scholarly journals Results of recording sonic waves by seismic stations in the territory of Karelia

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 154-165
Author(s):  
A.A. Lebedev ◽  
N.V. Sharov
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Sharp Change ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Seismic Stations ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sonic Waves

In spite of a relatively low seismic activity level, the detailed study of Karelia is not only of theoretical, scientific interest, but is also of practical value which has increased markedly because there are big industrial complexes, gas pipelines and hydrotechnical facilities in the region. The results of recording sonic waves of various nature by stationary and mobile seismic stations are presented. For the observation period 2000—2020 an array of seismic data has been accumulated. In order to correctly understand the nature of the signals under consideration, it should be noted that North Karelia is known to belong to seismic regions, where 5-point earthquakes have taken place earlier. They were distinguished from earthquakes generated by frost cracking by both visual and instrumental data. They are known throughout Fennoscandia. This group comprises both tremors during frost cracking of the soil, primarily with a sharp change in temperature, and frost cracking of ice in inland water bodies. To decide on the nature of ground shaking, it is necessary to pay attention to such signs as the limited area of oscillations and the nature of the wave record. As a result of seismic monitoring of Karelia, the following frost quakes were also recorded: the passage of the bolidi, the take-off of an aircraft, blasting operations during the disposal of ammunition and mining in the immediate vicinity of residential areas and industrial facilities. A wide range of possible sources and examples of sound waveforms are shown. The data obtained indicate the possibility of some shocks with a force of up to 4ѕ5 points in the immediate vicinity of the place of registration, what should be considered in the routine processing of seismic events and seismic hazard assessment in the southeastern Fennoscandian Shield.

scholarly journals Seismic impact of variously distant earthquakes upon the territory of Belarus

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
Gennadii Aronov
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Local Seismicity ◽  
Seismic Stations ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Seismic Impact ◽  
Southern Greece

The control of the geological environment is one of the most important tasks of the seismological monitoring in the territory of Belarus. The seismological monitoring in Belarus is carried out with a system of continuous round-the-clock computer-aided observations of the seismic events of natural and artificial origin in a wide range of distances and energies. The major task of the seismic environment observation network in the territory of Belarus is recording of the distant, regional, and local seismic events. Since 1966 till the present, the environmental monitoring network of the seismic stations located within the territory of Belarus recorded 60,876 seismic events in various regions of the Earth. The data obtained from strong distant, regional and local seismic events recorded by the seismic stations were analyzed, and the intensity of the seismic impact of the recorded earthquakes upon the studied territory was calculated using the N.V. Shebalin’s formula. The results of investigations performed were used to assess the seismic impact upon the territory of Belarus. A catastrophic earthquake that occurred in the Northern Sumatra western coasts in December 26, 2004, should be mentioned first among the largest earthquakes of the Earth that exerted the strongest impact upon the studied territory. An earthquake in southern Greece on January 8, 2006, and the second one in Turkey on October 23, 2011, are the events that should be mentioned among the strongest earthquakes of Europe and its adjacent areas which impact was important for the territory under study. An earthquake in Rumania on September 23, 2016, was one of the regional earthquakes that had a strong influence on the territory of Belarus. The results of the quantitative assessment of the ground shaking from earthquakes differently distant from the territory of Belarus are used for upgrading maps of the general and local seismicity, as well as for solving several other scientific and applied problems.

scholarly journals Pulsed Electromagnetic Cross-Well Exploration for Monitoring Permafrost and Examining the Processes of Its Geocryological Changes

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Glinskikh ◽  
Oleg Nechaev ◽  
Igor Mikhaylov ◽  
Kirill Danilovskiy ◽  
Vladimir Olenchenko
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vector Finite Element ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic

This paper is dedicated to the topical problem of examining permafrost’s state and the processes of its geocryological changes by means of geophysical methods. To monitor the cryolithozone, we proposed and scientifically substantiated a new technique of pulsed electromagnetic cross-well sounding. Based on the vector finite-element method, we created a mathematical model of the cross-well sounding process with a pulsed source in a three-dimensional spatially heterogeneous medium. A high-performance parallel computing algorithm was developed and verified. Through realistic geoelectric models of permafrost with a talik under a highway, constructed following the results of electrotomography field data interpretation, we numerically simulated the pulsed sounding on the computing resources of the Siberian Supercomputer Center of SB RAS. The simulation results suggest the proposed system of pulsed electromagnetic cross-well monitoring to be characterized by a high sensitivity to the presence and dimensions of the talik. The devised approach can be oriented to addressing a wide range of issues related to monitoring permafrost rocks under civil and industrial facilities, buildings, and constructions.

scholarly journals Empirical Correlation between Inelastic and Elastic Spectral Displacement Demands

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 1419-1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Stafford ◽  
Timothy J. Sullivan ◽  
Domenico Pennucci
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Earthquake Intensity ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Performance Based Seismic Design ◽  
Displacement Demand

Inelastic spectral displacement demand is arguably one of the most effective, simplified means of relating earthquake intensity to building damage. However, seismic hazard assessment is typically conducted using empirical ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) that only provide indications of elastic spectral response quantities, which an engineer subsequently relates to inelastic demands using empirical relationships such as the equal-displacement rule. An alternative approach is to utilize relationships for the inelastic spectral displacement demand directly within the seismic hazard assessment process. Such empirical relationships are developed in this work, as a function of magnitude, distance, building period, and yield strength coefficient, for four different hysteretic models that are representative of a wide range of possible structural typologies found in practice. The new relationships are likely to be particularly useful for performance-based seismic design and assessment.

