scholarly journals Slow-release fertilizer to increase grain N content in spring wheat

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-324
Author(s):  
Ari Rajala ◽  
Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
Total Plant

Low grain protein often restricts the use of grain lots for milling in Finland. Nitrogen availability during grain-filling may restrict grain protein accumulation, particularly in high yielding environments. Slow-release fertilizers could potentially sustain nitrogen availability during the grain-filling period. The aim of this study was to increase plant nitrogen uptake, grain yield and grain protein response of spring wheat cultivar ‘Amaretto’, using combinations of a regular and slow-release compound NPK fertilizer. Fertilizer treatment effects on grain yield was modest, however, slow-release fertilizer treatments lowered grain protein content as well as grain, straw and total plant N compared with control treatment. The total plant N was 10 to 27 kg ha-1 lower following application of slow-release fertilizer. The results clearly indicate that the release of N by the slow-release fertilizer tested in this trial was too slow for cool Finnish growing conditions.

scholarly journals Combining Genomic and Phenomic Information for Predicting Grain Protein Content and Grain Yield in Spring Wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karansher S. Sandhu ◽  
Paul D. Mihalyov ◽  
Megan J. Lewien ◽  
Michael O. Pumphrey ◽  
Arron H. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Spectral Information ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Prediction Ability ◽  
Secondary Traits

Genomics and high throughput phenomics have the potential to revolutionize the field of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding. Genomic selection (GS) has been used for predicting various quantitative traits in wheat, especially grain yield. However, there are few GS studies for grain protein content (GPC), which is a crucial quality determinant. Incorporation of secondary correlated traits in GS models has been demonstrated to improve accuracy. The objectives of this research were to compare performance of single and multi-trait GS models for predicting GPC and grain yield in wheat and to identify optimal growth stages for collecting secondary traits. We used 650 recombinant inbred lines from a spring wheat nested association mapping (NAM) population. The population was phenotyped over 3 years (2014–2016), and spectral information was collected at heading and grain filling stages. The ability to predict GPC and grain yield was assessed using secondary traits, univariate, covariate, and multivariate GS models for within and across cycle predictions. Our results indicate that GS accuracy increased by an average of 12% for GPC and 20% for grain yield by including secondary traits in the models. Spectral information collected at heading was superior for predicting GPC, whereas grain yield was more accurately predicted during the grain filling stage. Green normalized difference vegetation index had the largest effect on the prediction of GPC either used individually or with multiple indices in the GS models. An increased prediction ability for GPC and grain yield with the inclusion of secondary traits demonstrates the potential to improve the genetic gain per unit time and cost in wheat breeding.

Simultaneous selection for early maturity, increased grain yield and elevated grain protein content in spring wheat

2007 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Iqbal ◽  
A. Navabi ◽  
D. F. Salmon ◽  
R.-C. Yang ◽  
D. Spaner
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Simultaneous Selection ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals Evaluation of Spring Wheat Genotypes (Triticum Aestivum L.) for Heat Stress Tolerance Using Different Stress Tolerance Indices

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Khan ◽  
M.R. Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Heat Stress Tolerance ◽  
Late Sowing

Abstract Twenty five spring wheat genotypes were evaluated for terminal heat stress tolerance in field environments in the Agro Ecological Zone-11 of Bangladesh, during 2009-2010 cropping season. The experiments were conducted at Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, using randomized block design with three replicates under non-stress (optimum sowing) and stress (late sowing) conditions. Seven selection indices for stress tolerance including mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), tolerance (TOL), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), stress tolerance index (STI) and stress susceptibility index (SSI) were calculated based on grain yield of wheat under optimum and late sowing conditions. The results revealed significant variations due to genotypes for all characters in two sowing conditions. Principal component analysis revealed that the first PCA explained 0.64 of the variation with MP, GMP, YI and STI. Using MP, GMP, YI and STI, the genotypes G-05 and G-22 were found to be the best genotypes with relatively high yield and suitable for both optimum and late heat stressed conditions. The indices SSI, YSI and TOL could be useful parameters in discriminating the tolerant genotypes (G-12, G-13, and G-14) that might be recommended for heat stressed conditions. It is also concluded from the present studies that biomass, grain filling rate and spikes number m-2 are suitable for selecting the best genotypes under optimum and late sowing conditions because these parameters are highly correlated with MP, GMP, YI and STI. However, high ground cover with long pre heading stage and having high grain filling rate would made a genotype tolerant to late heat to attain a high grain yield in wheat.

