Cancer incidence, mortality and survival trends in Canada, 1970–2007

Introduction Monitoring cancer trends can help evaluate progress in cancer control while reinforcing prevention activities. This analysis examines long-term trends for selected cancers in Canada using data from national databases. Methods Annual changes in trends for age-standardized incidence and mortality rates between 1970 and 2007 were examined by sex for 1) all cancers combined, 2) the four most common cancers (prostate, breast, lung, colorectal) and 3) cancers that demonstrate the most recent notable changes in trend. Five-year relative survival for 1992–2007 was also calculated. Results Incidence rates for all primary cancer cases combined increased 0.9% per year in males and 0.8% per year in females over the study period, with varying degrees of increase for melanoma, thyroid, liver, prostate, kidney, colorectal, lung, breast, and bladder cancers and decrease for larynx, oral, stomach and cervical cancers. Mortality rates were characterized by significant declines for all cancers combined and for most cancers examined except for melanoma and female lung cancer. The largest improvements in cancer survival were for prostate, liver, colorectal and kidney cancers. While the overall trends in mortality rates and survival point to notable successes in cancer control, the increasing trend in incidence rates for some cancers emphasize the need for continued efforts in prevention.

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Melanoma Epidemic: An Analysis of Six Decades of Data From the Connecticut Tumor Registry

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2012.47.3728 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (33) ◽

pp. 4172-4178 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Alan C. Geller ◽

Richard W. Clapp ◽

Arthur J. Sober ◽

Lou Gonsalves ◽

Lloyd Mueller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Initial Period ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Tumor Registry ◽

Prevention And Early Detection ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Long Term Trends ◽

Fatal Form

Purpose Melanoma is the most commonly fatal form of skin cancer, with nearly 50,000 annual deaths worldwide. We sought to assess long-term trends in the incidence and mortality of melanoma in a state with complete and consistent registration. Methods We used data from the Connecticut Tumor Registry, the original National Cancer Institute SEER site, to determine trends in invasive melanoma (1950-2007), in situ melanoma (1973-2007), tumor thickness (1993-2007), mortality (1950-2007), and mortality to incidence (1950-2007) among the 19,973 and 3,635 Connecticut residents diagnosed with invasive melanoma (1950-2007) and who died as a result of melanoma (1950-2007), respectively. Main outcome measures included trends in incidence and mortality by age, sex, and birth cohort. Results In the initial period (1950-1954), a diagnosis of invasive melanoma was rare, with 1.9 patient cases per 100,000 for men and 2.6 patient cases per 100,000 for women. Between 1950 and 2007, overall incidence rates rose more than 17-fold in men (1.9 to 33.5 per 100,000) and more than nine-fold in women (2.6 to 25.3 per 100,000). During these six decades, mortality rates more than tripled in men (1.6 to 4.9 per 100,000) and doubled in women (1.3 to 2.6 per 100,000). Mortality rates were generally stable or decreasing in men and women through age 54 years. Conclusion Unremitting increases in incidence and mortality of melanoma call for a nationally coordinated effort to encourage and promote innovative prevention and early-detection efforts.

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Current and Future Burden of Prostate Cancer in Songkhla, Thailand: Analysis of Incidence and Mortality Trends From 1990 to 2030

Journal of Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/jgo.17.00128 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christian S. Alvarez ◽

Shama Virani ◽

Rafael Meza ◽

Laura S. Rozek ◽

Hutcha Sriplung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Annual Percent Change ◽

Public Health Burden ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Using Data

Purpose Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy among men worldwide, and it poses a significant public health burden that has traditionally been limited mostly to developed countries. However, the burden of the disease is expected to increase, affecting developing countries, including Thailand. We undertook an analysis to investigate current and future trends of prostate cancer in the province of Songkhla, Thailand, using data from the Songkhla Cancer Registry from 1990 to 2013. Methods Joinpoint regression analysis was used to examine trends in age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer and provide estimated annual percent change (EAPC) with 95% CIs. Age-period-cohort (APC) models were used to assess the effect of age, calendar year, and birth cohort on incidence and mortality rates. Three different methods (Joinpoint, Nordpred, and APC) were used to project trends from 2013 to 2030. Results Eight hundred fifty-five cases of prostate cancer were diagnosed from 1990 to 2013 in Songkhla, Thailand. The incidence rates of prostate cancer significantly increased since 1990 at an EAPC of 4.8% (95% CI, 3.6% to 5.9%). Similarly, mortality rates increased at an EAPC of 5.3% (95% CI, 3.4% to 7.2%). The APC models suggest that birth cohort is the most important factor driving the increased incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer. Future incidence and mortality of prostate cancer are projected to continue to increase, doubling the rates observed in 2013 by 2030. Conclusion It is critical to allocate resources to provide care for the men who will be affected by this increase in prostate cancer incidence in Songkhla, Thailand, and to design context-appropriate interventions to prevent its increasing burden.

