scholarly journals Preliminary Preliminary Evaluation of Morphological and Pomological Characters to Illustrate Genetic Diversity of Apricots (Prunus armeniaca L.) in Afghanistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedayatullah Salari ◽  
Alam Khan Samim ◽  
Saifuddin Ahadi ◽  
Sayed Ahmad Etemadi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation

Afghanistan assumed to be a part of the diversity center of Central Asian group of apricots but due to lack of proper collection, precise detection and documentation of distinct variability, the apricot diversity in the country is under unknown and unprecedented threat. This study, therefore, was run in Badam-Bagh research station for two consecutive seasons (2016-2017) to assess 28 various characters of 20 native Afghan apricot accessions. Results showed a high variability among studied genotypes. Leaf and fruit characteristics such as leaf blade length, leaf blade width, fruit weight, kernel weight, mesocarp percentage, kernel bitterness and fruit quality like total soluble solids, pH, and titratable acidity, skin color and fruit shape which subsequently determines customer appeal and marketability, displayed huge variation. Based on fruit weight, there were two groups of apricot genotypes; small fruits (<37 g) and large fruits (>37 g). Accessions with large fruits embrace: “Amiri”, “Bid-Mushk”, “Hassan-Khili”, “Jibraelli”, “Koorpa”, “Qandak”, “Pir-Naqshi”, “Seyed-Abadi”, “Salari-Sorkh”, and “Saqi”. Most genotypes were early flowering and intermediately ripening in nature. Kernels of only “Walayati” accession had strong bitterness and remained were sweet-kernelled. The mesocarps of most accessions were very weakly adhered to stones. PCA showed 86.15% of total variance among genotypes to be due to first seven components. UPGMA cluster analysis separated 20 accessions into 2 main groups (13 accessions in the first and 7 accessions in the second groups). The results exhibited that morphological characters of leaf and fruit and pomological characters are of immense importance in fast and easy description of apricot genotypes. This is per se the first study on genetic diversity of apricot accessions performed in Afghanistan. The results would provide opportunity for apricot breeders to select accessions with elite and premium characters in terms of marketability and adaptability for particular growing sites.

scholarly journals Assessment of Morphological Traits, Nutritional and Nutraceutical Composition in Fruits of 18 Apricot cv. Sekerpare Clones

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11385
Author(s):  
Neva Karatas ◽  
Sezai Ercisli ◽  
Mehmet Ramazan Bozhuyuk
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Trolox Equivalent

Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) is one of the most important members of Prunus and its trees bears delicious and nutritious fruits during summer months in the temperate zones in the world. Apricot cultivars are propagated asexually which consists of clones. Information on inter-clonal variations in apricot cultivars can assist us in the selection of better clones from commercial cultivars. We aimed to determine morphological traits (fruit weight, seed weight, kernel weight, flesh/seed ratio, shape index, fruit firmness, color index), nutritional (sugars and organic acids) and nutraceutical (total phenolic, total flavonoids, total carotenoid and antioxidant activity) composition of 18 clones of Sekerpare apricot cultivar grown together in Kagizman district in eastern Turkey. Results showed significant differences among clones concerning most of the morphological traits, nutritional and nutraceutical compositions. Fruit weight, flesh/seed ratio and fruit firmness of clones were in range of 23.14–27.11 g, 11.21–13.14 and 3.88–5.11 kg/cm2, respectively. Fruit shape index was slightly similar among all clones which was between 0.95 and 1.03. Citric acid and sucrose were found to be the predominant organic acid and sugar among clones which varied from 728 to 915 mg/100 g and 7.11 to 9.94 g/100 g, respectively. The clone ‘KS2’ exhibited the highest level of total phenol (67.1 mg gallic acid equivalent per 100 g) and antioxidant activity (2.16 μmol trolox equivalent per g). The study confirmed the diversity among Sekerpare clones and effectiveness of combining morphological, nutritional and nutraceutical analyses in assessment of Şekerpare clones and its use for future pre-breeding programs.

