scholarly journals Kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai Negative Budgeter dalam Pengujian Undang-Undang Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The People ◽  
Conceptual Study ◽  
The Guardian

Doktrin Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) yang dahulu dipercaya hanya sebagai negative legislature telah bergeser menjadi positive legislature. Menjadi pertanyaan, apakah doktrin MK sebagai negative legislature maupun positive legislature, dapat pula dimaknai sebagai negative budgeter dan positive budgeter dalam pengujian Undang-Undang Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (UU APBN). Berdasarkan hasil kajian konseptual dan pendalaman terhadap beberapa putusan MK dalam pengujian UU APBN, secara nyata dan dalam keadaan tertentu, doktrin MK sebagai negative legislature dapat dimaknai sebagai negative budgeter dalam bentuk pernyataan mata anggaran tertentu dalam UU APBN bertentangan dengan UUD 1945. Bahkan dapat pula dimaknai sebagai positive budgeter karena MK juga mengharuskan pemerintah dan DPR untuk menambahkan mata anggaran tertentu dalam UU APBN. Hal tersebut tidak lain sebagai bentuk diakuinya supremasi konstitusi, sehingga MK yang berperan sebagai the guardian constitution harus menjaganya. Apalagi dalam UUD 1945 terdapat pasal yang spesifik menyebut batas minimal anggaran pendidikan 20% dan pasal-pasal lain yang mengharuskan APBN harus dipergunakan untuk sebesar-besarnya kemakmuran rakyat.The doctrine of the Constitutional Court which was previously believed to be only as a negative legislature has shifted into positive legislature. The question, is the doctrine of the Constitutional Court as a negative legislature and a positive legislature can also be interpreted as a negative budgeter and a positive budgeter in the judicial review of the State Budget Law. Based on the result of conceptual study and deepening of several decisions of the Constitutional Court in the judicial review of the State Budget Law, in real and in certain circumtances, the doctrine of the Constitutional Court as a negative lagislature can be also interpreted as a negative budgetary in the form of specific budget items in the State Budget Law contradictory to the 1945 Constitution. Also as a positive budgeter because the Constitutional Court requires the executive and the legislative to add a specific budget in the State Budget Law. It is a form of recognition of constitutional supremacy, so that the Constitutional Court can role as the guardian constitution. Moreover in the 1945 Constitution there is a specific article that mentions the minimum limit of 20% education budget and other articles that require the state budget should be used for the greatest prosperity of the people.

scholarly journals Inkonstitusionalitas Sistem Unbundling dalam Usaha Penyediaan Listrik

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Jefri Porkonanta Tarigan
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People

Fungsi negara tidak hanya sebagai regulator (pengatur) dan umpire (wasit), namun juga berfungsi sebagai provider (penyedia) dan entrepreneur (pengusaha). Oleh karena itu, sudah seharusnya negara terlibat langsung dalam usaha penyediaan listrik untuk kepentingan umum bagi sebesar-besarnya kemakmuran rakyat sebagaimana amanat Pasal 33 UUD 1945. Usaha penyediaan listrik untuk kepentingan umum dengan unbundling system yaitu terpisahnya antara usaha pembangkitan, transmisi, distribusi, dan penjualan listrik, telah dinyatakan inkonstitusional oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Putusan Nomor 001-021-022/PUU-I/2003, bertanggal 15 Desember 2004. Namun kemudian adanya putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 149/PUU-VII/2009, bertanggal 30 Desember 2010, justru dipandang sebagai peluang dibolehkannya kembali sistem unbundling dalam usaha penyediaan listrik sebagaimana ketentuan Pasal 10 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2009 tentang Ketenagalistirkan. Hal tersebut kemudian mendorong diajukannya kembali permohonan pengujian terhadap ketentuan Pasal 10 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2009. Melalui Putusan Nomor 111/PUU-XIII/2015, bertanggal 14 Desember 2016, Mahkamah Konstitusi pun menegaskan bahwa unbundling dalam usaha penyediaan tenaga listrik adalah tidak sesuai dengan konstitusi.The function of the state is not only as a regulator and referee, but also serves as provider and entrepreneur. Therefore, the state should be directly involved in the business of electric providing for the public interest to the greatest prosperity of the people as mandated by Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution. The unbundling system in electric providing for the public interest is the separation between the business of generation, transmission, distribution, and sales. The unbundling system has been declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court in Decision Number 001-021-022/PUU-I/2003 dated December 15, 2004. However, the decision of the Constitutional Court Number 149/PUU-VII/2009 dated 30 December 2010, is judged as an opportunity to re-enable the unbundling system in the business of electric providing as stipulated in Article 10 paragraph (2) of Law Number 30 Year 2009 about Electricity. It then encourages the re-submission of the petition for judicial review of the provisions of Article 10 paragraph (2) of Law Number 30 Year 2009. Then, through Decision Number 111/PUU-XIII/2015, dated December 14, 2016, the Constitutional Court confirm that unbundling in the business of providing power electricity for public interest is inconstitutional.