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A nationwide trend analysis in the incidence and mortality of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in Japan between 2005 and 2014

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-72519-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yoshito Nishimura ◽

Ko Harada ◽

Toshihiro Koyama ◽

Hideharu Hagiya ◽

Fumio Otsuka

Keyword(s):

Disease Burden ◽

Vital Statistics ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Joinpoint Regression ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Jakob Disease ◽

Long Term Trends ◽

The Government ◽

Adjusted Incidence

Abstract In the era of hyper-ageing, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) can become more prevalent as an important cause of dementia. This study aimed to evaluate the trends in crude and age-adjusted CJD-associated mortality and incidence rates in Japan using national vital statistics data on CJD-associated deaths among individuals aged over 50 years, as well as the government-funded nationwide CJD surveillance data (pertaining to the years 2005–2014) in Japan. The data were analysed using the Joinpoint Regression Program to estimate the long-term trends and average annual percentage changes (AAPCs). Overall, the AAPCs of age-adjusted CJD-associated mortality rates rose significantly over the study period (3.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–5.1%). The AAPC of the age-adjusted incidence rates also increased (overall 6.4%; 95% CI 4.7–8.1%). The CJD-associated increases in the mortality and incidence rates were especially prominent among adults over the age of 70 years. Given this trend in aging of population, the disease burden of CJD will continue to increase in severity. Our findings thus recommend that policymakers be aware of the importance of CJD and focus on preparing to address the increasing prevalence of dementia.

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Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2017

Cancer Research and Treatment ◽

10.4143/crt.2020.206 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 335-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Seri Hong ◽

Young-Joo Won ◽

Young Ran Park ◽

Kyu-Won Jung ◽

Hyun-Joo Kong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Incidence ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Relative Survival ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Comprehensive Cancer Control ◽

Dramatic Improvement ◽

Cancer Statistics ◽

Incidence And Mortality

PurposeThis study reports the cancer statistics and temporal trends in Korea on a nationwide scale, including incidence, survival, prevalence, and mortality in 2017.Materials and MethodsThe incidence, survival, and prevalence rates of cancer were evaluated using data from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database from 1999 to 2017 with follow-up until December 31, 2018. Deaths from cancer were assessed using cause-of-death data from 1983 to 2017, obtained from Statistics Korea. Crude and age-standardized rates (ASRs) for incidence, mortality, and prevalence, and 5-year relative survival rates were calculated and trend analysis was performed.ResultsIn 2017, newly diagnosed cancer cases and deaths from cancer numbered 232,255 (ASR, 264.4 per 100,000) and 78,863 (ASR, 76.6 per 100,000), respectively. The overall cancer incidence rates increased annually by 3.5% from 1999 to 2011 and decreased by 2.7% annually thereafter. Cancer mortality rates have been decreasing since 2002, by 2.8% annually. The 5-year relative survival rate for all patients diagnosed with cancer between 2013 and 2017 was 70.4%, which contributed to a prevalence of approximately 1.87 million cases by the end of 2017.ConclusionThe burden of cancer measured by incidence and mortality rates have improved in Korea, with the exception of a few particular cancers that are associated with increasing incidence or mortality rates. However, cancer prevalence is increasing rapidly, with the dramatic improvement in survival during the past several years. Comprehensive cancer control strategies and efforts should continue, based on the changes of cancer statistics.