Rate and duration of grain filling in relation to flag leaf senescence and grain yield in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) exposed to different concentrations of ozone

2008 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Gelang ◽  
Håkan Pleijel ◽  
Ebe Sild ◽  
Helena Danielsson ◽  
Suhaila Younis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Filling

Sources of nitrogen and methods of application for flooded rice: I. Comparison of two methods of applying slow release and standard fertilizer materials

1967 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. V. Simsiman ◽  
S. K. De Datta ◽  
J. C. Moomaw
Keyword(s):  
Medium Release ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Rough Rice ◽  
Methods Of Application

Field experiments with rice were conducted on a flooded soil comparing two standard fertilizers with N fertilizers with various release rates. For each of these fertilizer materials two methods of application were compared: broadcast and incorporated, and placement at 15 cm depth. The .slow release materials resulted in a lower grain yield than did fast or medium release rate or standard fertilizer materials. They released N too slowly during the early growth of rice to permit optimum plant growth and development.Placement of 80 kg/ha N at 15 cm depth increased the plant N content at all stages of growth and significantly increased the grain yield compared with the broadcast-and-incorporated fertilizer treatment. The highest grain yield in the experiment (7701 kg/ha rough rice) was obtained from a medium release material, which was 88 % more efficient in increasing grain yield per unit of N when placed at 15 cm than when broadcast-and-incorporated.The recovery of fertilizer N was 68% when deeply placed and 38 % when broadcast-andincorporated.

scholarly journals The effect of climatic factors on production of spring wheat quantity to quality ratio in southern Finland

1990 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jari Peltonen ◽  
Tuomo Karvonen ◽  
Erkki Kivi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Total Precipitation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dry Conditions

Interrelationships between climatic factors and spring wheat yield and quality were examined with 21 years field experiments. The formation of gluten was less at dry conditions (total precipitation under 50 mm) and total precipitation exceeded 130—140 mm. The optimum daily temperature for gluten production was some 15—17°C during grain filling. The gluten content decreased if daily minimum and maximum temperatures exceeded 11—12°C and 21—22°C, respectively. The effect of temperature and rainfall were not, however, significant in early maturing varieties. The climatic factors and grain yield did not correlate. Grain yield and protein yield had strong positive relationship, which was perhaps a consequence of supply and utilization of nitrogen. It is concluded that climatic factors affecting yield to quality ration in wheat may be excessive rains before heading and high temperature during grain filling. Interaction between weather and nitrogen are discussed to optimize correct timing of nitrogen fertilization for amount and quality of economic wheat yield.

Rate and time of fertilizer nitrogen application on yield, protein and apparent efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen use of spring wheat

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
E. J. Botha ◽  
H. Rees
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
N Status

Use of an in-season measurement of crop nitrogen (N) status to optimize fertilizer N management has been proposed as a means of optimizing yield of spring wheat while minimizing environmental N losses. This study determined the effect of the rate and time of fertilizer N application on the grain yield, grain protein, and apparent recovery of fertilizer N in grain and in the above-ground plant for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in 2001–2003, and evaluated the use of a SPAD-502 meter to measure crop N status in spring wheat. Sixteen N fertility treatments were used, including application of different rates of fertilizer N (0–160 kg N ha-1) applied pre-seeding (ZGS 0), at tillering (ZGS 21) and at shooting (ZGS 32) as ammonium nitrate. Split N application provided no benefit in terms of grain yield or apparent recovery of fertilizer N. Application of fertilizer N at ZGS 32 reduced crop yield and apparent recovery of fertilizer N compared with N application at ZGS 0. Application of fertilizer N at ZGS 21 reduced yield and apparent recovery of fertilizer N in grain in 2 of 3 yr, but had no effect on apparent recovery of fertilizer N in the above-ground plant. Delayed fertilizer N application generally increased grain protein. Fertilizer N can be applied at ZGS 21 as required to optimize grain yield provided at least some fertilizer N is applied prior to seeding; however, crop N status cannot reliably be assessed at this time using a SPAD-502 meter. Crop N status can be assessed at ZGS 32 using a SPAD-502 meter; however, fertilizer N application at this time primarily influences grain protein rather than grain yield. These results highlight the need for a means of predicting soil N mineralization potential in order to optimize grain yield in humid environments where carry-over of soil nitrate from the previous growing season is limited. Key words: Triticum aestivum; N mineralization; soil N supply; SPAD-502 meter, leaf chlorophyll index