National and Provincial Profiles of Chemical Releases by Canadian Industrial Sectors, 2002-2010

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savita Rani
Keyword(s):  
Health Hazard ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Regional Health ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
National Trends ◽  
Chemical Releases ◽  
National Profile

The National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) is a public-domain record of chemicals released into air, water and land by Canadian facilities from various industrial sectors. The aim of this study was to use historical NPRI data (2002-10) to build national and provincial profiles showing amount, identity and health-hazard classification of chemicals released by facilities in different sectors. Nationally, it was found that 97% of total chemical releases were released into air, and that the top 3 chemical-emitting sectors – Manufacturing (MAN), Mining (MIN) and Utilities (U) – accounted for 98% of these air emissions. Statistical analysis was used to compare provincial chemical releases in the above 3 sectors. Testing showed that significant variation exists in the activity level of the national top 3 sectors within each province. This is reflected in the finding that provincial top 3 sectors do not necessarily match the national profile. Next, health-hazard classifications were determined for the 10 highest-emitted chemicals in the provincial and national top 3 sectors. In the national profile, MAN was classified as carcinogenic, neurotoxic, respiratory-toxic; MIN as reproductive-toxic, respiratory-toxic; U as respiratory-toxic. Sector-hazard relationships in the provinces differed from the national trends and from each other. Ultimately, associating sectors with particular hazards may help link the nature of regional health outcomes to the hazard type of local industrial facilities. A next step would be to account for differing toxicity levels among chemicals of the same hazard type by normalizing the data with risk scores that take into account a chemical’s specific toxicity.

scholarly journals Hardware solutions for energy-efficient control technologies of distribution network objects based on power semiconductor devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
V. N. Krysanov ◽  
◽  
V. L. Burkovskii ◽  
I. A. Khaychenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Voltage Transformer ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Power Semiconductor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Electric Power Sector ◽  
Power Part ◽  
Control Technologies

The article considers topical issues in development of energysaving technologies to optimize the control of distribution networks according to the criterion of minimum power losses. The technology consists in introducing new hardware to control the modes based on static devices. Based on the analysis of the existing hardware created to control the modes of distributio networks, the developed circuitry solutions of the power part and the control system of the multifunctional thyristor voltage transformer and hybrid thyristor capacitor are proposed. Their main technical characteristics and ways to reduce voltage asymmetry, limiting short circuit currents and regulating reactive power are det ermined. The use of software and hardware solutions was recommended for a wide range of energy conservation tasks, both in the electric power sector and at the level of industrial facilities

Checking The Hydraulic Efficiency and Improving Safety of the Internal Water Supply 

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Sarka Krocova ◽  
Karla Barcova
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Safety Hazard ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Internal Water ◽  
Operational Capabilities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hydraulic Conditions ◽  
Industrial Zones ◽  
Supply Systems

Water management systems in industrial facilities, industrial zones, hospitals and other internal water systems relatively frequently fail to meet the intended purpose for which they were built when an extraordinary event occurs. They may even pose a safety hazard. The causes of this condition may be of internal or external origin. Given that internal water supply systems of large premises always have a multipurpose character, i.e. to provide enough drinking water for drinking and sanitation purposes and also as a source of fire water for the fire safety of buildings, they must meet a wide range of hydraulic conditions and technical-operational capabilities. By what means and methods it is possible to achieve the desired state in economically-acceptable dimensions, while maintaining all the necessary hydraulic capabilities of the supply points of drinking and fire water, is briefly described in this article.

Mesh Network of eHealth Intelligent Agents for Visually Impaired and Blind People

2022 ◽  
pp. 240-271
Author(s):  
Dmytro Zubov
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Agents ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Assistive Devices ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Assistive Device ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Blind And Visually Impaired ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Human Faces

Smart assistive devices for blind and visually impaired (B&VI) people are of high interest today since wearable IoT hardware became available for a wide range of users. In the first project, the Raspberry Pi 3 B board measures a distance to the nearest obstacle via ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 and recognizes human faces by Pi camera, OpenCV library, and Adam Geitgey module. Objects are found by Bluetooth devices of classes 1-3 and iBeacons. Intelligent eHealth agents cooperate with one another in a smart city mesh network via MQTT and BLE protocols. In the second project, B&VIs are supported to play golf. Golf flagsticks have sound marking devices with a buzzer, NodeMcu Lua ESP8266 ESP-12 WiFi board, and WiFi remote control. In the third project, an assistive device supports the orientation of B&VIs by measuring the distance to obstacles via Arduino Uno and HC-SR04. The distance is pronounced through headphones. In the fourth project, the soft-/hardware complex uses Raspberry Pi 3 B and Bytereal iBeacon fingerprinting to uniquely identify the B&VI location at industrial facilities.