scholarly journals Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi yang Memuat Keadilan Sosial dalam Pengujian Undang-Undang

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 834
Author(s):  
Anna Triningsih ◽  
Oly Viana Agustine
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
State Control ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People

Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai lembaga yang lahir berdasarkan amandemen UUD 1945 memiliki fungsi sebagai lembaga terakhir penafsir konstitusi atau yang sering disebut sebagai the final interpreter of constitution. Fungsi ini biasanya dilaksanakan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam kewenangannya menguji undang-undang terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Terhadap frasa, ayat, pasal atau undang-undang yang dianggap tidak jelas atau multitafsir telah dimohonkan untuk diberikan penafsiran sesuai dengan konstitusi. Pun demikian dengan frasa keadilan sosial yang terdapat dalam beberapa undang-undang yang telah diputus Mahkamah Konstitusi. Terdapat 16 (enam belas) putusan dengan 10 (sepuluh) isu konstitusional dalam pengujian undang-undang selama periode 2003–2010 dalam bidang ketenagalistrikan, minyak dan gas bumi, ketenagakerjaan, sistem jaminan sosial nasional, sumber daya air, penanaman modal, pajak penghasilan, pengelolaan wilayah pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil dan pertambangan mineral dan batu bara. Dari 10 isu konstitusional tersebut, dalam pertimbangan hukumnya Mahkamah lebih sering memilih menggunakan interpretasi gramatikal, interpretasi historis, interpretasi teleologis atau sosilologis dan interpretasi komparatif atau perbandingan. Mahkamah Konstitusi menyatakan bahwa keadilan sosial dalam Pembukaan UUD 1945, mengandung makna “penguasaan negara” artinya negara harus menjadikan penguasaan terhadap cabang produksi yang dikuasainya itu memenuhi tiga hal yang menjadi kepentingan masyarakat: ketersediaan yang cukup, distribusi yang merata, dan terjangkaunya harga bagi orang banyak. Dengan dikuasai oleh negara, keadilan sosial diartikan mencakup makna penguasaan oleh negara dalam luas yang bersumber dan diturunkan dari konsepsi kedaulatan rakyat Indonesia atas segala sumber kekayaan “bumi, air dan kekayaan alam yang terkandung di dalamnya”, termasuk pula di dalamnya pengertian kepemilikan publik oleh kolektivitas rakyat atas sumber-sumber kekayaan dimaksud. The Constitutional Court as an institution born based on the amendments to the 1945 Constitution has a function as the final interpreter of constitution. This function is usually carried out by the Constitutional Court in its authority to examine laws against the 1945 Constitution. Regarding phrases, verses, articles or laws that are deemed unclear or multiple interpretations have been requested to be interpreted in accordance with the constitution. Even so with the phrase social justice contained in several laws that have been decided by the Constitutional Court. There are 16 (sixteen) decisions with 10 (ten) constitutional issues in judicial review during the 2003–2010 period in the fields of electricity, oil and gas, employment, national social security systems, water resources, investment, tax income, management of coastal areas and small islands and mining of minerals and coal. Of the 10 constitutional issues, in its legal considerations the Court often chooses to use grammatical interpretations, historical interpretations, teleological or sosilological interpretations and comparative or comparative interpretations. The Constitutional Court stated that social justice in the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution, contained the meaning of "state control" means that the state must make control of the controlled branch of production fulfill three things that are in the public interest: adequate availability, equitable distribution and affordability. By being controlled by the state, social justice is interpreted to include the meaning of control by the state in a broad sense that is derived and derived from the conception of the sovereignty of the people of Indonesia over all sources of wealth "earth, water and natural wealth contained in it" the people for the intended sources of wealth.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI PRINSIP DEMOKRASI DAN NOMOKRASI DALAM STRUKTUR KETATANEGARAAN RI PASCA AMANDEMEN UUD 1945