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Epidemiology of cervical cancer in Colombia

Salud Pública de México ◽

10.21149/spm.v56i5.7368 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 431 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Nubia Muñoz ◽

Luis Eduardo Bravo

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Prognostic Factors ◽

Relative Survival ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Population Based ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽

Epidemiological Evidence ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Municipal Health

Objective. To describe the incidence, mortality, time trends and prognostic factors for cervical cancer in Cali, Colombia, and to review the molecular epidemiological evidence showing that HPV is the major and necessary cause of cervical cancer and the implications of this discovery for primary and secondary prevention. Materials and methods. Incidence rates of cervical cancer during a 45-year period (1962-2007) were estimated based on the population-based cancer registry of Cali and the mortality statistics from the Municipal Health Secretariat of Cali. Prognostic factors were estimated based on relative survival. Review of the molecular epidemiological evidence linking HPV to cervical cancer was focused on the studies carried out in Cali and in other countries. Results. Incidence rates of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) declined from 120.4 per 100 000 in 1962-1966 to 25.7 in 2003-2007 while those of adenocarcinoma increased from 4.2 to 5.8. Mortality rates for cervical cancer declined from 18.5 in 1984-1988 to 7.0 per 100 000 in 2009-2011. Survival was lower in women over 65 years of age and in clinical stages 3-4. Review of the molecular epidemiological evidence showed that certain types of HPV are the central and neces- sary cause of cervical cancer. Conclusions. A decline in the incidence and mortality of SCC and an increase in the incidence of adenocarcinoma during a 45-year period was documented in Cali, Colombia.

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Long-Term Exposure to Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter and COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality Rate in Chile during 2020

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18147409 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (14) ◽

pp. 7409

Author(s):

Macarena Valdés Salgado ◽

Pamela Smith ◽

Mariel Opazo ◽

Nicolás Huneeus

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Transport Model ◽

Surface Concentration ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Pm2.5 And Pm10

Background: Several countries have documented the relationship between long-term exposure to air pollutants and epidemiological indicators of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as incidence and mortality. This study aims to explore the association between air pollutants, such as PM2.5 and PM10, and the incidence and mortality rates of COVID-19 during 2020. Methods: The incidence and mortality rates were estimated using the COVID-19 cases and deaths from the Chilean Ministry of Science, and the population size was obtained from the Chilean Institute of Statistics. A chemistry transport model was used to estimate the annual mean surface concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 in a period before the current pandemic. Negative binomial regressions were used to associate the epidemiological information with pollutant concentrations while considering demographic and social confounders. Results: For each microgram per cubic meter, the incidence rate increased by 1.3% regarding PM2.5 and 0.9% regarding PM10. There was no statistically significant relationship between the COVID-19 mortality rate and PM2.5 or PM10. Conclusions: The adjusted regression models showed that the COVID-19 incidence rate was significantly associated with chronic exposure to PM2.5 and PM10, even after adjusting for other variables.

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Lung cancer survival trend in Umbria, Italy, 1994-2016: preliminary results

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.1196 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

A Ostorero ◽

A Gili ◽

S Violi ◽

F Stracci

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Overall Survival ◽

Tobacco Smoking ◽

Cancer Survival ◽

Cancer Control ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

New Treatments ◽

Lung Cancer Survival

Abstract Background Lung cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide and the leading cause of death for cancer (18.4%). During the last 30 years, lung cancer incidence and mortality increased in women and decreased in men, because of tobacco smoking exposure. Population survival trend reflects both the influence of disease severity at diagnosis and treatment effectiveness. Some studies reported an increase in global lung cancer survival and linked it to new treatment options. However, change in the overall survival may also reflect a shift towards morphologies with more favorable prognosis. We analyzed overall and morphology specific survival trends for lung cancer to gain insight on the role of new treatments and changing exposures. Methods We analyzed lung cancer 1 y-survival and 3 y-survival after diagnosis in Umbria (890'000 inhabitants) in the period 1994-2016. Population-based data were obtained from the Umbrian Cancer Registry (RTUP), Italy. We estimated relative net survival (Pohar-Perme approach) stratified both for sex and histotype (NSCLC, SCLC, NOS), considering six diagnostic periods from 1994 to 2016 (4 years for period, except 3 in the last one) for 5'268 lung cancer cases (26% women). Results Overall survival by gender resulted 40,5% (1y) and 16.5% (3y) in men, 47,3% (1y) and 23,2% (3y) in women. NSCLC survival increased in women during the period 1994-2016 from 41% to 53% (1y) and from 23% to 33% (3y), and remained unchanged in men. SCLC 3 year-survival did not change significantly neither in women nor in men. Conclusions We did not observe a significant increase in lung cancer survival over a 25 years period. We observed a significant increase in survival probabilities for NSCLC among women only. Thus, our data don't confirm a major role of new treatments in improving lung cancer control. We will provide further analyses for adenocarcinoma and a comparison of incidence and mortality trends to understand the influence of exposures and treatments on survival. Key messages A general increase in lung cancer survival, as could be expected after the introduction of new highly effective treatments is not present in western countries. Reducing exposure to tobacco smoking and environmental pollution remain the main intervention to improve lung cancer control.

