Menakar Konstitusionalitas Kebijakan Redistribusi Tanah untuk Lahan Pertanian dalam UU No. 19 Tahun 2013

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wildan Humaidi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
The Other ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Land Redistribution ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The People ◽  
Form Of Government

Land redistribution is government policy to implement Article 33 Paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution, where the people is the holders of authority over the earth, the water and the other natural resources of Indonesia. In fact, the land redistribution in Law No. 19 of 2013 about the Farmers Protection and Empowerment, specifically Article 59 which states "convenience for Farmers to obtain Agricultural land as referred to in Article 58 paragraph (3) point  a given in the form of leasing rights, concession permits, management permits, or utilization permits", considered to have violated the constitution. Through judicial review, the Court has issued Decision No. 87 / PUU-XI / 2013 and consider the phrase "leasing rights" to be contrary to the 1945 Constitution. This article attempts to elaborate two main problems; the form of government policy about land redistribution for agricultural land inthe  Law Number 19 of 2013 about  the Farmers Protection and Empowerment and the constitutionality of state land redistribution for agriculture in the Constitutional Court Decision No. 87 / PUU-XI / 2013.

scholarly journals Attaining Oil and Gas Sovereignty by Forming Indonesia Incorporate Businesses

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Yoga Partamayasa ◽  
Rafiqi Anjasmara
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Legal Reform ◽  
The State ◽  
High Income ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The People ◽  
Very High

<p>Oil and gas are non-renewable types of natural resources. On the other hand, in the current era human dependence on oil and gas is very high. To meet Indonesia's national needs for natural resources, Article 33 of the Indonesian Constitution has mandated that "the earth, water and natural resources contained therein be controlled by the state for the greatest prosperity of the people." But in its development the distribution of welfare over natural resources, especially oil and gas, has not been able to be well distributed in Indonesia. The "Jakarta Sentris" concept is still the basis for distributing natural resources, especially oil and gas. This makes regions that are rich in natural resources not necessarily have prosperous people and not necessarily high-income areas. Therefore, legal reform is needed in the field of oil and gas management by regions in Indonesia.</p>

scholarly journals Interpreting The State's Right to Control In the provisions of Article 33 Paragraph (3), The Constitution of 1945 Republic of Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Suparto Suparto
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Governing Body ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The People ◽  
The Right

Article 33 paragraph (3) of The Constitution Republic of Indonesia in 1945 stipulates that "Earth, water and natural resources contained therein controlled by the State and used for the people's welfare". Understanding of the earth (which is called land) according to the provisions of Article 1 paragraph (4) of Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Regulations on Basic Agrarian Issues is the surface of the earth and the body of the earth underneath it and which is under water. The meaning of the provisions of Article 33 paragraph (3) in The Constitution of 1945 is that the State as the highest power organization of all people (the nation) acts as the Governing Body. The right to control the State or be controlled by the State in this article does not mean "owned", but in the sense of giving authority to the State as the highest power organization of the Indonesian nation. The Constitutional Court elaborated State's Right to Control becomes 5 (five) authorities whose purpose is as much as possible for the prosperity of the people, including: (1). Formulate policy (beleid), (2). Make arrangements (regelendaad), (3). Carry out management (bestuurdaad), (4). Carry out management (beheerdaad), and (5). Supervise (toeichthoudensdaad). The earth, water and natural resources contained in the earth are the main points of people's prosperity, therefore they must be controlled by the State and used for the greatest prosperity of the people.

scholarly journals Dissenting Opinion dan Concurring Opinion dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-324
Author(s):  
Haidar Adam
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
The Other ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Difference

