Problematika Seputar Kodifikasi Al-Qur'an

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-163
Author(s):  
Munawir Munawir
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Logical Consequence ◽  
Human Form ◽  
Cultural Products ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
The World ◽  
Valid Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Scholarship ◽  
True Structure

Historically, the bookkeeping of the Koran is not as complicated as the books of Hadith. But that does not mean that the codification process of the Qur'an is not interesting to learn. In this case, there are a number of questions that remain relevant to convey; Is the Qur'an still true today? What is the true structure of the Qur'an? Are there standard standards for Koran arrangements agreed upon by Muslims throughout the world? These questions about the codification of the Qur'an often arise, because in the course of the Qur'an, in its capacity as a book (a piece of paper) is bound where there are dictums in Arabic that Muslims consider to be revelations from God - the codification process is no longer normative, but very historical, because related to various types of discourses (social, political, etc.) that surround it. In this context, historical and analytic studies of the historical codification of the Qur'an need to be presented, and this paper was written to meet those needs. Through the study of history based on Muslim scholarship about the history of the Quranic codification from the time of the Prophet Saw. to standardization in the form of reading and writing, which was then supplemented with critical analysis based on Western scholarship, it found that standardization "writing" the Qur'an in rasm Uṡmānī cultural products, and therefore open and allow for tashih, criticism, or even revision with more valid data findings. This does not mean the desecration of the Qur'an, but as a logical consequence of the existence of rasm Uṡmānī as something which is a human form.

scholarly journals What Did Angola Learn from the World and What Did the World Learn from COVID-19? Reflection on Epidemiological Surveillance in Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-540
Author(s):  
Euclides Nenga Manuel Sacomboio
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Professional Experience ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Scientific Reflection ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The global community is racing to slow down and eventually stop the spread of COVID-19, which is a pandemic that has killed thousands of lives and made tens of thousands sick. The new coronavirus has already reached Angola, with 25 confirmed cases, among them 2 died and 6 were cured. The government has decreed a state of emergency on 24 March 2020 for 15 days, which was extended twice for the same number of days that will make it possible to reduce clusters of people and keep them at home. This study reflected on the diverse ways of leadership. It is an article of theoretical, technical and scientific reflection, based on the experience of a new epidemiological situation, with a critical analysis based on technical, scientific and professional experience, with bibliographic input of data obtained from information published in scientific articles, newspapers, magazines and other official documents published in Angola and worldwide related to COVID-19. This article emerged from critical thinking based on the current situation of COVID-19 in Angola in the world and is reflected in this article, what Angola should learn and learned from the experience of other countries that also imported the disease, their history of investment in health, characteristics of their populations, their economies and other aspects.

scholarly journals Racial sovereignty

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 39-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerem Nisancioglu
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
International Politics ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Constitutive Relationship ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

This article explores how International Relations (IR) might better conceptualise and analyse an underexplored but constitutive relationship between race and sovereignty. I begin with a critical analysis of the ‘orthodox account’ of sovereignty which, I argue, produces an analytical and historical separation of race and sovereignty by: (1) abstracting from histories of colonial dispossession; (2) treating racism as a resolved issue in IR. Against the orthodox account, I develop the idea of ‘racial sovereignty’ as a mode of analysis which can: (1) overcome the historical abstractions in the orthodox account; (2) disclose the ongoing significance of racism in international politics. I make this argument in three moves. Firstly, I present a history of the 17th century struggle between ‘settlers’ and ‘natives’ over the colonisation of Virginia. This history, I argue, discloses the centrality of dispossession and racialisation in the attendant attempts of English settlers to establish sovereignty in the Americas. Secondly, by engaging with criticisms of ‘recognition’ found in the anticolonial tradition, I argue that the Virginian experience is not simply of historical interest or localised importance but helps us better understand racism as ongoing and structural. I then demonstrate how contemporary assertions of sovereignty in the context of Brexit disclose a set of otherwise concealed colonial and racialised relations. I conclude with the claim that interrogations of racial sovereignty are not solely of historical interest but are of political significance for our understanding of the world today.

