SIFAT KIMIA TIGA JENIS KAYU RAKYAT

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Yuniarti Yuniarti
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Social Forestry ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Sample Result ◽  
Better Than

The objective of this study was to determine the chemical components of three kinds of social forestry timber of Jengkol, Madang, and Bangkinang, where wood samples was procured from Loksado South Kalimantan. The analysis was conducted according to TAPPI Standard with three replications for each sample. Result shows that Jengkol wood contained 44.73% of cellulose, 79.19% of holocellulose, 32.14% of lignin, 4.08% of extractive and 3.42% of ash. Madang wood contained 45.02% of cellulose, 80.05% of holocellulose, 31.60% of lignin, 4.06% of extractive and 4.59% of ash. Bangkinang wood contained 45.76% of cellulose, 72.84% of holocellulose, 20.90% of  lignin, 2.89% of extractive and 3.9% of ash. This research indicated that among three social forestry timber investigated, the Bangkinang wood is better than two others as sources of raw material for pulp and paper due to the highest cellulose content and lowest lignin and extractives contents.Keywords: chemical properties, Jengkol, Madang, Bangkinang

scholarly journals Assessment of Pellets from Three Forest Species: From Raw Material to End Use

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Miguel Alfonso Quiñones-Reveles ◽  
Víctor Manuel Ruiz-García ◽  
Sarai Ramos-Vargas ◽  
Benedicto Vargas-Larreta ◽  
Omar Masera-Cerutti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
End Use ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the relationship between chemical properties, energy efficiency, and emissions of wood and pellets from madroño Arbutus xalapensis Kunth, tázcate Juniperus deppeana Steud, and encino colorado Quercus sideroxyla Humb. & Bonpl. in two gasifiers (top-lit-up-draft (T-LUD) and electricity generation wood camp stove (EGWCS)) in order to determine the reduction of footprint carbon. In accordance with conventional methodologies, we determined the extracts and chemical components (lignin, cellulose, holocellulose), and the immediate analyses were carried out (volatile materials, fixed carbon, ash content and microanalysis of said ash), as well as the evaluation of emission factors (total suspended particulate matter (PM2.5), CO, CO2, CH4, black carbon (BC), elemental carbon (EC), and organic carbon (OC)). The results were statistically analyzed to compare each variable among species and gasifiers. The raw material analyzed showed how the pH ranged from 5.01 to 5.57, and the ash content ranged between 0.39 and 0.53%. The content values of Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg, and Ca ranged from 0.08 to 0.22, 0.18 to 0.19, 0.38 to 0.84, 1.75 to 1.90, and 3.62 to 3.74 mg kg−1, respectively. The extractive ranges from cyclohexane were 2.48–4.79%, acetone 2.42–4.08%, methanol 3.17–7.99%, and hot water 2.12–4.83%. The range of lignin was 18.08–28.60%. The cellulose content ranged from 43.30 to 53.90%, and holocellulose from 53.50 to 64.02%. The volatile material range was 81.2–87.42%, while fixed carbon was 11.30–17.48%; the higher heating value (HHV) of raw material and pellets presented the ranges 17.68–20.21 and 19.72–21.81 MJ kg−1, respectively. Thermal efficiency showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between pellets and gasifiers, with an average of 31% Tier 3 in ISO (International Organization for Standardization) for the T-LUD and 14% (ISO Tier 1) for EGWCS, with Arbutus xalapensis being the species with the highest energy yield. The use of improved combustion devices, as well as that of selected raw material species, can reduce the impact of global warming by up to 33% on a cooking task compared to the three-stone burner.

scholarly journals Influence of Input Variables over the Wood Digestion in a Sulfite Pulp Mill for Biorefinery Purposes

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Cristina Rueda ◽  
Carlos Tejedor ◽  
Natalia Quijorna ◽  
Ana Andrés ◽  
Alberto Coz
Keyword(s):  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Sulfite Pulp ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Major Attention ◽  
Wood Digestion ◽  
Better Than

