scholarly journals The Phenomenon Of Emiliania Huxleyi In Aspects Of Global Climate And The Ecology Of The World Ocean

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Pozdnyakov ◽  
Natalia V. Gnatiuk ◽  
Richard Davy ◽  
Leonid P. Bobylev
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Emiliania Huxleyi ◽  
Carbon Cycles ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
Ocean Carbon

Emiliania huxleyi (Lohmann) evolved from the genus Gephyrocapsa Kamptner (Prymneosiophyceae) of the coccolithophore family Naёlaerhadaceae. Over the past 100 thousand years E. huxleyi has acquired the status of the most ecologically predominant coccolithophore due to its remarkable adaptability to a variety of environmental conditions and interspecific competitiveness. E. huxleyi plays an important role in both the marine carbon system and carbon cycling between the atmosphere and ocean due to its ability to produce organic and inorganic carbon as well as to form massive blooms throughout the world ocean. This study examines both older information and recent findings to shed light on the current tendencies in the two-way interactions between E. huxleyi blooms and the immediate and global environment under conditions of climate change. The assembled knowledge has emerged from laboratory and mesocosm instrumental investigations, retrievals of satellite remote sensing data, machine learning/statistical analyses, and numerical simulations. Special attention is given to both the quantitative data reported over the last two decades on such interactions, and the only very recently appearing mid-term projections of E. huxleyi bloom dynamics across the world ocean. These blooms strongly affect the atmosphere and ocean carbon cycles. They reduce CO2 fluxes from by ~50% to ~150% as is documented for the North Atlantic, and on the global scale release particulate inorganic carbon as calcium calcite in the amounts assessed at 0.4 to 4.8 PgC/yr. At the same time, they are also sensitive to the atmospheric and oceanic state. This results in E. huxleyi blooms having an increased impact on the environment in response to ongoing global warming.

Danian Mollusks from the Prince Creek Formation, Northern Alaska, and Implications for Arctic Ocean Paleogeography

1993 ◽  
Vol 67 (S35) ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louie Marincovich
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Molluscan Fauna ◽  
Endemic Genera ◽  
Northern Alaska

The marine molluscan fauna of the Prince Creek Formation near Ocean Point, northern Alaska, is of Danian age. It is the only diverse and abundant Danian molluscan fauna known from the Arctic Ocean realm, and is the first evidence for an indigenous Paleocene shallow-water biota within a discrete Arctic Ocean Basin faunal province.A high percentage of endemic species, and two endemic genera, emphasize the degree to which the Arctic Ocean was geographically isolated from the world ocean during the earliest Tertiary. Many of the well-preserved Ocean Point mollusks, however, also occur in Danian faunas of the North American Western Interior, the Canadian Arctic Islands, Svalbard, and northwestern Europe, and are the basis for relating this Arctic Ocean fauna to that of the Danian world ocean.The Arctic Ocean was a Danian refugium for some genera that became extinct elsewhere during the Jurassic and Cretaceous. At the same time, this nearly landlocked ocean fostered the evolution of new taxa that later in the Paleogene migrated into the world ocean by way of the northeastern Atlantic. The first Cenozoic occurrences are reported for the bivalves Integricardium (Integricardium), Oxytoma (Hypoxytoma), Placunopsis, Tancredia (Tancredia), and Tellinimera, and the oldest Cenozoic records given for the bivalves Gari (Garum), Neilo, and Yoldia (Cnesterium). Among the 25 species in the molluscan fauna are four new gastropod species, Amauropsis fetteri, Ellipsoscapha sohli, Mathilda (Fimbriatella) amundseni, and Polinices (Euspira) repenningi, two new bivalve genera, Arcticlam and Mytilon, and 15 new bivalve species, Arcticlam nanseni, Corbula (Caryocorbula) betsyae, Crenella kannoi, Cyrtodaria katieae, Gari (Garum) brouwersae, Integricardium (Integricardium) keenae, Mytilon theresae, Neilo gryci, Nucula (Nucula) micheleae, Nuculana (Jupiteria) moriyai, Oxytoma (Hypoxytoma) hargrovei, Placunopsis rothi, Tancredia (Tancredia) slavichi, Tellinimera kauffmani, and Yoldia (Cnesterium) gladenkovi.

scholarly journals Enhanced ocean carbon storage from anaerobic alkalinity generation in coastal sediments

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Thomas ◽  
L.-S. Schiettecatte ◽  
K. Suykens ◽  
Y. J. M. Koné ◽  
E. H. Shadwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Coastal Sediments ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Marginal Seas ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Ocean Carbon