James Joyce and the Phenomenology of Film

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleo Hanaway-Oakley
Keyword(s):  
James Joyce ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
The Self ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Early Cinema ◽  
Charlie Chaplin ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

James Joyce and the Phenomenology of Film reappraises the lines of influence said to exist between Joyce’s writing and early cinema and provides an alternative to previous psychoanalytic readings of Joyce and film. Through a compelling combination of historical research and critical analysis, Cleo Hanaway-Oakley demonstrates that Joyce, early film-makers, and phenomenologists (Maurice Merleau-Ponty, in particular) share a common enterprise: all are concerned with showing, rather than explaining, the ‘inherence of the self in the world’. Instead of portraying an objective, neutral world, bereft of human input, Joyce, the film-makers, and the phenomenologists present embodied, conscious engagement with the environment and others: they are interested in the world-as-it-is-lived and transcend the seemingly rigid binaries of seer/seen, subject/object, absorptive/theatrical, and personal/impersonal. This book re-evaluates the history of body- and spectator-focused film theories, placing Merleau-Ponty at the centre of the discussion, and considers the ways in which Joyce may have encountered such theories. In a wealth of close analyses, Joyce’s fiction is read alongside the work of early film-makers such as Charlie Chaplin, Georges Méliès, and Mitchell and Kenyon, and in relation to the philosophical dimensions of early cinematic devices such as the Mutoscope, the stereoscope, and the panorama. By putting Joyce’s literary work—Ulysses above all—into dialogue with both early cinema and phenomenology, this book elucidates and enlivens literature, film, and philosophy.

On the Ends of the Network as a Zone of Friction (And Extraction)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-27
Author(s):  
Sudipto Basu
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
World Order ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Human Form ◽  
Surplus Value ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
General Intellect

In a world-order where planetary computational networks have restructured nearly all spheres of existence, what is not already networked lies in wait merely as standing-reserve. Today, it seems as if the network and the world are naturally interoperable. Thinking through Harun Farocki’s work on operational images, I however locate a zone of friction or incommensurability between the network and the world. Revisiting Norbert Wiener’s anti-aircraft predictor – a founding episode in the history of cybernetics – I show how this gap was bridged by a logic of (en)closures that reduced the living human form and the world to narrow operational ends; banishing the openness and indeterminacy of both life and nature into undesirable contingency. However, cybernetics’ relentless expansion into a universal episteme and planetary infrastructure since the Cold war necessarily floods the network with contingency; which it wards off by feeding on a disavowed living labor. I argue that this living labor is an uneasy reconciliation of mechanism and vitalism, which we may call habits. Drawing on the Marxian notion of general intellect, I posit how habits are key to generating network surplus value, and to cybernetic expansionism. Habits shape, prepare the outside for its subsumption into the network. Yet they are not given the status of productive activity, and consequently disavowed and vaporized by networks. I propose that this living labor be given a specific name – interfacing – and, following Georges Bataille’s critique of political economy, speculate on the reasons for its disavowal. Drawing on Bataille’s idea of the general in ‘general economy’ (that which is opposed to utilitarian or operational ends) and Hito Steyerl’s How Not to Be Seen, I try to imagine what an interface contiguous with the general intellect might be.

scholarly journals Declaration Of Understanding Radicalism To Islam (Critical Analysis of Islamic Religious Educational Materials in Response to Allegations of Understanding Radicalism to Muslims)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-415
Author(s):  
Lalu Gede Muhammad Zainuddin Atsani ◽  
Ulyan Nasri
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Logical Consequence ◽  
Negative Response ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Innocent People ◽  
The World ◽  
Strategic Role

The purpose of this study is to critically analyze or re-measure Islamic religious education materials in countering accusations of radicalism to Muslims. The term radicalism has become a familiar term attached to a group in Islam. Indicators to call groups in Islam radicalism to include terrorism, anarchists, rebels, and extremists. The research method uses a descriptive type of research. The results of this study are one of the causes of the trapping of elements in radicalism, namely a partial understanding of religion and tends to the nature of fanaticism. This trait then results in a sense of superiority over followers of other religions. Failing to understand the concept of jihad in religion makes someone take a shortcut by spreading terror to innocent people. the logical consequence of this interpretation is the juxtaposition of terrorism as the fruit of radicalism. This hypothesis is reasonable, considering that various terrorist activities in various parts of the world always act in the name of jihad carried out by Muslims as a form of obedience to God. This has led to various upheavals which, without realizing it, will not only have implications for the decline in national stability. However, it even sparked a negative response from various parts of the world. Therefore, it is necessary to have an inclusive understanding of religion so that religious adherents realize that plurality is a necessity. Seeing these problems, there needs to be a strengthening and reaffirmation of the originality of Islamic teachings that contain humanist pluralistic and tolerant values. The conclusion is that a very strategic role, in this case, is that Islamic religious education materials must be able to reconstruct relevant materials to counteract accusations of radicalism. It is at this point that the focus of the study in this article is trying to critically analyze or re-measure Islamic religious education materials that tend to be humanist-pluralist and tolerant to ward off accusations of radicalism in Islam.

scholarly journals ARABIC: WHY INDONESIANS HAVE TO LEARN IT?

