scholarly journals LIBERALISASI JASA DISTRIBUSI, MASUKNYA MODAL ASING DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN MODAL DOMESTIK INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-183
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fawaiq
Keyword(s):  
Direct Investment ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Distribution Services ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Causality Relationship

The aims of this study are to determine the level of liberalization of the services sector and to analyze a causal relationship between Foreign Direct Investment/FDI (as a result of the liberalization of the distribution service) and Domestic Investment/DI in the sector. The method used in this research are descriptive analysis and Panel-VECM-Granger. The results showed that the degree of liberalization of distribution services, especially related to FEP has not met the target of liberalization of MEA 2015. Hypothesis testing results show that there is a unidirectional Granger-Causality relationship in short-term and long-term between FDI and DI. That relationship is FDI strongly influencing DI in the Indonesian distribution services sector. ECT value of the independent variable of FDI is -1.0, which means that the speed of change in the value of DI that caused by the changes of FDI to achieve a equilibrium is 100 percent per year. Thus it is known that the entry of FDI encourage domestic investment activity in the Indonesian distribution services sector. The results of this study need to be considered in terms of improvement FEP in the distribution services sector. FEP improvement policy will encourage the entry of FDI and indirectly encourages DI.

scholarly journals Macroeconomic Variables and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows in Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saliha Meftah ◽  
Abdelkader Nassour
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Vector Error ◽  
Causality Relationship

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an essential factor in the development of a country. This study aims to examine what factors influence foreign direct investment. By using the vector error correction model, the research shows that there is a long-term causality relationship between exchange rates and inflation with FDI. However, in the short term, there are no variables that affect FDI. Besides, the Granger causality test shows causality in the direction of GDP and FDI, while other variables do not have causality. This research has implications for policymakers to pay attention to macroeconomic variables in increasing the flow of foreign direct investment.

scholarly journals DETERMINAN ALIRAN FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT DI INDONESIA (PENDEKATAN MODEL DUNNING)

Media Trend ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Claudia TeziaJanuarita Putri ◽  
Regina Niken Wilantari
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Capital Inflow ◽  
Economic Shocks ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Economic Openness ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Investment Opportunities

<p><em>Traffic capital across countries is one of  investment opportunities from domestic and abroad to stimulate the economic growth  of developing countries</em><em>. Compared to other forms of capital, Foreign Direct Investment is the flow of capital is long-term and relatively not as vulnerable to economic shocks. The aim of this study is to see the performance of FDI movement as a capital inflow in Indonesia and to explores whether factors that affect FDI using Dunning’s ecletic model. </em><em>This study focused on two basic analysis, descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis using the Error Correction Model (ECM). </em><em>The results of short-term ECM estimate shows that FDI is influenced by inflation and the degree of economic openness. Furthermore, the result in the long term ECM estimate show that only variable that infrastructure does not significantly affect the movement of FDI in Indonesia. </em></p>

scholarly journals Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Domestic Investment in Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 256-266
Author(s):  
A. Mamatkulov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Total Investment ◽  
The Impact

Author analyzes the impact of foreign direct investment on domestic investment in host developing countries and checks whether a foreign direct investment has a “positive” or “negative” impact on domestic investment, as well as evaluating the impact of selected variables on this relationship. Using a full sample, the main conclusion of this study is that FDI does have a positive (crowding out) effect on domestic investment in this sample of developing economies. In the short term, an increase in FDI by one percentage point as a percentage of GDP leads to an increase in total investment as a percentage of the host country’s GDP of about 10.7%, while in the long term this effect is about 31% dollar terms, one US dollar represents us 1.7$ of total investment in the short term and us 3.1$ in the long term. Based on the results of this study, it was once again proved that inflation hinders domestic investment in host countries by 0.04% and 0.12% in the short and long term, respectively.

scholarly journals The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Gross Domestic Product in Iraq During the Period (2006 - 2015)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 382
Author(s):  
Shivan H. Ali ◽  
Shivan A. Jameel
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Impact

The paper aims at examining the impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Gross Domestic Product in Iraq over the period 2006-2015. Data have been collected from the World Bank database. For the purpose of analyzing data, the study applied Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Net Inflows as an independent variable while Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as a proxy for economic growth as a dependent variable. The results of the study found that all of the variables under study are non-stationary at the level while stationary at first differenced by utilizing unit-root tests (ADF). The findings of Johansen Test for Co-integration showed that there is no long-term relationship among variables. Other findings of the paper revealed that, in short term, it is concluded that FDI Granger-Causes GDP and there is a short-run causality running from FDI to GDP. The research recommended that Iraq has to pay more attention to improve the level of education sectors and financial sector and to empower human capital. It also has to decrease lending rate, transportation and instability terms of political and economic environment as well as to improve liberalized market environment.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA CONSUMPTION ABROAD (MODA 2) DENGAN COMMERCIAL PRESENCE (MODA 3) DI SEKTOR JASA PARIWISATA INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-62
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fawaiq
Keyword(s):  
Vector Error Correction Model ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Vector Error ◽  
Mode 2 ◽  
Variable Mode ◽  
Causality Relationship ◽  
Mode 3

