scholarly journals Features of the national development of possibilities forensic diagnostics of the gunshot injuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Yuliia Zmiievska ◽  
Ivan Savka
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
National Development ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Gunshot Injuries ◽  
Spatial Reconstruction ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Forensic Scientists

This article shows the role and contribution of individual forensic scientists and famous forensic academies in the development of learning gunshot injuries. The article presents an analysis of the national literary sources concerning development of possibilities and methods of forensic diagnostics of the main traumatic factor of gunshot injuries. The role of up-to-date digital technologies, particularly the method of three-dimensional spatial reconstruction of the gunshot wounds, which can empower possibilities of forensic diagnostics of the main traumatic factor of gunshot injuries are shown. Aim of the work. To analyze the development of diagnostic methods of a kind of the main traumatic factor of gunshot injuries in forensic medicine, to find the up-to-date and most diagnostically valuable methods for further investigation and implementation into experts’ practical work. Conclusions. Analysis of national forensic experts’ studies shows that forensic medical examination of gunshot body wounds has always been of current interest and become more and more actual. In every period of forensic medicine development new instrumental and laboratory methods of examination of gunshot wounds have appeared. One of the most topical and promising methods are means of the three-dimensional spatial reconstruction. It can improve the possibilities of forensic medical diagnostics of a kind and characteristic of the main traumatic factor of gunshot wounds.

scholarly journals THREE-DIMENSIONAL SPATIAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE GUNSHOT INJURIES IN THE PRACTICE OF FORENSIC MEDICINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
V. T. Bachynskyy ◽  
Y. H. Zmiyevska ◽  
I. H. Savka
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Digital Models ◽  
Gunshot Injuries ◽  
Computer Technologies ◽  
Spatial Reconstruction

Abstract During the recent years the number of the wounded and killed due to firearms use both in Ukraine and in the majority of the world countries has increased. Therefore, examination of gunshot injuries is rather topical issue now in forensic medicine, and it is a considerable comprehensive question.Transience of incidences with the use of firearms in the majority of cases does not enable to find a real picture of circumstances when these incidences occur. Therefore, the issues of traumatic factor identification in these cases, especially with perforating and tangential injuries, are very important in forensic medicine, but remain elucidated insufficiently.At the same time, a dynamic development of up-to-date computer technologies enables to increase the level of visualization, forensic diagnostics of injuries and substantiation of expert conclusions in case of gunshot injuries. Purpose of the study. To study diagnostic possibilities of three-dimensional spatial reconstruction method for forensic identification of the main traumatic factor in case of gunshot injuries. Materials and methods. Ballistic plasticine and gel, fragments of pig skin with subcutaneous fat, fragments of biological tissues with gunshot injuries were used as the material for the study. The obtained experimental gunshot injuries (45 cases) and cases of injuries from the expert practice (30 cases) were subjected to photogrammetric with possibility to obtain a three-dimensional spatial model of every injury by means of the computer program Agisoft Photoscan. Results. The studies conducted differ from the existing ones by their novelty, higher inventive and scientific-practical level. Three-dimensional spatial digital models of the injured biological tissues and their imitators will be designed, examined and analyzed for the first time, and the diagnostic criteria for forensic identification of the main traumatic factor of gunshot body injuries will be developed. The obtained textured models of gunshot injuries in «Obj» format can be imported into the program 3dsMax, which enables to examine linear sizes of every fragment of a wound canal with higher accuracy (to 0,001 cm) in comparison with classical methods of examination.The results obtained while conducting the study enable not only to develop computer three-dimensional digital models of gunshot body injuries, but examine their character and morphologic peculiarities in forensic practice on an up-to-date scientific level. All the mentioned above enables to formulate and substantiate new, more accurate forensic diagnostic identification criteria of the main traumatic factor of gunshot body injuries. Conclusion. Introduction of up-to date computer technologies into the practice of forensic medicine will enable to determine identifying peculiarities of the main traumatic factor in case of gunshot injuries with a higher accuracy. Keywords: spatial reconstruction, 3D modelling, gunshot injuries, forensic medicine.