Abstract: This article discusses about dissenting opinion and concurring opinion in the decision of the Constitutional Court. Law enforcement can be done through the Constitutional Court in the form of law judicial review. The issue of dissenting opinion is regulated through Law No. 24 Year 2003 and Constitutional Court Regulation No. 6 of PMK Year 2005 concerning Procedural Law of Tests of Act. The phrase used in the Constitutional Court Law is “the different opinion of the judiciary members". The different opinion, according to Jimly, is divided into two namely dissenting opinion and concurrent opinion. A verdict is considered concurring if there is an argument by a member of the panel of judges that is different from that of the other members of the judiciary but it does not affect the difference of the decision. On the other hand, a decision is said to be dissenting if the opinion of a member of the panel of judges is different from that of the majority of the other members of the panel of judges and the difference is not merely in the case of reasoning but to touching on the verdict. Keywords: Dissenting opinion, concurring opinion, the court constitution’s decision. Abstrak: Penegakan hukum dapat dilakukan melalui pengadilan oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam bentuk pengujian terhadap undang-undang. Masalah dissenting opinion diatur melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2003 dan Peraturan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 6 PMK Tahun 2005 tentang Hukum Acara Pengujian Undang Undang. Frase yang dipakai dalam UUMK adalah “pendapat anggota majelis hakim yang berbeda”. Pendapat yang berbeda menurut Jimly, dibedakan menjadi dua yaitu dissenting opinion dan concurrent opinion. Suatu putusan dianggap sebagai concurring apabila terdapat argumentasi anggota majelis hakim yang berbeda dengan mayoritas anggota majelis hakim yang lain, namun tidak berimbas pada perbedaan amar putusan. Di sisi lain, suatu putusan dikatakan dissenting, jika pendapat suatu anggota majelis hakim berbeda dengan pendapat mayoritas anggota majelis hakim yang lain dan sampai menyentuh pada amar putusan. Kata Kunci: Dissenting opinion, concurring opinion, putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF MERAPI SAND MINING IN KLATEN CENTRAL JAVA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Arief K. Syaifulloh
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Sand Mining ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
The People ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
The Impact ◽  
General Explanation

In the general explanation of Law No. 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining it isoutlined that the Basic Law 1945 Article 33 paragraph (3) affirms the earth, water, andnatural wealth contained therein is controlled by the state and used for the greatprosperity of the people. In this study, the authors examined how environmentaldamage impacts the merapi sand mining in Klaten. The research method used in thisstudy is empirical legal research, where in empirical research emphasizes more on thesymptoms and consequences that occur based on the field, or in another sense thisstudy uses observation methods as primary data to see how the law in action goes.From the results of the research obtained that the impact of merapi sand mining in thecentral java klaten is the first impact on the damage of agricultural land, plantation landthat certainly threatens the availability of land for future generations of farmers thatwill certainly have an impact on food availability, secondly damaging evacuation routesand thirdly disrupting water content, ecology, landslide prone.

scholarly journals Inkonstitusionalitas Sistem Unbundling dalam Usaha Penyediaan Listrik

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Jefri Porkonanta Tarigan
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People

Fungsi negara tidak hanya sebagai regulator (pengatur) dan umpire (wasit), namun juga berfungsi sebagai provider (penyedia) dan entrepreneur (pengusaha). Oleh karena itu, sudah seharusnya negara terlibat langsung dalam usaha penyediaan listrik untuk kepentingan umum bagi sebesar-besarnya kemakmuran rakyat sebagaimana amanat Pasal 33 UUD 1945. Usaha penyediaan listrik untuk kepentingan umum dengan unbundling system yaitu terpisahnya antara usaha pembangkitan, transmisi, distribusi, dan penjualan listrik, telah dinyatakan inkonstitusional oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Putusan Nomor 001-021-022/PUU-I/2003, bertanggal 15 Desember 2004. Namun kemudian adanya putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 149/PUU-VII/2009, bertanggal 30 Desember 2010, justru dipandang sebagai peluang dibolehkannya kembali sistem unbundling dalam usaha penyediaan listrik sebagaimana ketentuan Pasal 10 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2009 tentang Ketenagalistirkan. Hal tersebut kemudian mendorong diajukannya kembali permohonan pengujian terhadap ketentuan Pasal 10 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2009. Melalui Putusan Nomor 111/PUU-XIII/2015, bertanggal 14 Desember 2016, Mahkamah Konstitusi pun menegaskan bahwa unbundling dalam usaha penyediaan tenaga listrik adalah tidak sesuai dengan konstitusi.The function of the state is not only as a regulator and referee, but also serves as provider and entrepreneur. Therefore, the state should be directly involved in the business of electric providing for the public interest to the greatest prosperity of the people as mandated by Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution. The unbundling system in electric providing for the public interest is the separation between the business of generation, transmission, distribution, and sales. The unbundling system has been declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court in Decision Number 001-021-022/PUU-I/2003 dated December 15, 2004. However, the decision of the Constitutional Court Number 149/PUU-VII/2009 dated 30 December 2010, is judged as an opportunity to re-enable the unbundling system in the business of electric providing as stipulated in Article 10 paragraph (2) of Law Number 30 Year 2009 about Electricity. It then encourages the re-submission of the petition for judicial review of the provisions of Article 10 paragraph (2) of Law Number 30 Year 2009. Then, through Decision Number 111/PUU-XIII/2015, dated December 14, 2016, the Constitutional Court confirm that unbundling in the business of providing power electricity for public interest is inconstitutional.

