scholarly journals Women and Matrimony: A Study of Mona Lisa Smile

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-306
Author(s):  
Pei-Yu Chao ◽  
Ya-huei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Gender Consciousness ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Mona Lisa ◽  
Cost And Benefit Analysis ◽  
Bet Theory

This study intended to use the film Mona Lisa Smile (1993) as an example to examine how women in the traditional generation of 1950 were gender stereotyped and used to trade themselves off through marriage in consideration of a cost-and-benefit analysis. However, as the change of women’s gender consciousness from the conservative to the feminist in the USA of 1950, women began to realize their potential and subjectivity, hence questing for liberal spirit and autonomy to choose their career and husbands based on love. The researchers used the qualitative method, with both the primary and secondary data, to facilitate a latent-content analysis. After conducting a content analysis of the film and the script of Mona Lisa Smile, the researchers took notes regarding gender stereotyping and conventional gender norms in social interactions and conducted a literature review of Becker’s side bet theory and Homan’s social exchange theory to investigate how women in America in the 1950s were disciplined to meet the expectation of social norms to fit the notion of conventional matrimony, and how people, both men and women, while choosing their mates, seek the maximum interest and minimum cost. The film Mona Lisa Smile lets readers have a chance to see the transformation of a marital relationship from the old days to modern ones. With raised gender consciousness, women may now subject their choices to their own will and, hence, apply a different definition to the word “marriage.”

Engagement, inclusion, knowledge sharing, and talent development: is reverse mentoring a panacea to all? Findings from literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghamitra Chaudhuri ◽  
Sunyoung Park ◽  
Karen R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
English Summary ◽  
Exchange Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
The Usa

Purpose The purpose of this study is to systematically review the practice of reverse mentoring and draw a timeline of the research over the past two decades. Considering the novelty of this intervention, this paper proposed an agenda for future research on this burgeoning topic. Design/methodology/approach By adopting narrative literature review and Gregory and Denniss’ (2018) four-step process, this paper reviewed 54 studies grounded in conceptual, literature review and empirical research published between 1998 and 2020. Findings The articles included in the literature review on reverse mentoring research were summarized according to journal publications, research methodologies, contextual settings, theoretical framework, purpose and outcomes. Reverse mentoring studies are dominantly published in educational journals using primarily qualitative and conceptual approaches to explore both academic and business contexts within the USA and Europe. Theories frequently used to frame and examine the need of reverse mentoring included social exchange theory and leader-member exchange theory. The fundamental purpose of reverse mentoring research is to transfer knowledge and to bridge the technology divide between intergenerational groups. Reverse mentoring has been used to promote inclusivity between multiple generations in relation to gender, ethnicity and culture. Originality/value As per the knowledge, this is the first-ever comprehensive English summary of reverse mentoring research done in the past two decades. Findings from this research can be used to better understand reverse mentoring research trends and directions.

scholarly journals Examining Cross-Industry Collaboration in Sharing Economy Based On Social Exchange and Social Network Theories

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Cheng-Wen Lee ◽  
Hao-Yuan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Industry Collaboration ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
The Cost

Information technology and advanced online environments have reduced the cost of these exchange activities and triggered the emergence of the sharing economy. Con-sequently, public attitude toward the sharing economy has gradually shifted from re-luctance to acceptance. Moreover, the sharing economy has revolutionized the busi-ness models and viewpoints of conventional industries, and sharing service providers have gradually shifted from an independent to a collaborative stance, thereby affect-ing conventional economies. This study interprets the phenomenon of cross-industry collaboration in the sharing economy through social exchange and social network the-ories. A multiple-case research framework is used to examine tourism and service in-dustries. Secondary data of service providers and users on sharing platforms are ana-lyzed using content analysis, supplemented with a content analysis of the interview data of three hotel executives. The varying phenomena of the conventional and shar-ing economies on social exchange and social network were compared. Finally, this paper proposes conclusions and practical recommendations according to the analytical results. JEL classification numbers: D85, M31, L14. Keywords: Cross-Industry Collaboration, Sharing Economy, Social Exchange, Social Network.