Evaluasi Keragaan Beberapa Hibrida Semangka Koleksi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Makful Makful ◽  
Kuswandi Kuswandi ◽  
Sahlan Sahlan ◽  
Mega Andini
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

Hybrid breeding of watermelon has led to the formation of high-yielding varieties. The objectives of the research were to determine the performance of hybrid watermelon of the Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI) collection and to evaluate the superiority of each hybrid. The research has been conducted at Sumani Experimental Garden, ITFRI, Solok, West Sumatera, from April to July 2016. The material used consisted of 19 cross combinations. The data from this descriptive study were presented in the form of averages and pictures. The results showed that the hybrids that were tested showed diversity in size, fruit skin color, flesh color, skin thickness and fruit sweetness. Hybrids with three excellent characters, i.e. medium fruit weight, high total soluble solids (TSS) value, and moderate rind thickness, were not yet obtained. Hybrids that had the superiority in term of sweet taste and shelf life were BT1 × SGP, BT4 × BT4P, BT5 × BT4, BT6 × SGP and SGP × BT6. Keywords: hybrid, performance, total soluble solids, watermelon   ABSTRAK Pemuliaan hibrida pada semangka mengarah kepada pembentukan varietas berdaya hasil tinggi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaan hibrida semangka koleksi Balitbu Tropika dan untuk mengevaluasi keunggulan masing-masing hibrida Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Sumani, Balitbu Tropika, Solok, Sumatera Barat, dari bulan April sampai dengan Juli 2016. Materi yang digunakan terdiri dari 19 kombinasi persilangan. Data hasil penelitian deskriptif ini ditampilkan dalam bentuk rataan dan gambar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hibrida yang diuji memiliki keragaman dalam ukuran, warna kulit buah, warna daging buah, ketebalan kulit buah dan kemanisan. Belum ditemukan hibrida yang memiliki tiga karakter unggul, yang terdiri dari bobot buah sedang, total padatan terlarut (total soluble solid) tinggi, dan kulit buah agak tebal. Hibrida yang memiliki keunggulan berupa rasa manis dan tahan simpan adalah BT1 × SGP, BT4 × BT4P, BT5 × BT4, BT6 × SGP dan SGP × BT6. Kata kunci: hibrida, keragaan, semangka, total padatan terlarut

Analysis of phenotypic diversity of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) accessions from Jammu and Kashmir, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Showkat A. Zargar ◽  
Aijaz A. Wani ◽  
M. I. S. Saggoo
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Upgma Dendrogram ◽  
Fruit Quality Traits

Abstract Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) is a world-wide highly appreciated fruit, with its attractive colour, soft texture and typical flavour. In the current investigation, 68 apricot accessions collected from Jammu and Kashmir, India were analysed to determine the measure of variation using 12 qualitative and 16 quantitative traits with an aim to identify superior apricot accessions with excellent fruit quality traits. High phenotypic variability was observed among the studied apricot accessions with significant differences among most of the qualitative and quantitative traits. Fruit-related characteristics including fruit weight, fruit length, fruit ratio, fruit firmness, fruit shape, fruit suture, stone weight, kernel weight and stone shape were the most diverse with a high coefficient of variation (>30%). One way analysis of variance showed significant differences (P < 0.0001) among all the quantitative traits. Significant positive and negative correlations were observed between all the agronomically important fruit quality traits. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that 75.34% of the variability was defined by the first eight components. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram, based on all traits measured grouped the accessions into two main clusters with several sub-clusters. Both UPGMA dendrogram and PCA scatter plot formed a cluster of 14 accessions, having the highest values regarding most important fruit quality traits such as fruit weight, fruit length and width, fruit ratio, stone weight and kernel weight can be treated as potentially superior accessions. These accessions can be used directly for cultivation and in future apricot breeding programmes. The present findings are promising for genetic resource management, cultivar improvement and commercial applications of apricot in Jammu and Kashmir, India.