Influence of tillage systems and nitrogen management on grain yield, grain protein and nitrogen-use efficiency in UK spring wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 154 (8) ◽  
pp. 1437-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. RIAL-LOVERA ◽  
W. P. DAVIES ◽  
N. D. CANNON ◽  
J. S. CONWAY
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

SUMMARYEffects of soil tillage systems and nitrogen (N) fertilizer management on spring wheat yield components, grain yield and N-use efficiency (NUE) were evaluated in contrasting weather of 2013 and 2014 on a clay soil at the Royal Agricultural University's Harnhill Manor Farm, Cirencester, UK. Three tillage systems – conventional plough tillage (CT), high intensity non-inversion tillage (HINiT) and low intensity non-inversion tillage (LINiT) for seedbed preparation – were compared at four rates of N fertilizer (0, 70, 140 and 210 kg N/ha). Responses to the effects of the management practices were strongly influenced by weather conditions and varied across seasons. Grain yields were similar between LINiT and CT in 2013, while CT produced higher yields in 2014. Nitrogen fertilization effects also varied across the years with no significant effects observed on grain yield in 2013, while in 2014 applications up to 140 kg N/ha increased yield. Grain protein ranged from 10·1 to 14·5% and increased with N rate in both years. Nitrogen-use efficiency ranged from 12·6 to 49·1 kg grain per kg N fertilizer and decreased as N fertilization rate increased in both years. There was no tillage effect on NUE in 2013, while in 2014 NUE under CT was similar to LINiT and higher than HINiT. The effect of tillage and N fertilization on soil moisture and soil mineral N (SMN) fluctuated across years. In 2013, LINiT showed significantly higher soil moisture than CT, while soil moisture did not differ between tillage systems in 2014. Conventional tillage had significantly higher SMN at harvest time in 2014, while no significant differences on SMN were observed between tillage systems in 2013. These results indicate that LINiT can be used to produce similar spring wheat yield to CT on this particular soil type, if a dry cropping season is expected. Crop response to N fertilization is limited when soil residual N is higher, while in conditions of lower residual SMN, a higher N supply is needed to increase yield and improve grain protein content.

scholarly journals Dissecting of the Deterioration in Eating Quality for Erect Panicle (Ep) Type High Yield Japonica Super Rice in Northest China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibo Chen ◽  
Shuangjie Chen ◽  
Yihui Jiang ◽  
Qing Lu ◽  
Zhongyuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Filling ◽  
Pleiotropic Effect ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

Abstract Ep type is an important morphological improvement (following dwarf breeding and ideal plant type) to adapt to super high yield breeding of rice, which shows a pleiotropic effect in increasing grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in rice. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether Ep has adverse effects on eating quality and its regulatory of increasing nitrogen uptake and assimilation. In this study, we developed a pair of near-isogenic lines (NILs) of dep1 (NIL-Ep, NIL-Non Ep) in the Liaogeng 5 (LG5) and Akihikari (AKI) backgrounds. Here, we report that rice plants NIL-Ep have more grain numbers per panicle in middle to bottom spike positions than plants NIL-non Ep. This part of increased grain not only is the key factor to increase the yield, but also is the reason to reduce the eating quality. The content of prolamin and glutelin in the grain increased significantly, which resulted in higher hardness and worse viscosity of rice after cooking. Additionally, the activity of several essential enzymes catalyzing nitrogen metabolism is higher in the NIL-Ep line than in NIL-non Ep line, especially from the mid to late grain filling stage. Based on these results, we conclude that Ep positively regulates grain protein accumulation primarily through enhance the activity of enzyme enroll nitrogen assimilation and redistribution during the mid to late grain-filling stage, resulting in excessive accumulation of grain protein and decreased the quality of eating.

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