scholarly journals An “Animated Spatial Time Machine” in Co-Creation: Reconstructing History Using Gamification Integrated into 3D City Modelling, 4D Web and Transmedia Storytelling

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Mario Matthys ◽  
Laure De Cock ◽  
John Vermaut ◽  
Nico Van de Weghe ◽  
Philippe De Maeyer
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical Situation ◽  
Time Machine ◽  
Transmedia Storytelling ◽  
Spatial Reconstruction ◽  
3D Software ◽  
The City ◽  
City Models

More and more digital 3D city models might evolve into spatiotemporal instruments with time as the 4th dimension. For digitizing the current situation, 3D scanning and photography are suitable tools. The spatial future could be integrated using 3D drawings by public space designers and architects. The digital spatial reconstruction of lost historical environments is more complex, expensive and rarely done. Three-dimensional co-creative digital drawing with citizens’ collaboration could be a solution. In 2016, the City of Ghent (Belgium) launched the “3D city game Ghent” project with time as one of the topics, focusing on the reconstruction of disappeared environments. Ghent inhabitants modelled in open-source 3D software and added animated 3D gamification and Transmedia Storytelling, resulting in a 4D web environment and VR/AR/XR applications. This study analyses this low-cost interdisciplinary 3D co-creative process and offers a framework to enable other cities and municipalities to realise a parallel virtual universe (an animated digital twin bringing the past to life). The result of this co-creation is the start of an “Animated Spatial Time Machine” (AniSTMa), a term that was, to the best of our knowledge, never used before. This research ultimately introduces a conceptual 4D space–time diagram with a relation between the current physical situation and a growing number of 3D animated models over time.

scholarly journals ХИРУРГИЯ ЭКССУДАТИВНЫХ ПЕРИКАРДИТОВ

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Лигоненко А. В.
Keyword(s):  
Pericardial Effusion ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Clinical Progression ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Pericardial Cavity ◽  
Differential Approach ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Choice Of Treatment

In the article are presented modern approaches to diagnostics, etiological search and methods of surgical correction of pericardial effusion (PE) of different etiology. PE being the most common disease of the pericardium, often has a secondary nature. The overview of modern literature data is presented about terminology and classification of PE, the possibility of etiological search for the cause of effusion in the pericardial cavity, the main diagnostic methods, as well as the main tasks and methods of pericardial surgical interventions and its indications. Based on the analysis of literary sources, we can conclude that the consensus on the clinical and nosological structure, effectiveness and necessity of using various tests and interventions, clinical progression, epidemiology, prognosis and the reasons for the unsatisfactory results of treated PE is actually absent. Our analysis indicates the absence of a systematic and differential approach to choice of treatment tactics.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF 3D MODELLING IN FORENSIC MEDICINE: BIM-TECHNOLOGY AND 4D MODELLING

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
S. V. Leonov ◽  
Yu. P. Shakiryanova ◽  
P. V. Pinchuk
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Cad Modelling ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
Development Prospects

The present article provides an overview of the main methods of three-dimensional modelling currently used in various fields of science and practice, including forensic medicine. The possibilities of used methods are described.The authors introduce the concept of BIM-technology, which allows various methods working in 3D to be applied comprehensively: from photogrammetry and computed tomography to line-of-sight and CAD modelling. The article presents a case involving practical application of BIM-technology within the practical work of a forensic expert. The possibilities of supplementing and expanding the model over time within a single information field (4D modelling) are shown.Using the example of a specific examination, it is shown for which studies the created BIM-model can be employed, as well as what issues can be solved with its help. To that end, CT data was studied with the subsequent reconstruction of the 3D model of the damaged skull; blood traces were analysed with the subsequent 3D modelling of circumstances at the scene. The following methods were used for the reconstruction: photogrammetry, the finite element method and line-of-sight modelling of gunshot trajectories.Applied within a situational forensic medical examination, BIM-technologies successfully provided answers to the investigator’s questions: mechanism underlying the formation of blood traces; location of the bleeding source; trajectories of projectiles and their elements; circumstances of the occurrence; position of the shooter; prediction of glass breakage caused by a bullet.Conclusion. New computer technologies (BIM-technology and 4D modelling) constitute the next step in the development of three-dimensional modelling. Their introduction into the practice of experts will help create a single information field for all objects under study, as well as consider all possible investigative leads as objectively as possible

scholarly journals Gamma Radiation Imaging System via Variable and Time-Multiplexed Pinhole Arrays