Work harassment in the UK and US nursing context

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Farr-Wharton ◽  
Yvonne Brunetto ◽  
Mathew Xerri ◽  
Art Shriberg ◽  
Stefanie Newman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

AbstractThis paper examines one type of negative work behaviour, work harassment, using two theoretical frameworks: Social Exchange Theory (SET) and Similarity-Attraction (SA). SET explains work harassment as a product of poor management practices, whereas using SA theory explains it as a result of the growing normalisation of high workloads. The study undertakes latent mean and path model comparison analysis using structural equation modelling of data from 189 nurses in the UK and 401 nurses in the USA. The findings indicate a good model fit showing a significant path from Leader Member Exchange (LMX) to work harassment, wellbeing and subsequent turnover intentions, with LMX fully mediating the path from LMX to wellbeing for UK nurses, but only partially mediating the same path for nurses in the USA. The findings suggest SET provides a better explanation for work harassment for UK nurses, whereas SA theory better explains the US nurse experience.

Is restaurant crowdfunding immune to the COVID-19 pandemic?

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun (Yvonne) Yang ◽  
Yoon Koh
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Funding Success ◽  
New Perspective

Purpose In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic had a devastating impact on global health care and the economy. The restaurant industry has been especially hit hard by the statewide “stay-at-home” orders. To get back on track, many of these businesses need capital. A new and effective form of fundraising for business startups is crowdfunding (CF). However, there has been little research on the pandemic impact on CF. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the pandemic-related impact on restaurant CF. Design/methodology/approach This study extracted all 2,686 restaurant CF projects in the USA from the Kickstarter platform from April 2010 to January 2021. By conducting descriptive analyses and multiple logistic regression models, this study examined the pandemic impact on CF success. Findings This study finds that, while controlling the effects of other determinants, businesses in the midst of the pandemic are more likely to be successfully funded than businesses unaffected by the pandemic. Findings also reveal that restaurant startups lowered their funding goals and posted more updates/comments/pledge levels during the pandemic, which made projects more likely to be selected as a “Project We Love” and increased the odds of funding success. However, mentioning COVID-19-related information or locating projects in “red zones” are not found to have any significant direct or moderating impact on the funding success. Research limitations/implications This study pioneers the research topic restaurant CF and attempts to raise the research attention of small- and medium-sized enterprises and entrepreneurial financing. Using quantitative methods, it provides a new perspective on pandemic-impact research. Social exchange theory is extended to the context of reward-based CF under crisis. Finally, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first investigation of the possible moderating effect of project location on the relationship between restaurant CF characteristics and success. Practical implications The findings of this study suggest restaurateurs to be confident about the fundraising of their startup business through reward-based CF, even when located within so-called pandemic red zones, and perform appropriate communication strategies while using the reward-based CF. Originality/value This study is one of the earliest to examine the main and moderating effects of the pandemic-related factors on business CF in the hospitality realm. The findings are reference for researchers and restaurateurs on fundraising in a crisis context.

scholarly journals AMIR-HASSAN COMPLICATED RELATIONSHIP

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hertiana Ikasari
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Exchange Theory ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

The Kite Runner presents new idea and color, namely complexity of conflict toward friendship (characters) and other conflicts that happened in Afghanistan during colonization and post colonization era. There are relationships at the heart of The Kite Runner. The friendship between the two main characters, Amir and Hassan and the relationship between father and son are of importance in the novel. The first important relationship in the novel is the one between Amir and Hassan. This relationship is very complex. The objectives of the study are to analyze complicated relationship between Amir and Hassan on The Kite Runner novel and to analyze Socio-Psychological perceived on Amir and Hassan relationship The writer uses qualitative descriptive research. The writer uses the primary data and the secondary data. The primary data source is The Kite Runner novel as the object of the research. The secondary data were taken from books and journal articles supporting the analysis of Amir and Hassan relationship. The result shows that the factors influencing the relationship are similarity, reciprocity of liking and positive quality. The similarity between Amir and Hassan are on three things: family background, preference and complex problem. Based on J.W Thibaut and H.H Kelley’s social exchange theory, Amir and Hassan have good outcome, because it comes from the high rewards and low cost. Finally the value of Amir and Hassan’s relationship is the tied and interdependence relationship. It is represented by the formula: Outcome > CL > CL ALT it means: satisfactory, stable and interdependence.   Keywords: Relationship, Socio Psychology, Social Exchange Theory, Satisfactory, Stable

scholarly journals The Effects of Organisational Citizenship Behaviour on Penetration of of Risk Services in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ismail Ahmodu-Tijani ◽  
Zurina Adnan
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Exchange Theory ◽  
Scholarly Journal ◽  
Related Literature ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Future