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Pigome
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
The State ◽  
General Election ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Legal Policy ◽  
State Constitution ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Guardian

 The principle of democracy and nomocracy as state in the Constitution 1945 is the embodiment of the state that based on civil sovereignty and state characteristics that uphold the law. Implemention of those two principles changes the structure of the state that established the Constitutional Court. This institution known as the guardian of democracy of any process of political democatization and legal policy. The consitutional Court plays an important role in maintaining the state constitution (Constitution 1945). Constitutional Court have an authority to solve dispute elections and general election. This institution also have a role to judicial review of any statute that not synchronize with the Constitution 1945. Keywords : Demoratization, Rule of Law, Constitution and Legal Policy

scholarly journals Implikasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Upaya Aplikasi Anggaran 20% Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Nasional

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Rini Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
State Budget ◽  
State Revenue ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Guardian ◽  
Minimum Education

Amandemen atau Perubahan ketiga Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 telah melahirkan lembaga Mahkamah Konstitusi yang bertugas sebagai pelindung atas pelaksanaan amanat konstitusi dan menjamin terlaksananya hak konstitusional bagi setiap warga negara Indonesia. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi bersifat final dan mengikat sehingga seharusnya dapat berlaku juga secara konsisten terhadap permasalahan yang sama. Sementara itu, jika Mahkamah Konstitusi adalah sebagai the guardian of contitution, di sisi lain Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 adalah sebuah konstitusi negara Indonesia yang harus dijaga dan dijamin pelaksanaannya oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi. Dalam upaya menunjang pendidikan yang bermutu, pemerintah mengalokasikan anggaran minimal pendidikan sebesar 20% dari Anggaran Pendapatan Belanja Negara dan Daerah sebagaimana termaktub dalam UUD 1945. Namun sayangnya anggaran pendidikan sebesar 20% pada Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (APBN) dan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah (APBD) hanya formalitas. Sementara itu, sejak tahun 2005 Mahkamah Konstitusi pernah memutus beberapa pengujian terkait anggaran minimal pendidikan. Diantaranya Mahkamah Konstitusi membatalkan dan menjadikan ketentuan ‘bertahap’ menjadi tidak berlaku. Tetapi diwaktu yang sama, Mahkamah Konstitusi juga memutus tidak dapat menerima (niet ontvankelijk verklaard) pengujian Undang-Undang Nomor 26 Tahun 2004 yang belum menerapkan anggaran pendidikan minimal 20% pada APBN 2005. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif didapati bahwa pertimbangan dan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi turut mempengaruhi upaya mewujudkan anggaran minimal 20% bagi pendidikan. Hingga saat ini menurut Neraca Pendidikan Daerah yang diterbitkan Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (Kemendikbud), masih banyak Kota dan Kabupaten yang mengalokasikan kurang dari 10 persen APBD untuk pendidikan.   Third Amendment of the Constitution 1945 of the Republic of Indonesia has established a Constitutional Court which asks for protection of the implementation of the mandate of the constitution and guarantees the implementation of constitutional rights for every Indonesian citizen. His verdict against the end and binding can finally be applied also against the end of the same. Meanwhile, if the Constitutional Court is the guardian of the constitution, on the other hand the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia is the constitution of the Indonesian state which must be safeguarded and approved by the Constitutional Court. To support education, the government allocates a minimum education budget 20% of the State and regional Budget. However, the education budget of 20% of the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBN) and the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) are only formalities. Meanwhile, since 2005 the Constitutional Court has decided on several trials related to the minimum education budget. Among them, the Constitutional Court canceled and made the 'gradual' provision invalid. But at the same time, the Constitutional Court also decided that it could not accept (niet ontvankelijk verklaard) the review of Law Number 26 of 2004 which had not implemented a minimum education budget of 20% in the 2005 State Budget. By using the normative legal research method, found that the considerations and decisions of the Constitutional Court also influence efforts to realize a minimum budget of 20% for education. Until now, there are still many Cities and Regencies that allocate less than 10 percent of the APBD for education.