Abstract. The coastal ocean is a crucial link between land, the open ocean and the atmosphere. The shallowness of the water column permits close interactions between the sedimentary, aquatic and atmospheric compartments, which otherwise are decoupled at long time scales (≅ 1000 yr) in the open oceans. Despite the prominent role of the coastal oceans in absorbing atmospheric CO2 and transferring it into the deep oceans via the continental shelf pump, the underlying mechanisms remain only partly understood. Evaluating observations from the North Sea, a NW European shelf sea, we provide evidence that anaerobic degradation of organic matter, fuelled from land and ocean, generates total alkalinity (AT) and increases the CO2 buffer capacity of seawater. At both the basin wide and annual scales anaerobic AT generation in the North Sea's tidal mud flat area irreversibly facilitates 7–10%, or taking into consideration benthic denitrification in the North Sea, 20–25% of the North Sea's overall CO2 uptake. At the global scale, anaerobic AT generation could be accountable for as much as 60% of the uptake of CO2 in shelf and marginal seas, making this process, the anaerobic pump, a key player in the biological carbon pump. Under future high CO2 conditions oceanic CO2 storage via the anaerobic pump may even gain further relevance because of stimulated ocean productivity.

scholarly journals A global algorithm for estimating Absolute Salinity

Ocean Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1123-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. McDougall ◽  
D. R. Jackett ◽  
F. J. Millero ◽  
R. Pawlowicz ◽  
P. M. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
The North ◽  
Salinity Anomaly ◽  
The World ◽  
Standard Composition ◽  
The Absolute

Abstract. The International Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater – 2010 has defined the thermodynamic properties of seawater in terms of a new salinity variable, Absolute Salinity, which takes into account the spatial variation of the composition of seawater. Absolute Salinity more accurately reflects the effects of the dissolved material in seawater on the thermodynamic properties (particularly density) than does Practical Salinity. When a seawater sample has standard composition (i.e. the ratios of the constituents of sea salt are the same as those of surface water of the North Atlantic), Practical Salinity can be used to accurately evaluate the thermodynamic properties of seawater. When seawater is not of standard composition, Practical Salinity alone is not sufficient and the Absolute Salinity Anomaly needs to be estimated; this anomaly is as large as 0.025 g kg−1 in the northernmost North Pacific. Here we provide an algorithm for estimating Absolute Salinity Anomaly for any location (x, y, p) in the world ocean. To develop this algorithm, we used the Absolute Salinity Anomaly that is found by comparing the density calculated from Practical Salinity to the density measured in the laboratory. These estimates of Absolute Salinity Anomaly however are limited to the number of available observations (namely 811). In order to provide a practical method that can be used at any location in the world ocean, we take advantage of approximate relationships between Absolute Salinity Anomaly and silicate concentrations (which are available globally).

scholarly journals Global Deliberative Democracy and Climate Change: Insights from World Wide Views on Global Warming in Australia

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Riedy ◽  
Jade Herriman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Climate Change Response ◽  
Deliberative System ◽  
The World ◽  
Change Response

On 26 September 2009, approximately 4,000 citizens in 38 countries participated in World Wide Views on Global Warming (WWViews). WWViews was an ambitious first attempt to convene a deliberative mini-public at a global scale, giving people from around the world an opportunity to deliberate on international climate policy and to make recommendations to the decision-makers meeting at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen (COP-15) in December 2009. In this paper, we examine the role that deliberative mini-publics can play in facilitating the emergence of a global deliberative system for climate change response. We pursue this intent through a reflective evaluation of the Australian component of the World Wide Views on Global Warming project (WWViews). Our evaluation of WWViews is mixed. The Australian event was delivered with integrity and feedback from Australian participants was almost universally positive. Globally, WWViews demonstrated that it is feasible to convene a global mini-public to deliberate on issues of global relevance, such as climate change. On the other hand, the contribution of WWViews towards the emergence of a global deliberative system for climate change response was limited and it achieved little influence on global climate change policy. We identify lessons for future global mini-publics, including the need to prioritise the quality of deliberation and provide flexibility to respond to cultural and political contexts in different parts of the world. Future global mini-publics may be more influential if they seek to represent discourse diversity in addition to demographic profiles, use designs that maximise the potential for transmission from public to empowered space, run over longer time periods to build momentum for change and experiment with ways of bringing global citizens together in a single process instead of discrete national events.

scholarly journals Non-Equilibrium Uranium as an Indicator of Global Climate Variations—The World Ocean and Large Lakes

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3514
Author(s):  
Igor Tokarev ◽  
Evgeny Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Normal Component ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
The World ◽  
Continental Runoff ◽  
Using Data ◽  
238U Ratio