scholarly journals Flower thinning of apple cultivar Braeburn using ammonium and potassium thiosulfate: Short communication

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Milić ◽  
N. Magazin ◽  
Z. Keserović ◽  
M. Dorić
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Flower Bud Formation ◽  
Flower Thinning

Ammonium and potassium thiosulfate are used commercially or experimentally as flower thinners because they are considered user, environment and consumer safe. The thinning trials were conducted in 2009 and 2010, on three- and four-year-old Braeburn Mariri Red* trees. The chemicals were applied at 1%, 2% and 3% rates of ammonium and 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% of potassium thiosulfate. Both thinning agents reduced fruit set, but were more efficient in 2009, when applied at 20% full bloom, than in 2010, when they were applied at 80% full bloom. Flower thinning with ammonium and potassium thiosulfate increased the average fruit weight, but the highest chemical rates retarded fruit growth. Ammonium and potassium thiosulfate did not affect fruit shape and firmness, but they increased starch degradation, total soluble solids content and titratable acidity. The treatments increased the percentage of flower buds, except at the highest chemical rates, where leaf damage reduced flower bud formation. Ammonium or potassium thiosulfate application may be recommended as the first step in a chemical thinning program

scholarly journals Genetic divergence among pumpkin landraces

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca Lourenço de Oliveira ◽  
Leandro Simões Azeredo Gonçalves ◽  
Rosana Rodrigues ◽  
Viviane Yumi Baba ◽  
Cláudia Pombo Sudré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative

Estimating the genetic variability in germplasm collections is important not only for conserving genetic resources, but also for plant breeding purposes. However, generating a large number of different categories data (qualitative and quantitative) often complicate the analysis and results interpretation, resulting in an incomplete distinction of accessions. This study reports the characterization and evaluation of 14 pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) accessions collected from farms in the northern region of Rio de Janeiro state. Genetic diversity among accessions was also estimated using qualitative and quantitative variables considering joint analysis. The plants were grown under field conditions in a randomized block design with three replications and six plants per plot. Eight qualitative traits (leaf size; seed shape; seed color; color of the fruit pulp; hollow; fruit shape; skin color, and fruit skin texture) and eight quantitative traits (fruit weight; fruit length; fruit diameter; soluble solids, 100 seed weight, and wall thickness measured in the middle and in the lower stem) were evaluated. The data were analyzed considering the Gower distance, and cluster analysis was performed using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). Variability among accessions was observed considering morphoagronomic data. The Gower distance together with UPGMA cluster allowed for good discrimination between accessions in the groups, demonstrating that the simultaneous analysis of qualitative and quantitative data is feasible and may increase the understanding of the variation among accessions.

scholarly journals Flowering period and fruit quality of peach trees selections and cultivars in the metropolitan region of Curitiba

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giselda Alves ◽  
Jhulia Gelain ◽  
Gloria Soriano Vidal ◽  
Cristiano Nunes Nesi ◽  
Louise Larissa May De Mio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Peach Trees

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the flowering period and the physicochemical characteristics of peaches, aiming to find those most promising for the diversification of the peach crop in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, Paraná State. We evaluated 8 selections and three cultivars in Porto Amazonas and 10 cultivars in Araucaria for flowering period, fruit set, diameter and height of fruit, average fruit weight, the skin color, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), ratio SS/ TA, hydrogen potential (pH). The flowering period occurred between late June and late September ranging from 16 to 25 days. The fruit set rate was greater than 50% for ‘Cascata 1513’, ‘Cascata 1429’, ‘Cascata 1577’, ‘Cascata 1743’ and for all cultivars in Araucaria. There were significant differences for the other variables assessed. It was concluded that in Araucária, ‘Charme’ and ‘Chimarrita’ are good planting options, have the same duration of the cycle (111 days), being ‘Charme’ a little later. Besides these, ‘Douradão’ and ‘Rubimel’ have good fruit size, moderate acidity and best SS/TA ratio, being earlier than the previous ones. ‘PS 25399’ is the earliest and showed reddish epidermis and great consumer interest. In Porto Amazonas, selections and cultivars tested produced little fruit of small size, being required more studies to be recommended in these area.