The core objective of this paper is to examine the effect of organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) on penetration of risk services company in Nigeria. Therefore, there is a dire need to explore this issue in the future. However, this paper drive is on effects and significance of OCB on risk services company in Nigeria. Secondary data is adopted for the review, assessment of variables and concepts of related literature, sourced from institutional material, organisational behaviourist, and articles from scholarly journal. Furthermore, this study finds out that there is significant relationship between OCB and risk services company in Nigeria. It also reveals that citizenship behavioural effort is not limited to augment effectiveness of organisations but to enhance relationships among staffs, diligent to work and value to customers according to social exchange theory. OCB as a strategy will solve penetration issues in Risk services companies.

scholarly journals Cryptocurrency and the Nigerian Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-193
Author(s):  
Siyanbola T.T. ◽  
Audu S.I. ◽  
Adediran A.R. ◽  
Agbaje A.
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Inverse Effect ◽  
Simple Regression Model ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Financial Flow ◽  
Simple Regression

The development of cryptocurrency as a means of exchange without legal backing and invisibility of the identity of operators has posed peculiar challenges such as illicit financial flow and terrorism amongst others, to the country. This study, therefore, sought to examine the effect of cryptocurrency on the Nigerian economy. The study was hinged on social exchange theory. Secondary data were obtained from the CBN statistical bulletin and Global Financial Integrity Report for a period of six years from 2013 to 2018. The data were analyzed using a simple regression model. The result shows that R is 5.8% which means that there is a low positive relationship between cryptocurrency and the level of economic development in Nigeria. It further shows an adjusted R square of -24.6 which depicts that cryptocurrency has a low inverse effect on the level of economic development in Nigeria. In conclusion, the computed p-value of 0.913 which is higher than the set p-value of 0.05 shows that cryptocurrency does not have a significant effect on the level of economic development in Nigeria. Hence, it is recommended that, in order to sustain economic development from the activities of cryptocurrency in Nigeria, the Central Bank of Nigeria needs to ensure that laws and mechanisms are put in place to adequately capture the activities of cryptocurrency in the country.

Of Frames and Cultures - A Cross-Cultural Comparison of TV Newscasts

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Senokozlieva ◽  
Oliver Fischer ◽  
Gary Bente ◽  
Nicole Krämer
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Tv News ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. TV news are essentially cultural phenomena. Previous research suggests that the often-overlooked formal and implicit characteristics of newscasts may be systematically related to culture-specific characteristics. Investigating these characteristics by means of a frame-by-frame content analysis is identified as a particularly promising methodological approach. To examine the relationship between culture and selected formal characteristics of newscasts, we present an explorative study that compares material from the USA, the Arab world, and Germany. Results indicate that there are many significant differences, some of which are in line with expectations derived from cultural specifics. Specifically, we argue that the number of persons presented as well as the context in which they are presented can be interpreted as indicators of Individualism/Collectivism. The conclusions underline the validity of the chosen methodological approach, but also demonstrate the need for more comprehensive and theory-driven category schemes.

Effects of supervisor's developmental feedback on employee loyalty: A moderated mediation model

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Yun Guo ◽  
Guobao Xiong ◽  
Zeyu Zhang ◽  
Jianrong Tao ◽  
Chuanjun Deng
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Interactional Justice ◽  
Employee Loyalty ◽  
Employee Trust ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Developmental Feedback ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Supervisor Trust

We utilized social exchange theory to examine the effects that supervisor developmental feedback has on employee loyalty toward the supervisor. The 337 participants for our study were recruited from a large manufacturing enterprise in Hunan, China. Using hierarchical linear regression analysis, we found that supervisor developmental feedback was positively related to both trust in, and employee loyalty toward, the supervisor. Trust was not only positively associated with employee loyalty toward the supervisor but also partially mediated the relationship between supervisor developmental feedback and employee loyalty toward the supervisor. Further, interactional justice moderated the positive relationship between supervisor developmental feedback and employee trust of the supervisor, such that the strength of this relationship was enhanced as interactional justice increased. Managerial implications and directions for further research are discussed.

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