In natural water, as a rule, there is a violation of radioactive equilibrium in the chain 238U … → 234U → 230Th →. Groundwater usually has a 234U/238U ratio in the range of 0.8–3.0 (by activity). However, in some regions, the 234U/238U ratio reaches >10 and up to 50. Ultrahigh excesses of 234U can be explained by climatic variations. During a cold period, minerals accumulate 234U as a normal component of the radioactive chain, and after the melting of permafrost, it is lost from the mineral lattice faster than 238U due to its higher geochemical mobility. This hypothesis was tested using data on the isotopic composition of uranium in the chemo- and bio-genic formations of the World Ocean and large lakes, which are reservoirs that accumulate continental runoff. The World Ocean has the most significant 234U enrichments in the polar and inland seas during periods of climatic warming in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. In the bottom sediments of Lake Baikal, the 234U/238U ratio also increases during warm periods and significantly exceeds the 234U excess of the World Ocean. Furthermore, the 234U/238U ratio in the water of Lake Baikal and its tributaries increases from north to south following a decrease in the area of the continuous permafrost and has a seasonal variation with a maximum 234U/238U ratio in summer. The behavior of 234U in large water reservoirs is consistent with the hypothesis about the decisive influence of permafrost degradation on the anomalies in 234U/238U ratios in groundwater.

scholarly journals Enhanced ocean carbon storage from anaerobic alkalinity generation in coastal sediments

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 3575-3591 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Thomas ◽  
L.-S. Schiettecatte ◽  
K. Suykens ◽  
Y. J. M. Koné ◽  
E. H. Shadwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Coastal Sediments ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Marginal Seas ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Ocean Carbon ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract. The coastal ocean constitutes the crucial link between land, the open ocean and the atmosphere. Furthermore, its shallow water column permits close interactions between the sedimentary and atmospheric compartments, which otherwise are decoupled at short time scales (<1000 yr) in the open oceans. Despite the prominent role of the coastal oceans in absorbing atmospheric CO2 and transferring it into the deep oceans via the continental shelf pump, the underlying mechanisms remain only partly understood. Evaluating observations from the North Sea, a NW European shelf sea, we provide evidence that anaerobic degradation of organic matter, fuelled from land and ocean, generates alkalinity (AT) and increases the CO2 buffer capacity of seawater. At both the basin wide and annual scales anaerobic AT generation in the North Sea's tidal mud flat area irreversibly facilitates 7–10%, or taking into consideration benthic denitrification in the North Sea, 20–25% of the North Sea's overall CO2 uptake. At the global scale, anaerobic AT generation could be accountable for as much as 60% of the uptake of CO2 in shelf and marginal seas, making this process, the anaerobic pump, a key player in the biological carbon pump. Under future high CO2 conditions oceanic CO2 storage via the anaerobic pump may even gain further relevance because of stimulated ocean productivity.

A new method of PWV retrieval over land with remote sensing data: a case of AMSR2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Jiang ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Tianhe Xu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Precipitable Water ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Brightness Temperatures ◽  
Climate Studies

&lt;p&gt;Precipitable water vapor (PWV) is an important parameter reflecting the amount of solid water in the atmosphere, which is widely utilized in the studies of numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate change. The microwave radiance measurements made by the space-based remote sensing satellites give us the opportunity to make the climate studies on a global scale. So far, PWV retrieval over the ocean has a long data record and the technology is very mature, but in the case of PWV retrieval over land, it is more challenging to isolate the atmospheric signals from the varied surface signals. In this study, we will apply a new retrieval method over land based on the dual-polarized difference (vertical and horizontal) at 19 GHz and 23 GHz using the brightness temperatures from the Global Change Observation Mission-Water (GCOM-W)/Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2). We found polarization difference in brightness temperatures has an exponential relation on the amount of PWV. The validation results of the PWV retrieval from the ground-based GNSS stations show that the proposed method has a mean accuracy of 3.9 mm. Thus, the proposed method can give a possibility to improve the accuracy of data assimilation in the NWP applications and is useful for the studies of global climate change with the long-term data records.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals The ‘end of the world’ vs. the ‘end of the month’: understanding social resistance to sustainability transition agendas, a lesson from the Yellow Vests in France

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Martin ◽  
Mine Islar
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Sustainability Transitions ◽  
Sustainability Transition ◽  
The World ◽  
End Of The World ◽  
Visual Materials ◽  
Economic Constraints

Abstract This paper investigates the Yellow Vests movement and the extent it constitutes an original platform for resistance to a sustainability transition agenda in the French context. The movement represents a disruption to global climate mitigation solutions that are often formalized at a global scale, and illustrates cultural and economic constraints in providing social justice in the age of climate change. Using a cultural performative approach, this case study reveals the relevance of framing and cultural analyses to understand such resistance. This qualitative exploration initiates a narrative analysis to assess how the universal resolve of the 2015 Paris Conference and the related legitimacy of the sustainability discourse has been further contested by the Yellow Vests and their fractured framing. From the ‘end of the world’ to the ‘end of the month’, we investigate the rise and fall of the legitimacy of the French sustainability discourse by analysing politicians’ and activists’ speeches, historical narratives as well as visual materials of resistance in France in the context of sustainability transitions. Tip of a broader social crisis, the movement reveals an original conflict of temporalities, symptomatic of the inevitable interdependency of socio-economic inequalities to sustainability transitions. Beyond the resistance itself, the Yellow Vests embody an original exemplar for the importance of cultural appropriation within the sustainability discourse’ legitimation processes.

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