scholarly journals Kajian Hukum Hak Atas Tanah Masyarakat Long Midang Yang Memiliki Tanah Melebihi Ketentuan Dalam Undang-Undang RI Nomor 56 No.56 PRP Tahun 1960 Tentang Penetapan Luas Tanah Pertanian

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Steven Daustina Asprila ◽  
Abdul Mukmin Rehas
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Land Supply ◽  
The People ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
The Government ◽  
Living Creature

The land is a source of life for living creature, whether human, animal or plant. Humans live and live on the ground and these the land to source life by planting plants that produce food. Considering the importance of land because it can produce natural resources that are very beneficial for many people, the government needs to be related. Landis also one of the factors of production that are vital for human life and development in a nation. An increase in the volume of development within a country, eroding the importance of land for agriculture. Population growth requires a large area, resulting in reduced or reduced land supply. Then the government made law number 56 of PRP in 1960 concerning the stipulation of the area of agricultural land carried out by the long midrange community was hereditary. And at the time of the process of returning the rights to the community's land long midrange program, there was a problem that the long midrange community did not agree with the program because the long midrange community did not want a portion it the agricultural land was taken by the government. And in general, agricultural land controlled by the people in long midrange is used for agricultural land because the potential of natural resources here is quite abundant and even then that is used by the people in long midrange as agricultural lands, such as making rice field, plantations, fields, and still many more are use our exciting community. But the community does not know of the minimum and maximum limit or agricultural land they community.

scholarly journals Kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai Negative Budgeter dalam Pengujian Undang-Undang Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The People ◽  
Conceptual Study ◽  
The Guardian

Doktrin Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) yang dahulu dipercaya hanya sebagai negative legislature telah bergeser menjadi positive legislature. Menjadi pertanyaan, apakah doktrin MK sebagai negative legislature maupun positive legislature, dapat pula dimaknai sebagai negative budgeter dan positive budgeter dalam pengujian Undang-Undang Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (UU APBN). Berdasarkan hasil kajian konseptual dan pendalaman terhadap beberapa putusan MK dalam pengujian UU APBN, secara nyata dan dalam keadaan tertentu, doktrin MK sebagai negative legislature dapat dimaknai sebagai negative budgeter dalam bentuk pernyataan mata anggaran tertentu dalam UU APBN bertentangan dengan UUD 1945. Bahkan dapat pula dimaknai sebagai positive budgeter karena MK juga mengharuskan pemerintah dan DPR untuk menambahkan mata anggaran tertentu dalam UU APBN. Hal tersebut tidak lain sebagai bentuk diakuinya supremasi konstitusi, sehingga MK yang berperan sebagai the guardian constitution harus menjaganya. Apalagi dalam UUD 1945 terdapat pasal yang spesifik menyebut batas minimal anggaran pendidikan 20% dan pasal-pasal lain yang mengharuskan APBN harus dipergunakan untuk sebesar-besarnya kemakmuran rakyat.The doctrine of the Constitutional Court which was previously believed to be only as a negative legislature has shifted into positive legislature. The question, is the doctrine of the Constitutional Court as a negative legislature and a positive legislature can also be interpreted as a negative budgeter and a positive budgeter in the judicial review of the State Budget Law. Based on the result of conceptual study and deepening of several decisions of the Constitutional Court in the judicial review of the State Budget Law, in real and in certain circumtances, the doctrine of the Constitutional Court as a negative lagislature can be also interpreted as a negative budgetary in the form of specific budget items in the State Budget Law contradictory to the 1945 Constitution. Also as a positive budgeter because the Constitutional Court requires the executive and the legislative to add a specific budget in the State Budget Law. It is a form of recognition of constitutional supremacy, so that the Constitutional Court can role as the guardian constitution. Moreover in the 1945 Constitution there is a specific article that mentions the minimum limit of 20% education budget and other articles that require the state budget should be used for the greatest prosperity of the people.