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Long-term trends in the incidence and relative survival of pancreatic cancer in Canada: A population-based study

Pancreatology ◽

10.1016/j.pan.2015.12.180 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 259-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Gileh-Gol Akhtar-Danesh ◽

Christian Finley ◽

Noori Akhtar-Danesh

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Relative Survival ◽

Population Based ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Long Term Trends

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National and Subnational Trends of Incidence and Mortality of Female Genital Cancers in Iran; 1990–2016

Archives of Iranian Medicine ◽

10.34172/aim.2020.40 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 434-444

Author(s):

Sahar Eftekharzadeh ◽

Narges Ebrahimi ◽

Mehrnoosh Samaei ◽

Farnam Mohebi ◽

Bahram Mohajer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Gynecological Cancer ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Gynecological Cancers ◽

Corpus Uteri ◽

National Mortality ◽

Incidence And Mortality

Background: The present study aims to assess the incidence and mortality rates of gynecological cancers and their changes from 1990 to 2016 at national and subnational levels in Iran. Methods: Annual estimates of incidence and mortality for gynecological cancers from 1990 to 2016 at national and subnational levels were generated as part of a larger project entitled National and Subnational Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (NASBOD). After the precise processing of data extracted from the Iran Cancer Registry, annual age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated for each cancer, province, year and age group during the period of the study. Results: In 2016, gynecological cancers constituted 8.0% of new cancer cases among women of all ages compared to 3.7% of new cases of cancer among women in 1990. The incidence rate of gynecological cancers has increased from 2.5 (0.9-5.6) per 100000 women in 1990 to 12.3 (9.3–15.7) per 100000 women in 2016, and the most common gynecological cancer has changed from cervical cancer in 1990 to corpus uteri cancer in 2016. Age-standardized incidence rates of ovarian, corpus uteri and vulvovaginal cancers increased from 1.3 (0.5–2.4), 1.7 (0.6–3.0), and 0.3 (0.0–0.7) in 1990 to 4.4 (3.6–5.2), 9.9 (6.8–13.4), and 0.6 (0.2–1.0) in 2016, respectively, showing a 3.3, 5.8 and 1.7-fold increase during this period. Age-standardized incidence rate of cervical cancer was 2.4 (1.7–3.3) cases per 100000 women in 2016 and did not differ significantly from the beginning of the study. An overall reduction was seen in national mortality to incidence ratios (MIR) from 2000 to 2015. Conclusion: The incidence rates of all gynecological cancers in different provinces have shown a converging trend that could indicate that attempts toward health equality have been effective. The declining trend of MIR could be interpreted as advancements in detection of cancer in its early stages and also improvements in treatments, in turn reflecting improvements in access to and quality of care.

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Increase in Distant Stage Breast Cancer Incidence Rates in US Women Aged 25–49 Years, 2000–2011: The Stage Migration Hypothesis

Journal of Cancer Epidemiology ◽

10.1155/2015/710106 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Anthony P. Polednak

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Breast Cancer Incidence ◽

Relative Survival ◽

Distant Metastases ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Stage Migration ◽

Relative Survival Rate ◽

Regional Stage ◽

Er Positive ◽

Using Data

Background.Unexplained increases have been reported in incidence rates for breast cancer diagnosed at distant stage in younger U.S. women, using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program.Methods.This report focused on recent SEER trends (2000–2011) in age-standardized incidence rates of invasive breast cancer at ages 25–39 and 40–49 years and the hypothesis that stage migration may have resulted from advances in detecting distant metastases at diagnosis.Results.Increases in the rates for distant stage were roughly equal to decreases in the rates for the most advanced stage subgroups within regional stage; this was evident for estrogen receptor (ER) negative cancers, associated with poorer prognosis, but not for ER positive cancers. The 3-year relative survival rate increased over time for distant stage (especially in the ER positive subgroup) and regional stage but not for localized stage; these trends do not contradict the stage-migration hypothesis.Conclusions.Findings provide some support for stage migration as one explanation for the recent increase in incidence of distant stage breast cancer, but additional studies are needed using other databases.

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