components (compared with the control diet) were to reduce the rate of emptying of (a) digesta 1 h after feeding (60 g/kg diet) and 4 h after feeding (40 and 60 g/kg diets), (b) dry matter and glucose 1 h after feeding (60 g/kg diet), (c) nitrogen 1 h after feeding (60 g/kg diet) and 4 h after feeding (40 and 60 g/kg diets).6. When expressed on a half-time (T50) basis, the emptying of digesta and N (but not of DM and glucose) were significantly slower for diets containing 40 and 60 g guar gum/kg than for the control diet.7. The apparent viscosity of the gastric digesta ranged between 0.5 and 23.7% of the values for the diets as consumed.8. It was concluded that the effects of guar gum on gastric emptying of high-solid meals were small, and that this was unlikely to be an important aspect of the mechanism by which guar gum reduces postprandial blood glucose concentrations.

A nutritional evaluation of diets containing meat meal for growing pigs. 6. Amino acid and mineral-vitamin-antibiotic supplements for maize-meat meal diets

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 534 ◽  
Author(s):  
ES Batterham
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Nutritional Evaluation ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Cent Increase

Maize-meat meal and maize-meat and bone meal diets were supplemented with dl-tryptophan, l-lysine or a mineral-vitamin-antibiotic (MVA) premix and fed to pigs during the 1s to 45 kg growth phase. Diets were offered at an estimated 145 kcal of digestible energy and 7g crude protein per kg liveweight per day. The basal maize-meat meal diet produced poor growth and feed conversion and the combined addition of all three supplements increased growth by 46 per cent, feed conversion by 21 per cent, and lean in the ham by 4.7 per cent. This effect resulted from responses to dl-tryptophan, the MVA and an interaction between dl-tryptophan and l-lysine, with l-lysine depressing gain and feed conversion in the absence of dl- tryptophan and increasing gain, feed conversion, and lean in the ham in its presence. The basal maize-meat and bone meal diet also produced poor growth and feed conversion, and the combined addition of all three supplements resulted in an 82 per cent increase in growth, a 35 per cent increase in feed conversion, and a 3.3 per cent increase in lean in the ham. Both dl-tryptophan and MYA separately increased growth and feed conversion and combined they had an even greater effect. The l-lysine increased feed conversion and lean in the ham. The l-lysine also increased growth rates on the dl-tryptophan supplemented diets, but this effect was not significant (P>0.05).

Protein quality studies. 1. A comparison of meat and bone meal and fish meal-skim milk powder as sources of supplementary protein for growing pigs

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (29) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
BR Wilson ◽  
JM Holder
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

Pig performance was compared on wheat based diets supplemented by two levels of either meat and bone meal or fish meal plus skim milk powder. The dry matter digestibility and nitrogen retention on these diets were determined and the effect of adding zinc to diets containing meat and bone meal was examined. At the higher level, fish meal plus skim milk powder produced greater daily gains between 60-160 lb than the meat and bone meal, but feed conversion and carcase lean were not affected. At the lower level, fish meal plus skim milk powder produced leaner carcases and greater daily gains between 60-160 lb than the meat and bone meal supplement, but had no effect on feed conversion. Between 60-100 lb, feed conversion was affected by level but not by supplement, and the higher level of fish meal plus skim milk powder produced greater daily gains than all other diets. The higher levels of each supplement produced greater nitrogen retentions and leaner carcases than the lower levels. Dry matter digestibility was least on the higher level meat and bone meal. Zinc supplements had no effect on performance.

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