scholarly journals KEDUDUKAN DAN WEWENANG MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI DALAM SISTEM HUKUM KETATANEGARAAN INDONESIA

Jurnal Hukum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 1088
Author(s):  
Nanang Sri Darmadi
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Court Ruling ◽  
The Third ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Guardian

Fundamental changes in the 1945 is the amendment of Article 1 paragraph (2) as follows: "Sovereignty belongs to the people and carried out according to the Constitution". Change the 1945 Constitution has given rise to the Constitutional Court. By the Constitutional Court, the constitution guaranteed as the supreme law that can be enforced as it should. The Constitutional Court in its development, it is feared will be the agency that has authority super body.Particularly in resolving the matter related to its authority, the Constitutional Court can unilaterally interpret the Constitution without being questioned, other than that produced the Constitutional Court ruling is final and binding, so that when there is one party who feels aggrieved by the decision of the Constitutional Court cannot make the effort for other law.From the approach used in this study is normative juridical, because the study was conducted by examining library materials or secondary data relating to the status and authority of the Constitutional Court in constitutional legal system of Indonesia. Specifications of this research is descriptive analysis, which is expected to give a detailed overview, systematic, and comprehensive on all matters relating to the object to be examined. The data used in this study is secondary data, it means the data obtained from library materials collected through the study of literature and documentary studies, which are then analyzed qualitatively. The conclusion of this study is that the formation of the Constitutional Court in Indonesia is inseparable from the development of judicial review occurring in several countries in the world, especially during the implementation of judicial review which was pioneered by John Marshall in Marbury versus Madison case.Thinking about the importance of the Constitutional Court in Indonesia has emerged during the discussion of the draft Constitution in BPUPKI, then the idea of judicial review of the need to re-emerge during the discussion draft Judicial Power Act (Act No. 14 of 1970). At the time of the discussion of the 1945 changes in the era reformation, the opinion of the importance of the Constitutional Court appeared. Ultimately, the Third Amendment to the 1945 to be of the Constitutional Court, which serves as the guardian of the Constitution and constitutional interpretation.

Hukum Denda dalam Keuangan Publik Islam di Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-328
Author(s):  
Fathul Aminudin Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Mutual Benefit ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government

Fines are sanctions or punishments that are applied in the form of the obligation to pay a sum of money imposed on the denial of a number of agreements previously agreed upon. There is debate over the status of fines in Islamic law. Some argue that fines may not be used, and some argue that they may be used. In the context of fines for delays in payment of taxes, in fiqh law it can be analogous to ta'zir bi al-tamlīk (punishment for ownership). This can be justified if the tax obligations have met the requirements. Whereas according to Islamic teachings, fines can be categorized as acts in order to obey government orders as taught in the hadith, and in order to contribute to the realization of mutual benefit in the life of the state. As for the amount of the fine, the government cannot arbitrarily determine fines that are too large to burden the people. Penalties are applied as a message of reprimand and as a means to cover the lack of the state budget.