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 3013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Schwarz ◽  
Amir Shemer ◽  
Yossef Danan ◽  
Rachel Bar-Shalom ◽  
Hemy Avraham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Planar Imaging ◽  
Gamma Imaging ◽  
Image Capturing

Biomedical planar imaging using gamma radiation is a very important screening tool for medical diagnostics. Since lens imaging is not available in gamma imaging, the current methods use lead collimator or pinhole techniques to perform imaging. However, due to ineffective utilization of the gamma radiation emitted from the patient’s body and the radioactive dose limit in patients, poor image signal to noise ratio (SNR) and long image capturing time are evident. Furthermore, the resolution is related to the pinhole diameter, thus there is a tradeoff between SNR and resolution. Our objectives are to reduce the radioactive dose given to the patient and to preserve or improve SNR, resolution and capturing time while incorporating three-dimensional capabilities in existing gamma imaging systems. The proposed imaging system is based on super-resolved time-multiplexing methods using both variable and moving pinhole arrays. Simulations were performed both in MATLAB and GEANT4, and gamma single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) experiments were conducted to support theory and simulations. The proposed method is able to reduce the radioactive dose and image capturing time and to improve SNR and resolution. The results and method enhance the gamma imaging capabilities that exist in current systems, while providing three-dimensional data on the object.

scholarly journals A Three-Dimensional Evaluation Model of National Fragility Based on Dynamic Weighting

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Qifan Yang ◽  
Xiaoyan Cao ◽  
Bingqian Liu ◽  
Yuanbiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
National Development ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Entropy Weight Method ◽  
Weight Method ◽  
Dynamic Weighting ◽  
Development Levels

Nowadays, climate change has become an increasingly important factor that influences the national development. In this paper, we propose the three-dimensional model based on dynamic weighting to measure national fragility, while taking into account a series of climatic factors like temperature, rainfall et al. Our model includes 20 indicators which can be divided into economic factors, social factors and environmental factors. We first divided all indicators into cost-type, benefit-type and moderate indicators, and normalized them based on different types of indicators. Then, combining modified entropy weight method and AHP, the weights of 20 indicators and three factors in the evaluation model are defined. In the three-dimensional evaluation model, we use the length of the evaluation curve to evaluate the national fragility and measure the balance of the three factors with the angle between the curve and the diagonal of the model. Moreover, since countries at different stages of development have different development focuses, we have developed an "S-type" function to dynamically measure the different emphasis on the degree of national fragility and the balance of the three evaluation factors. Then, we calculate the comprehensive fragility index by giving different weights for the degree of national fragility and the balance of the three factors. Finally, we use two different countries which are China and Sudan to verify the rationality of the model. The results show that our model can reasonably measure the fragility of countries in different development levels, which also proves its adaptability and practicability.

scholarly journals Tomographic particle image velocimetry of desert locust wakes: instantaneous volumes combine to reveal hidden vortex elements and rapid wake deformation