scholarly journals Agronomic potential of BC1F2 dwarf round tomato populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Resende Finzi ◽  
Gabriel Mascarenhas Maciel ◽  
Hugo Gabriel Peres ◽  
Marina Freitas e Silva ◽  
Joicy Vitória Miranda Peixoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Agronomic Potential ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT The use of dwarf lines to obtain mini-tomato hybrids has provided agronomic and economic benefits. In Brazil, round tomatoes predominate over other varieties. The benefits of using a dwarf parent in round tomato hybrids has yet to be explored, making it important to develop dwarf round tomato lines. Backcrossing is the most suitable method to develop these lines. Evaluation and selection of the dwarf populations can improve the development of such lines. Thus, the aim of this study was to select BC1F2 populations of dwarf round tomatoes with agronomic potential and high-quality fruit. The study was conducted at the Vegetable Experimental Station of the Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU). A randomized block design was used, with 15 treatments and three replicates. The genetic material analyzed consisted of 12 BC1F2 dwarf tomato populations, plus both parents (recurrent and donor) and a commercial hybrid. The characteristics assessed were: average fruit weight (g), total soluble solids (ºBrix), number of locules (locules per fruit-1), fruit shape, pulp thickness (cm), longitudinal (cm) and transverse fruit diameter (cm), internode length (cm) and plant height (cm). The data were submitted to mean testing, multivariate analyses and a selection index. In general, average fruit weight in the dwarf populations increased significantly after the first backcross, with some fruits exhibiting a similar shape to round tomatoes. Selection of the populations UFU-DTOM7, UFU-DTOM10, UFU-DTOM5, UFU-DTOM9, and UFU-DTOM3 resulted in an estimated 6% increase in the number of locules, transverse diameter, TD/LD ratio and average fruit weight. The BC1F2 dwarf populations UFU-DTOM7 and UFU-DTOM10 were the most promising for develop inbred lines with round fruits. Despite the considerable progress achieved in this study, we suggest a second backcross, in order to obtain lines and, posteriorly, hybrids with round fruits and compact plants.

scholarly journals Effects of Interspecific Grafting Between Capsicum Species on Scion Fruit Quality Characteristics

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Andrey Vega-Alfaro ◽  
Paul C. Bethke ◽  
James Nienhuis
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Soilborne Pathogens ◽  
Soil Pathogens

Production of Capsicum annuum peppers is often limited, especially in tropical environments, by susceptibility to soil pathogens including Ralstonia solanacearum. Grafting desirable cultivars onto selected rootstocks can increase adaptation to abiotic stress and is an alternative to pesticides for managing soilborne pathogens. Cultivars of two other pepper species, Capsicum baccatum and Capsicum chinense, are tolerant or resistant to an array of soilborne pathogens and have potential as rootstocks; however, knowledge of how interspecific grafting may affect scion fruit quality is lacking. Flowering time, yield, and fruit quality characteristics were evaluated in 2017 and 2020 for C. annuum cultivars Dulcitico, Nathalie (2017), Gypsy (2020), and California Wonder used as scions grafted onto Aji Rico (C. baccatum) and Primero Red (C. chinense) rootstocks, including self-grafted and nongrafted scion checks. In 2020, the rootstocks per se were evaluated. The two rootstocks (‘Aji Rico’ and ‘Primero Red’), three scions, and self- and nongrafted scions were evaluated using a factorial, replicated, completely randomized design in fields at the West Madison and Eagle Heights Agricultural Research Stations located in Madison, WI, in 2017 and 2020, respectively. Differences among the main effects for scion fruit quality characteristics were consistent with cultivar descriptions. No scion × rootstock interactions were observed. Rootstocks did not result in changes in total fruit number, yield, fruit shape (length-to-width ratio), or soluble solids of scion fruit compared with self- and nongrafted checks. The rootstock ‘Primero Red’ increased fruit weight and decreased time to flowering regardless of scion compared with self- and nongrafted checks. All scions were sweet (nonpungent) cultivars and both rootstocks were pungent cultivars. No capsaicinoids were detected in the fruit of sweet pepper scions grafted onto pungent pepper rootstocks. The results indicate that interspecific grafts involving ‘Aji Rico’ and ‘Primero Red’ will not have deleterious effects on fruit quality characteristics of sweet pepper scions.