scholarly journals Evaluation of The Seismic Hazard in The Marmara Region (Turkey) Based on Updated Databases

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şeşetyan ◽  
Tümsa ◽  
Akinci
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard ◽  
Earthquake Activity ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Intensity Measures ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Fault Characterization

The increase in the wealth of information on the seismotectonic structure of the Marmara region after two devastating earthquakes (M7.6 Izmit and M7.2 Duzce events) in the year 1999 opened the way for the reassessment of the probabilistic seismic hazard in the light of new datasets. In this connection, the most recent findings and outputs of different national and international projects concerning seismicity and fault characterization in terms of geometric and kinematic properties are exploited in the present study to build an updated seismic hazard model. A revised fault segmentation model, alternative earthquake rupture models under a Poisson and renewal assumptions, as well as recently derived global and regional ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) are put together in the present model to assess the seismic hazard in the region. Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) is conducted based on characteristic earthquake modelling for the fault segments capable of producing large earthquakes and smoothed seismicity modelling for the background smaller magnitude earthquake activity. The time-independent and time-dependent seismic hazard results in terms of spatial distributions of three ground-shaking intensity measures (peak ground acceleration, PGA, and 0.2 s and 1.0 s spectral accelerations (SA) on rock having 10% and 2% probabilities of exceedance in 50 years) as well as the corresponding hazard curves for selected cities are shown and compared with previous studies.

Climate Sensitivity and the Direct Effect of Carbon Dioxide in a Limited-Area Cloud-Resolving Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 3413-3429 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Romps
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Climate Sensitivity ◽  
Convective Available Potential Energy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Equilibration Time ◽  
Feedback Parameter ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cloud Resolving Model

AbstractEven in a small domain, it can be prohibitively expensive to run cloud-resolving greenhouse gas warming experiments due to the long equilibration time. Here, a technique is introduced that reduces the computational cost of these experiments by an order of magnitude: instead of fixing the carbon dioxide concentration and equilibrating the sea surface temperature (SST), this technique fixes the SST and equilibrates the carbon dioxide concentration. Using this approach in a cloud-resolving model of radiative–convective equilibrium (RCE), the equilibrated SST is obtained as a continuous function of carbon dioxide concentrations spanning 1 ppmv to nearly 10 000 ppmv, revealing a dramatic increase in equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) at higher temperatures. This increase in ECS is due to both an increase in forcing and a decrease in the feedback parameter. In addition, the technique is used to obtain the direct effects of carbon dioxide (i.e., the rapid adjustments) over a wide range of SSTs. Overall, the direct effect of carbon dioxide offsets a quarter of the increase in precipitation from warming, reduces the shallow cloud fraction by a small amount, and has no impact on convective available potential energy (CAPE).

scholarly journals Analysing the Relationship between Multiple-Timescale SPI and GRACE Terrestrial Water Storage in the Framework of Drought Monitoring

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmelo Cammalleri ◽  
Paulo Barbosa ◽  
Jürgen V. Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Standardised Precipitation Index ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multiple Timescale

The operational monitoring of long-term hydrological droughts is often based on the standardised precipitation index (SPI) for long accumulation periods (i.e., 12 months or longer) as a proxy indicator. This is mainly due to the current lack of near-real-time observations of relevant hydrological quantities, such as groundwater levels or total water storage (TWS). In this study, the correlation between multiple-timescale SPIs (between 1 and 48 months) and GRACE-derived TWS is investigated, with the goals of: (i) evaluating the benefit of including TWS data in a drought monitoring system, and (ii) testing the potential use of SPI as a robust proxy for TWS in the absence of near-real-time measurements of the latter. The main outcomes of this study highlight the good correlation between TWS anomalies (TWSA) and long-term SPI (12, 24 and 48 months), with SPI-12 representing a global-average optimal solution (R = 0.350 ± 0.250). Unfortunately, the spatial variability of the local-optimal SPI underlines the difficulty in reliably capturing the dynamics of TWSA using a single meteorological drought index, at least at the global scale. On the contrary, over a limited area, such as Europe, the SPI-12 is able to capture most of the key traits of TWSA that are relevant for drought studies, including the occurrence of dry extreme values. In the absence of actual TWS observations, the SPI-12 seems to represent a good proxy of long-term hydrological drought over Europe, whereas the wide range of meteorological conditions and complex hydrological processes involved in the transformation of precipitation into TWS seems to limit the possibility of extending this result to the global scale.

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