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (77) ◽  
pp. 3378-3386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Bomphrey ◽  
Per Henningsson ◽  
Dirk Michaelis ◽  
David Hollis
Keyword(s):  
Particle Image Velocimetry ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Particle Image ◽  
Aerodynamic Force ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flow Fields ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Tomographic Particle Image Velocimetry ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Aerodynamic structures generated by animals in flight are unstable and complex. Recent progress in quantitative flow visualization has advanced our understanding of animal aerodynamics, but measurements have hitherto been limited to flow velocities at a plane through the wake. We applied an emergent, high-speed, volumetric fluid imaging technique (tomographic particle image velocimetry) to examine segments of the wake of desert locusts, capturing fully three-dimensional instantaneous flow fields. We used those flow fields to characterize the aerodynamic footprint in unprecedented detail and revealed previously unseen wake elements that would have gone undetected by two-dimensional or stereo-imaging technology. Vortex iso-surface topographies show the spatio-temporal signature of aerodynamic force generation manifest in the wake of locusts, and expose the extent to which animal wakes can deform, potentially leading to unreliable calculations of lift and thrust when using conventional diagnostic methods. We discuss implications for experimental design and analysis as volumetric flow imaging becomes more widespread.

scholarly journals THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE XY CHROMOSOMAL PAIR IN HUMAN SPERMATOCYTES

1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Solari ◽  
Laura L. Tres
Keyword(s):  
Synaptonemal Complex ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Lateral Element ◽  
Spatial Reconstruction ◽  
Chromosomal Pair ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Short Core ◽  
Apparent Association

The spatial reconstruction of the XY pair of chromosomes from human spermatocytes has been made by the study of serial sections 1000 A in thickness. The sex pair during zygotene-pachytene forms a condensed mass of chromatin that has two filamentous, electron-opaque cores: the long and the short core. During early pachytene both cores have a common ending region, about 0.4–0.8 µ long. This common end is a synaptonemal complex, and each of the cores forms a lateral element of that complex. The cores become more convoluted during middle pachytene forming "ringlike bodies." Nucleoli from spermatocytes have three distinct regions: (a) granular; (b) dense fibrillar; and (c) clear intermediate. Occasional association of the XY pair and the heteropycnotic "basal knobs" results in apparent association of nucleoli and the sex pair in a minority of cells. The evidence presented is interpreted as a strong support of the hypothesis of homologous regions in the human XY pair.

Surgical Treatment of Gunshot Injuries to the Mandible

2003 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn D. Newlands ◽  
Sreedhar Samudrala ◽  
W. Kevin Katzenmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Reconstructive Procedures ◽  
Gunshot Injuries ◽  
Mandibular Injuries ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Tertiary Care Centers ◽  
Mandible Fractures ◽  
Very High

OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to review and identify risk factors for complications from treatment of mandible fractures due to gunshot wounds. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a retrospective review of treatment outcomes in 90 patients with gunshot wounds to the mandible treated over a 10-year period at 2 tertiary care centers. RESULTS: Our series of 90 patients with mandibular injuries due to gunshot wounds included 68 patients who underwent surgical procedures on the mandible. There were 14 complications in this group. Complications were more common in patients whose mandibles were rigidly fixated; however, these patients' injuries were more severe. Complications were significantly increased in patients who lost a segment of mandible in the injury. CONCLUSIONS: Complications were related to severity of injury and independent of treatment modality. SIGNIFICANCE: The complication rate for patients with gunshot injuries can be very high, particularly if bone is missing. Stabilization of remaining mandibular segments with potentially multiple subsequent reconstructive procedures is often required to restore mandibular continuity in these patients.

scholarly journals SIZE AND STRUCTURE OF SANITARY LOSSES IN WARS OF MODERN LOCAL ARMED CONFLICTS IN GUNSHOT INJURIES OF THE ABDOMEN WITH DAMAGE TO THE COLON

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
K. V. Gumeniuk ◽  
O. A. Lavrenchuk
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Gunshot Injuries ◽  
Size And Structure

The purpose of the study is to analyze the sources of domestic and world literature with the study of the magnitude and structure of sanitary losses in wars and modern local armed conflicts with gunshot wounds to the abdomen with damage to the colon. To investigate sanitary losses at gunshot wounds of a colon. Conclusions. Sanitary losses in wars of local armed conflicts with gunshot wounds to the abdomen with damage to the colon remain high worldwide, despite individual means of protecting the torso. In this regard, it is notable to further study the anatomical and clinical features of gunshot wounds of the colon in the experience of the antiterrorist operation in eastern Ukraine.

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