scholarly journals AN EVALUATION OF BENZYLADENINE AS A POSSIBLE CHEMICAL THINNER OF “EMPIRE”

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 592a-592
Author(s):  
V.E. Emongor ◽  
D.P. Murr ◽  
J.T.A Proctor ◽  
E.C. Lougheed
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Ethylene Concentration ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Cambridge Research ◽  
Thinning Effect ◽  
Soluble Solids Concentration

Field trials at Cambridge Research Station, Ontario, Canada, studied the thinning effect of benzyladenine (BA) on eighteen-year-old “Empire” apple trees. At 16 days after full bloom (fruit diameter 12.87 mm) whole trees were hand sprayed to drip point with BA (0, 100, or 200 mg.1-1). Untreated control trees were compared with treated and hand thinned trees. BA significantly reduced crop load on “Empire”. The thinning response to BA was linear, with recommended thinning occurring at 200 mg.1-1. At harvest, fruit weight, size (diameter and length), flesh firmness and soluble solids concentration, chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents, and seed number were increased by BA treatments. BA had no effect on fruit L:D ratio, internal ethylene concentration, maturity, and the onset of the respiratory climacteric, but significantly reduced respiration at harvest. BA also reduced ethylene production and ACC content at harvest, though the reduction was not significant. Although firmness of BA-treated fruit was significantly higher at harvest, upon storage for 1 month at 0-0.5°C and 90-95% RH the firmness advantage was lost BA shows potential as a thinner of “Empire” apple and has advantage of increasing fruit weight and size, since “Empire” is a relatively small apple compared to other commercial cultivars.

scholarly journals Postharvest Sensory and Physicochemical Attributes of Honey Dew Melon Fruits

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1012-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene Lester ◽  
Krista C. Shellie
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Epidermal Tissue ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Fruit Preference ◽  
L Value ◽  
Fruit Flavor ◽  
Soluble Solids Concentration ◽  
Physicochemical Measurements

Physicochemical and sensory attributes of fully mature honey dew melon (Cucumis melo L. var. inodorus Naud.) fruits were evaluated 10 days after storage for eight commercial cultivars grown in two locations. Cultivars varied in degree of pref- erence expressed by panelists' ratings for overall fruit preference, flavor, and shape and for physicochemical measurements of soluble solids concentration (SSC), flesh firmness, and fruit weight. The sensory attribute that correlated most strongly with overall fruit preference was fruit flavor (r = 0.97). The whiteness of epidermal tissue (rind L value) and SSC correlated more highly with overall fruit preference (r = 0.54 and r = 0.52, respectively) than other physicochemical attributes, such as fruit firm- ness (r = -0.24) and fruit weight (r = -0.12). Epidermal L value correlated more strongly with panelists' ratings for fruit shape (r = 0.69) than with fruit flavor (r = 0.35), but SSC correlated more strongly with fruit flavor (r = 0.61) than with fruit shape (r = 0.30). Superior honey dew melon quality at harvest was associated with high SSC, white epidermal tissue, and round fruit shape.

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