Traditional and Customary Law: Adat

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Butt ◽  
Tim Lindsey
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
The State ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The Past ◽  
Statutory Protection ◽  
Traditional Communities

Many Indonesians—primarily those living in rural areas—still follow customary law (adat). The precise rules and processes of that adat differ significantly from place to place, even within short distances. This chapter shows that for many decades, adat has been subservient to national law. State-made law overrode it, leaving it applicable only in a very small proportion of cases where no national law applied, where judges could apply it as ‘living law’. Even in these cases, many judges ignored adat or distorted it when deciding cases. The 1945 Constitution was amended in 2000 to require the state to formally recognize and respect customary law, as practised in traditional communities. The Constitutional Court has given effect to this in various judicial review cases, as have some statutes enacted in the past decade or so. However, this constitutional and statutory ‘protection’ has been impeded in practice by requirements for traditional communities to be formally ‘recognized’ by their local governments, many of whom have been unresponsive to calls for recognition.

scholarly journals State Owned Enterprises Finance from the Perspective of State Funds

Yuridika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
Sopian Sitepu
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
The State ◽  
Company Law ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Clear Distinction ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Legal Subject ◽  
The Status

The existence of State-Owned enterprises (SOE) as one of Indonesia’s legal entities, whereby the State owns part of all of the capital of the company has presented several legal issues. The BUMN Act that has become the basis for establishing State-Owned enterprises has become its own independent legal subject and separates itself from the wealth of the State and has adhered to the provisions of the Company Law Act so that the capital that is presented by the State to the corporation remains as the capital of the SOE and not form the State. However, existing legislations regarding State funds places the funds for SOE as being part of the State budget. This ambiguity in the status of BUMN Funds is not only found in legislations but also in two different constitutional court decisions that presents inconsistencies towards law enforcers. This clear distinction is crucial in the practice of law enforcement in Indonesia.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENYELESIAN SENGKETA INTERNAL LEMBAGA NEGARA (STUDI KASUS PELANTIKAN PIMPINAN DEWAN PERWAKILAN DAERAH REPUBLIK INDONESIA PERIODE 2017-2019)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Yanzah Bagas Nugraha ◽  
Dwi Andayani Budisetyowati
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
State Institution ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Leadership Tenure ◽  
The People ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Republic

The establishment of the Regional Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia so called Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (DPD-RI) at least has two objectives. The first is to enhance justice for the people in the region. Secondly, to expanding and increasing the participation of local communities in national life. The process to form this state institution is done by amending the 3rd amendment of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic Indonesia. However, in doing that  amendment there was an internal conflict within the body of DPD-RI involving the old and the new leaders of this institution last year. The length of leadership tenure which was initially made 5 years was amended to became 2.5 years. The different length of leadership tenure was then canceled by the Supreme Court and it was decided to be the same as other institution such as The People’s Consultative Assembly and The House of Representative in that the leadership tenure should be in accordance with the electoral cycle of 5 years. However, although the regulation of DPD-RI has been canceled, the Supreme Court keeps sending its representative to guide the oath of position of the new DPD-RI leadership. The only regulation that has been introduced by the state was regulation toward conflict between state institutions and this conflict can merely be resolved by the Constitutional Court. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the state to seek solution to solve this problem to prevent the same thing happened to other state institution in the future.

scholarly journals LEMBAGA JUDICIAL REVIEW UNDANG-UNDANG TERHADAP UNDANG-UNDANG DASAR : PERBANDINGAN ANTARA KEWENANGAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI KOREA SELATAN DENGAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI REPUBLIK INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Joseph Atja Sulandra ◽  
Anak Agung Ngurah Roy Sumahardika
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Guardian

This study aimed to compare the profile and authority of the Constitutional Court of South Korea with the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia, which is granted by its Constitution and related laws. The aim is to see how far the role of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia as an institution of judicial review, so that it can also note the advantages and disadvantages in its function as the guardian of the constitution. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan profil dan kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi Korea Selatan dengan Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia, yang diberikan oleh Undang-Undang Dasar serta Undang-Undang terkait. Tujuannya adalah untuk melihat seberapa jauh peran Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia sebagai Lembaga Judicial Review Undang-undang terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar, sehingga dapat dilihat kelebihanan dan kekurangannya masing-masing dalam fungsinya sebagai lembaga pengawal konstitusi.

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