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara Moda 2 dan Moda 3 dalam perdagangan internasional di sektor jasa pariwisata. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Panel Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) Granger. Data yang digunakan adalah data kedatangan wisatawan mancanegara dan Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) jasa hotel dan restoran tahun 1997-2014 di Bali, Jakarta, Kepulauan Riau dan Sumatera Utara. Daerah-daerah ini berkontribusi sebesar 81,26% dari total kedatangan wisatawan mancanegara di Indonesia dan 68% terhadap total FDI di jasa hotel dan restoran Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan kausalitas jangka pendek antara kedua variabel tetapi terdapat hubungan jangka panjang satu arah yaitu variabel Moda 3 dipengaruhi oleh variabel Moda 2. Hasil pengujian pada gabungan antara jangka panjang dan jangka pendek menujukkan bahwa variabel Moda 3 secara kuat dipengaruhi oleh variabel Moda 2. Dengan demikian diketahui bahwa semakin banyak jumlah wisatawan mancanegara yang datang ke Indonesia maka akan mendorong meningkatnya FDI di jasa hotel dan restoran, tetapi meningkatnya FDI di jasa tersebut tidak signifikan berpengaruh terhadap masuknya jumlah wisatawan mancanegara. This paper examines the relationship between Mode 2 and Mode 3 of international trade in tourism sector. The method used is the Panel Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) Granger. The data used in this study were the number of foreign tourist arrivals and the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in some hotels and restaurants during 1997-2014 in Bali, Jakarta, Riau Islands and Nort Sumatera.These regions contributed for 81.26% out of the total tourist arrivals in Indonesia and 68% of the total FDI in the services of hotels and restaurants Indonesia. The results using VECM Granger demonstrated that there was no short-term causality relationship between these two variables but they had a long-term causality relationship that the Moda 3 was affected by the variable mode 2. Test results on a combination of long-term and short-term showed that the variable mode 3 was strongly influenced by variable mode 2. Thus, it is known that the more foreign tourists coming to Indonesia, the more FDI we gained from the service of hotels and restaurants, but this increase does not significantly affect the number of foreign tourists.

scholarly journals Transdisciplinary AI Observatory—Retrospective Analyses and Future-Oriented Contradistinctions

Philosophies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Nadisha-Marie Aliman ◽  
Leon Kester ◽  
Roman Yampolskiy
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Safety Critical ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Ai Safety

In the last years, artificial intelligence (AI) safety gained international recognition in the light of heterogeneous safety-critical and ethical issues that risk overshadowing the broad beneficial impacts of AI. In this context, the implementation of AI observatory endeavors represents one key research direction. This paper motivates the need for an inherently transdisciplinary AI observatory approach integrating diverse retrospective and counterfactual views. We delineate aims and limitations while providing hands-on-advice utilizing concrete practical examples. Distinguishing between unintentionally and intentionally triggered AI risks with diverse socio-psycho-technological impacts, we exemplify a retrospective descriptive analysis followed by a retrospective counterfactual risk analysis. Building on these AI observatory tools, we present near-term transdisciplinary guidelines for AI safety. As further contribution, we discuss differentiated and tailored long-term directions through the lens of two disparate modern AI safety paradigms. For simplicity, we refer to these two different paradigms with the terms artificial stupidity (AS) and eternal creativity (EC) respectively. While both AS and EC acknowledge the need for a hybrid cognitive-affective approach to AI safety and overlap with regard to many short-term considerations, they differ fundamentally in the nature of multiple envisaged long-term solution patterns. By compiling relevant underlying contradistinctions, we aim to provide future-oriented incentives for constructive dialectics in practical and theoretical AI safety research.

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESMENT OUTFLOWS AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION: HIDDEN COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS FOR TURKEY

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 165-182
Author(s):  
Ahmet Emrah TAYYAR
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Causality Relationship ◽  
Cointegration Relationship