scholarly journals Impact of Military Actions on Sustainable Development in Iraq

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Ibraheem M . Aliyas
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Earth Surface ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The People ◽  
Soil Water Resources ◽  
The Military

<em>The military actions in Iraq most challenge influenced to each life types especially on sustainable development which representing by environment such as (biosphere ;soil, water resources &amp; air) ,social and economic,  spawned the negatively traces for all sectors  of sustainable development , in particular including: murder ,destruction of infrastructure, agricultural production, biodiversity, industrial production, education, health, and others. Where occurred three wars; 1980, 1991 and 2003. Until now Iraq suffers from their impacts, where protection of sustainable development could be strategic necessity today's. Human who lives above the Earth is main reason in impact on the environment whether by the reason war or Irrationally use of natural resources which produce; pollution, smoke, waste, and epidemics .There is no doubt that the environment is a natural habitat for all human activities so events current on the earth surface, therefore unaffected and affect them, just the human living in healthy lives atmosphere where causes of varying degrees from effects on the environment. Our research is trying to find out how the in fact that environmental pollution by the reason of war hampering sustainable development and threatening the lives of Population, in order to reach this goal, included this   research ;sociological , environmental,ecnomic security for the people of Iraq.   caused unrest killed more than 85,000 civilians in 2007, estimated the number of refugees 4.7 million (about 16% of Iraq's population) in April 2008, and two million Iraqis have fled to neighboring countries, they are now according to the International Red Cross and the statements in the humanitarian situation bad, as the number of people killed during the war were 1.3 million people and in the month of August 2008 Iraq took fifth in unstable countries index.</em>

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF PIT HEAT METHOD IN SANGGAI MACHINE TECHNOLOGY AS A ORGANIC PRESERVATIVE OF FOOD

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Dede Martino ◽  
Ardiyaningsih Puji Lestari ◽  
Linda Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Protein Structure ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Heat Technology ◽  
The People ◽  
Integration Of Technology ◽  
Heat Method ◽  
Dry Food

Indonesia is a country that has extraordinary natural resources, both biological and non-biological natural resources. Indonesia has a great opportunity in utilizing natural resources to improve the welfare of the people. Unfortunately, Indonesia has not been yet able to exploit all of that. The prices of agricultural products are quite high but ironically the welfare of farmers has not improved either. On the other hand, other natural resources from the marine and earth sector also have export potential, but in fact these potentials have not had a significant influence. One of the causes of the suboptimal use of natural resources in Indonesia is the lack of integration of technology in developing the potential of the biodiversity. One of the efforts made to optimize the potential for life is to apply the concept of physics, which uses the concept of pit heat in the “sanggai” engine technology. This machine can be used to optimize the potential of agriculture in Indonesia. Pit heat technology can dry food without damaging the vitamin content. This technology does not damage the protein structure of food substances so that the application of technology on this machine can be used to optimize the potential of agriculture in Indonesia.

scholarly journals The reindeer companies of southern Norway: Natural resources, husbandry, prerogatives and challenges (Article in Norwegian and in English)

Rangifer ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Gaute Elvesæter Helland ◽  
Jan Stokstad
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Challenge ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
The People ◽  
Local Municipality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Southern Norway

From the middle of the 18th century there have been domesticated reindeer herds in the mountains of South-Norway. The people living in these areas, mostly farmers and hunters, bought reindeer from the Sami further east and north. Or Sami families came with their reindeer and started a new living. These events took place in many regions such as Setesdal, Hardangervidda, Hardanger, Voss, Hallingdal, Valdres, northern Gudbrandsdalen, Norefjell and Rendalen. In 1962 there were 20 000 tame reindeer held by 14 reindeer companies in southern Norway. Today five of these companies still exist. The reindeer owners have organized themselves as joint companies and to be a shareholder one must be living in the local municipality. The four companies in Valdres and northern Gudbrandsdalen keep in all about 11 000 reindeer in the winter herd which produces about 190 tons of reindeer meat each year. The legal basis of this reindeer management is regulated through agreements between the owners of the rough grazing properties and the company. In large areas the Norwegian State is the landowner, and in these cases the so-called Mountain law of 1975 regulates the agreement. The ways of managing the companies will be a matter of adjusting the management to all the other events in society. The structure of the herd, the extent of tameness and degree of domestication are key requisites. It is also of major importance that society supports this kind of management and regards the traditions and the long history of local interests in reindeer management. A future challenge will be to get these ways of living secured and warranted by law.

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