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Letmiros Letmiros
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
International Language ◽  
Indonesian Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Official Languages ◽  
The Many

Arabic has many virtues. The first virtue of Arabic is that it is part of Islam. Then, Arabic as one of the old languages in the world has an amazing history of civilization. Furthermore, Arabic is an international language that has been used as one of the official languages of the United Nations since 1973. Because of these advantages, Arabic is interesting to be studied and researched by non-Arabs including by Indonesians. Arabic is studied, in addition to the purpose or because of the factors of Islam, also because of the factors of world life, for the demands of work or profession and so forth. Arabic is also one of the three old languages in the world that still exists and is used in various fields of life. The close relationship between Indonesia and Arab countries, which numbered 22 countries, also encouraged Arabic to be studied by the Indonesian population. Arabic is a part of a language that is easily learned by anyone including Indonesian people. The teaching of Arabic as a foreign language is intended so that one can master this language from various aspects: listening, speaking, reading and writing. For Indonesians, the many similarities between the Indonesian and Arabic systems both at the level of phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics will be enough to help them learn the language which includes Semito-Hamit field.

Janusz Kuczyński’s Philosophy of Universalism

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-57
Author(s):  
Michael H. Mitias ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Human Life ◽  
World Order ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

This paper is a critical analysis of the conditions under which a decent world order is possible, an order in which the different peoples of the world can thrive under the conditions of peace, cooperation, freedom, justice, and prosperity. This analysis is done from the standpoint of Janusz Kuczyński’s philosophy of universalism as a metaphilosophy. More than any other in the contemporary period, this philosophy has advanced a focused, systematic, and comprehensive analysis of these conditions on the basis of a universal vision of nature, human nature, and the meaning of human life and destiny. The paper is composed of three parts. The first part is devoted to a short overview of activism in the history of philosophy. The second part is devoted to an analysis of the main elements of universalism as a metaphilosophy, especially the theoretical conditions of establishing a decent world order. The third part is devoted to a discussion of the practical steps that should be taken to establish a decent world order.

Israelite State Formation and Early Monarchy in History and Biblical Historiography

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-108
Author(s):  
Walter Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Reliable Information ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
1 Kings

Six biblical books deal with the early monarchy in Israel. All of them show a mixture of fact and fiction. Most fictitious is the description in Chronicles, written about seven hundred years post festum. Judges is partly anti-monarchic and partly pro-monarchic, reflecting divergent positions within the deuteronomistic movement. Samuel contains the most factual presentation, but not without fictional elements. The most influential literary stratum in Samuel stems from a “court narrator” near the end of the eighth century bce. This narrator combined and enriched several older sources resulting in a multiperspectival picture of the early kingdom. The portrait of Solomon in 1 Kings fluctuates between admiration and critique. As for the actual history of the tenth century bce, portions of Samuel and Kings contain reliable information that can be used through critical analysis. The role of Saul may have been more important than depicted in the texts, and the rise of David less marvelous, his reign less glorious, and his realm less expansive. These observations are applicable to Solomon, as well. Nonetheless, these three kings laid the foundation for a period of nearly half a millennium of Israelite and Judahite statehood that was formative for the people and for the world of the Bible.

scholarly journals The son of man: “Is it constructive theology and history of Jesus for the New Testament writing?”

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
Halim Wiryadinata
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
High Priest ◽  
Constructive Theology ◽  
Son Of Man ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The World ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
History Of

Many scholars and lay people try to figure out the reasons why the Lord JesusChrist uses the title of the son of man to designate Himself. He uses the title ofthe son of man throughout the Gospels, but there are some incidents only appear outside of the Gospels. This appearance is impressing to find out the reasons why the term occurrences in the Gospel. However, the term also appears in few passages outside the Gospels. Therefore, using the method of critical analysis through the library research as the qualitative methodology in order to seek the development of the argument from beginning up today and to see how the New Testament scholars clear up the message of Jesus in using that title. Few scholars comment that term has significant for the Christological development of the New Testament due to the messianic proclamation as thesaviour of the world. Furthermore, the idea of representative between man andGod apparently introduces the idea of the high priest in the New Testamentwriting for Jesus’ Christology. This idea will bring the consumption for BiblicalTheology when scholars seek this terminology in the New Testament writing.

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