Liberalism in the Post-liberal Epoch

2021 ◽  
Vol 35.5 ◽  
pp. 169-180
Author(s):  
Boris I. Makarenko
Keyword(s):  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Order Type ◽  
Limited Growth ◽  
Main Concept ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Forces

The main concept of the article consists in the idea that the crisis is faced not by liberalism as ideology, but by liberal democracy as social order type based on the consensus of mainstream political forces. The author analyzes the causes of the said crisis, the nature of the challenge to liberal democracy and the main features of non-liberal populist political forces. He comes to the conclusion that serious erosion of liberal democracy in the Western countries is under way, still the social order survives. The reason for that lies both in the ingrained liberal values and institutes, and in the failure of the non-liberal populist forces to offer an alternative development project, and thus the limited growth of their influence. In the long run the crisis overcoming depends on the ability of the West to solve fundamental economic problems that can be viewed as the initial cause of the crisis in politics.

The World Is Not Enough: A Political Dark Ecology

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Main Concept ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
The Social ◽  
Space Action ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dark Ecology

Timothy Morton’s dark ecology is positioned as an aesthetic and ethical study which is far removed from political theory. Although Morton touches upon actual political crises connected with global warming and on climate change skepticism and also deploys such fundamental concepts of political philosophy as territory, space, action and solidarity, he describes his approach as ontological rather than political. The author finds that dark ecology’s own foundations have been inherited from political theory. However, that does not make it inconsistent; on the contrary, under the right conditions it enables a different apprehension of both ecology and political philosophy. The author asks how politics would proceed in a world of uncertainty and proposes viewing Morton’s theory as a treatise on a political theory that addresses the problem of collective action. This is the main concept of any political philosophy out of which its description of the social order is constructed. Dark ecology denies any possibility of action by emphasizing uncertainty and the impossibility of predicting an action’s consequences, and this opens up new possibilities for conceptualizing action. It is precisely uncertainty that permits segregating action from the guilt that motivated Morton to divorce dark ecology from political philosophy. This is a narrative about the transformation of Morton the emancipator into a law-giver, about how political theory has evolved in parallel with the onset of the Anthropocene, about what will happen to the Leviathan in the age of global warming, and how to change the perception of the political from ontological categories to ethical ones.

НЕКОТОРЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ИЗУЧЕНИЮ И УРЕГУЛИРОВАНИЮ КОНФЛИКТОВ

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
N. D. Sorokina
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Order ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Pragmatic Turn ◽  
Agonistic Pluralism

The article is devoted to the analysis of some, including new, approaches to the study and settlement of conflicts. There are considered the following approaches: the pragmatic turn; the concept of agonistic pluralism; system analysis. The representatives of the pragmatic turn put forward the concept of «cities» as a means of settling conflicts and a mechanism for reaching compliance. The author believes, that it is not possible to resolve this kind of conflicts in the paradigm of a pragmatic turn, at least in the short term. The concept of agonistic pluralism offers its own way of resolving and settling conflicts. For this, antagonism with its insoluble contradictions is necessary to turn agonism. This transformation will mean treating the enemy not as an enemy, but as an opponent. Thus, it is possible to achieve a conflictual consensus. However, in reality, such a transformation is difficult to achieve because social contradictions are exacerbated. The systemic approach allows us to study conflicts from the perspective of improving or worsening the existing social order. The settlement of conflicts is possible in the Russian society. But it is necessary to achieve the consent of different political forces. The fundamental principles of the existence of the Russian state and society are the basis of this consent. The author calls the information war as external obstacles to achieving consensus, to which Russia is drawn; as internal — a strong social stratification, the social policy of the state, the lack of dialogue between different political forces.

Marxism, ‘Manufactured Uncertainty’ and Progressivism: A Response to Giddens

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Wetherly
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Radical Politics ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Social ◽  
Anthony Giddens ◽  
Related Series ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Post War

AbstractIn a series of writings in recent years, Anthony Giddens has pursued two broad interconnected themes: reflection on the future of radical politics in a world in which, it is claimed, received political ideologies of Right and Left are exhausted; and, analysis of the character of what Giddens calls ‘second-phase’ modernisation. The connection between the two themes is straightforward: it is because the world has changed in profound ways that radical politics cannot be continued in the old way. Both of these themes are analysed at length in Beyond Left and Right. In this work, Giddens describes a long-run shift in our relationship to social and technological change manifest in the advance of ‘manufactured uncertainty’ or risk. This has been accelerated by a (more recent) shift from ‘simple’ to 'reflexive’ (or ‘second-phase’) modernisation which is a compound of a related series of developments during the post-war period – the ‘social revolutions of our time’ (globalisation and the rise of a posttraditional reflexive social order).

The Coming Meltdown of Traditional Capitalism

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 63-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Heilbroner
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Social Order ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Traditional Form ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Historical Movement ◽  
Power And Authority

Heilbroner challenges the concept that capitalism is purely an economic system and asserts it is rather a regime informed by social and political forces. The relentless pursuit of capital is the process by which the social order manifests its historical vigor. Within the regime of capitalism two realms of power and authority, the state and the economy, exist in a dialectic marked, in normal circumstances, by the concession of the incomparably more powerful state to the current interest of capital. However, the rise of international capitalism has changed this dynamic. Heilbroner describes this historical movement and ponders what capitalism will look like after its traditional form gives way.

НЕКОТОРЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ИЗУЧЕНИЮ И УРЕГУЛИРОВАНИЮ КОНФЛИКТОВ

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
N. D. Sorokina
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Order ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Pragmatic Turn ◽  
Agonistic Pluralism

The article is devoted to the analysis of some, including new, approaches to the study and settlement of conflicts. There are considered the following approaches: the pragmatic turn; the concept of agonistic pluralism; system analysis. The representatives of the pragmatic turn put forward the concept of «cities» as a means of settling conflicts and a mechanism for reaching compliance. The author believes, that it is not possible to resolve this kind of conflicts in the paradigm of a pragmatic turn, at least in the short term. The concept of agonistic pluralism offers its own way of resolving and settling conflicts. For this, antagonism with its insoluble contradictions is necessary to turn agonism. This transformation will mean treating the enemy not as an enemy, but as an opponent. Thus, it is possible to achieve a conflictual consensus. However, in reality, such a transformation is difficult to achieve because social contradictions are exacerbated. The systemic approach allows us to study conflicts from the perspective of improving or worsening the existing social order. The settlement of conflicts is possible in the Russian society. But it is necessary to achieve the consent of different political forces. The fundamental principles of the existence of the Russian state and society are the basis of this consent. The author calls the information war as external obstacles to achieving consensus, to which Russia is drawn; as internal — a strong social stratification, the social policy of the state, the lack of dialogue between different political forces.

Social Cohesion Strengthens Social Ties among University Students in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
Khairol Anuar Kamri ◽  
Aizathul Hani Abd Hamid ◽  
Ummi Munirah Syuhada Mohamad Zan ◽  
Azlina Abdullah ◽  
Faridah Jalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Social History ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
Study Finding ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Main Concept ◽  
The Social

The pattern of ethnic relations and religion among university students is always the focus of understanding Malaysian unity and ethnic relation. This study explores the study of unity by recalling the concept of solidarity put forward by Durkheim. Unity as the main concept needs to be reinterpreted by studying the social realities and social history in Malaysia. Unity happens in the long life of harmony since the 1969 ethnic riots until now, but Malaysia still faces social tensions and fights between ethnic and religious in society. Unity is still considered fragile and just a dream. The concept of social cohesion is expressed as a social phenomenon that needs to be studied as the atmosphere is harmonious but colored with social tension. The multi-culture of Malaysian come from its relationship with east civilization before pre-colonial and the British colonization. The differences between ethnicity and religion in social order cause tension and conflict among the groups. Yet development in the last four decades has changed the social landscape where multi-ethnic societies have turned into a socially diverse society. University students are targeted as respondents in understanding the concepts and patterns of social cohesion among them. Studies show that social cohesion among students is developed. The dimension and item analysis show that there are ethnic and religious differences, but the differences are relatively small. It is suggested that follow-up studies in identifying the form and understanding of the relationship of social cohesion on campus should be conducted through qualitative and ethnographic research design in obtaining data to strengthen ethnic relations in the university. Input from this follow-up study finding will strengthen social cohesion among students that can help governance and university development is well managed by identifying the social gap.

Social transmission bias and the cultural evolution of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hirshleifer ◽  
Siew Hong Teoh
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Social Transmission ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Economic Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Over Time

AbstractEvolved dispositions influence, but do not determine, how people think about economic problems. The evolutionary cognitive approach offers important insights but underweights the social transmission of ideas as a level of explanation. The need for asocialexplanation for the evolution of economic attitudes is evidenced, for example, by immense variations in folk-economic beliefs over time and across individuals.

The Social Order Yields to Functional Analysis

1958 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 158-160
Author(s):  
LAWRENCE SCHLESINGER
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Social Order ◽  
The Social

Sex and the Social Order.

1946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgene H. Seward
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
The Social

George Hoggart Toulmin: politics and geology

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-481
Author(s):  
ROY PORTER
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Great Distance ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Christian View ◽  
The Social ◽  
French Enlightenment ◽  
Political Conservatism ◽  
History Of

The physician George Hoggart Toulmin (1754–1817) propounded his theory of the Earth in a number of works beginning with The antiquity and duration of the world (1780) and ending with his The eternity of the universe (1789). It bore many resemblances to James Hutton's "Theory of the Earth" (1788) in stressing the uniformity of Nature, the gradual destruction and recreation of the continents and the unfathomable age of the Earth. In Toulmin's view, the progress of the proper theory of the Earth and of political advancement were inseparable from each other. For he analysed the commonly accepted geological ideas of his day (which postulated that the Earth had been created at no great distance of time by God; that God had intervened in Earth history on occasions like the Deluge to punish man; and that all Nature had been fabricated by God to serve man) and argued they were symptomatic of a society trapped in ignorance and superstition, and held down by priestcraft and political tyranny. In this respect he shared the outlook of the more radical figures of the French Enlightenment such as Helvétius and the Baron d'Holbach. He believed that the advance of freedom and knowledge would bring about improved understanding of the history and nature of the Earth, as a consequence of which Man would better understand the terms of his own existence, and learn to live in peace, harmony and civilization. Yet Toulmin's hopes were tempered by his naturalistic view of the history of the Earth and of Man. For Time destroyed everything — continents and civilizations. The fundamental law of things was cyclicality not progress. This latent political conservatism and pessimism became explicit in Toulmin's volume of verse, Illustration of affection, published posthumously in 1819. In those poems he signalled his disapproval of the French Revolution and of Napoleonic imperialism. He now argued that all was for the best in the social order, and he abandoned his own earlier atheistic religious radicalism, now subscribing to a more Christian view of God. Toulmin's earlier geological views had run into considerable opposition from orthodox religious elements. They were largely ignored by the geological community in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century Britain, but were revived and reprinted by lower class radicals such as Richard Carlile. This paper is to be published in the American journal, The Journal for the History of Ideas in 1978 (in press).

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