The relationship between foreign direct investment, which is a type of cross-border and long-term investment, and environmental quality is a current issue that is heavily debated. Foreign direct invesments can ensure economic growth and development of countries, while also causing a change in environmental quality. In the research conducted, it is seen that changes in carbon dioxide emissions with foreign direct capital inflows are mainly investigated from the point of view of the host countries. However, foreign direct invesment outflows may have an impact on the environmental quality of the home country. Because foreign direct invesment outflows can enable the transfer of more environmentally friendly techonogies to the country and strengthen management skills. The impact of foreign direct investment outflows on the home country's environmental pollution is shaped by many factors (scale, technique, and composition effects). In addition to these effects, it is necessary to pay attention to the regional and sectoral distribution of capital outflows. The main aim of this study is to examine the links between Turkey's foreign direct invesment outflows and carbon dioxide emissions for the period 1990-2018. For this reason, a unit root test was applied to variables whose natural logarithm was taken. Tests showed that all series are stable of the same degree. Engle&Granger(1987) and Granger&Yoon(2002) tests were used to determine the cointegration relationship between variables. The crouching error correction model(CECM) was applied to determine the causality relationship. According to the results of the analysis; i) In terms of the Engle&Granger(1987) test, there was no long-term relationship between variables. ii) According to the Granger&Yoon(2002) test, it was determined that there is a bidirectional hidden cointegration relationship between the positive shocks of carbon dioxide emissions and negative shocks of foreign direct invesment outflows. iii) There is a bidirectional asymmetric causality relationship between the positive shocks of carbon dioxide emissions and the negative shocks of foreign direct invesment outflows. iv) It is observed that 1% negative shocks in foreign direct invesment outflows reduce positive shocks in carbon dioxide emissions by 0,26%. As a result, since negative situations in foreign direct invesment outflows have an effect on improving the quality of the environment, the environmental dimension should be taken into account in the policies to be made.

scholarly journals Foreign Direct Investment Led Growth Hypothesis and Economic Development in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-393
Author(s):  
Ubong Edem Effiong ◽  
Nora Francis Inyang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Bounds Test ◽  
Growth Hypothesis

This study was an inquiry into the nexus of the foreign-direct investment (FDI) led growth hypothesis, and how it translates into the development of the Nigerian economy as of 1970 – 2018. The study utilized secondary data from the ‘World Development Indicators’ which were analysed using the Bounds test for cointegration and the ‘autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to divulge both the short-term cum the long-term influence of foreign direct investment net inflow on ‘economic development’ of Nigeria. The Bounds test was conducted after the unit root test revealed that the variables were stationary at mixed order of level and first difference. The outcome of the ARDL Bounds test supported confirmation of long-term association among the variables. The ARDL short-run error correction showed that 14.62% of the instability in the model was corrected yearly. In the short-term, it was discovered that FDI wielded a deleterious and substantial weight on ‘economic development of Nigeria. Meanwhile, the long-term estimates indicated that FDI influenced economic development positively, though not in a significant manner. The Granger causality test supported the fact that FDI causes ‘economic development’ in Nigeria. Given this potential of FDI exerting a positive effect on ‘economic development’, the paper recommended that bottlenecks inherent in FDI influxes in the country should be removed so as to reap the fullest benefits of such inflows in Nigeria.

scholarly journals INVEST ASI, EKSPOR DAN MASALAH DE-INDUSTRIALISASI DI INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Anton Agus Setyawan ◽  
Fatchurrohman Fatchurrohman
Keyword(s):  
Direct Investment ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Investment Rate ◽  
The Ideal

There are two constraints in the process of economic recovery in Indonesia. First, investment rate is decreasing in the last five years. This matter happens due to the bad investment climate in Indonesia. Second, slow growth of export rate in Indonesia. At the present, investment rate in Indonesia is only 22 percent of GDP, while the ideal rate is 30 percent of GDP. Another problem, which may be interrupting the economic recovery, is de-industrialization. The sign of de-industrialization occur by relocation phenomena of FDIfrom Indonesia. This research analyze the effects of direct investment and export to GDP. The tool of analyses of this research is econometric model known as Error Correc­tion Models. The results shows that in a long term and short term, export and direct investment do not have a significant effect to GDP. It shows that Indonesia do not have a clear policy about export and investment. The policy implications of this research are government should have a deregulation policy in the industry and recover investment climate.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PARTISIPASI MANAJER TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Ikromi Abd Ghani HSB ◽  
Dovi Septiari
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Accounting Information System ◽  
Independent Variable

The development of the business environment in globalization era has been triggered an increasingly tight business competition. Every companies who have an established its own strategies to manage a variety of information, human resources, allocation of funds and others. Accounting information system is a great resources that very valuable to an organization for the smoothness management of the company’s financial and decision making wheter it is to long term and short term, however there are several aspect that can be a factors the effectiveness of the accounting information system, that is manager’s participation. The research is aimed to proves that manager’s participation and manager’s involvement had a positive influence on the effectiveness of accounting information system (AIS) at manufacturing company, especially in the industrial zone Batamindo Mukakuning Batam City. The research method is using regression analysis to proves are the manager’s participation (independent variable) and manager’s involvement (independent variable) gives effect to the effectiveness of information system (dependent variable) or not. The result of this research is shows that variable of manager’s participation and manager’s involvement has a significant influence to the effectiveness of information system. The method is using purposive sampling is done by taking a sampling of the population according to certain criteria.

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