Eucalyptus globulus is the most profitable specie in Europe for pulping. However, in recent years some diseases and pests have caused its defoliation, affecting the available quantity of wood. In this sense, the mills are studying how to avoid the loss of pulp yield as well as the optimization of byproducts in order to take advantage of every component present in the wood using biorefinery processes. One of the possible options is to complete the consumption of E. globulus with other species such as Eucalyptus nitens.The objective of this paper is to study the behavior of both species related to the dissolving pulp manufacturing process as well as the characteristics of the resulting products. Parameters that can be very useful for the evaluation of the raw material, such as the growing data or density of both species, have been compared. Major attention has been focused on the composition of both species and how it affects the characteristics of the possible final products.E. nitens presents good results of forestry characteristics, being better than E. globulus in terms of growing and resistance to frosts. The cellulose content of both species is similar, however the digestion process in the case of E. nitens needs to be improved in order to optimize the involved energy and the obtained products.

scholarly journals Potensi Penggunaan Dua Spesies Agave untuk Pembuatan Pulp dan Kertas

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Arini Hidayati Jamil ◽  
Heronimus Judi Tjahjono ◽  
Parnidi Parnidi ◽  
Marjani Marjani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Tensile Index ◽  
Tear Index ◽  
Agave Sisalana

Potential of Two Agave Species for Pulp and Paper MakingAbstractBoth of Agave sisalana and A. cantala are the most favorite agave species for fiber producer plant in Indonesia. Nevertheless, research study for using fiber of A. sisalana and A. cantala for pulp and paper purpose is hard to find. This study aims to observe the characteristics of A. sisalana and A. cantala fibers as a raw material of pulp including fiber morphology, chemical components, pulp characteristics, optical and physical properties of the handsheets. The observation of all characters was based on Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The pulping method used both of soda process with 18% active alkali and kraft process with 18% active alkali and 25% sulfidity. The result of the study for the handsheets from A. sisalana and A. cantala fibers shows that the brightness, dirt, and tear index were fulfilled to SNI standard for NBKP while the tensile index and burst index just fulfilled to SNI standard for LBKP. The handsheet of A. sisalana fiber has a higher tear index, tensile index, and burst index than the A. cantala ones. Soda pulping of both agave species resulting higher pulp yield, cellulose polymerization degrees and physical properties than kraft pulping.Keywords : Agave sisalana, A. cantala, characteristics of the fiber, pulp AbstrakAgave sisalana dan A. cantala merupakan dua spesies agave yang paling banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia sebagai tanaman penghasil serat alam. Namun penelitian mengenai fungsi serat A. sisalana dan A. cantala sebagai bahan baku pulp dan kertas masih sulit ditemukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari karakteristik serat A. sisalana dan A. cantala sebagai bahan baku pulp yang meliputi morfologi serat, komposisi komponen kimia, karakeristik pulp, sifat optik dan fisik lembaran pulp yang dihasilkan. Pengamatan seluruh karakter dilakukan berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia. Pemasakan menggunakan metode soda dengan alkali aktif 18% dan kraft dengan alkali aktif 18% dan sulfiditas 25%. Hasil pengamatan pada lembaran pulp yang dihasilkan dari serat A. sisalana dan A. cantala menunjukkan bahwa derajat cerah, noda, dan kekuatan sobek memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) Pulp Kraft Putih Kayujarum (NBKP) sementara kekuatan tarik dan kekuatan retak memenuhi SNI Pulp Krat Putih Kayudaun (LBKP). Lembaran pulp A. sisalana memiliki kekuatan sobek, tarik, dan retak lebih tinggi dibanding lembaran pulp A. cantala. Metode pemasakan soda pada serat kedua spesies agave tersebut menghasilkan rendemen pulp, derajat polimerisasi selulosa, dan kekuatan fisik lebih baik dibanding metode kraft.Kata kunci : Agave sisalana, A. cantala, karakteristik serat, pulp 

scholarly journals Clonal Variation in the Bark Chemical Properties of Hybrid Aspen: Potential for Added Value Chemicals

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4403
Author(s):  
Pasi Korkalo ◽  
Risto Korpinen ◽  
Egbert Beuker ◽  
Tytti Sarjala ◽  
Jarkko Hellström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Clonal Variation ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Hybrid Aspen ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Water Extracts

This study aims to promote comprehensive utilization of woody biomass by providing a knowledgebase on the utility of aspen bark as a new alternative source for fossil-based chemicals. The research focused on the analysis of clonal variation in: (1) major chemical components, i.e., hemicelluloses, cellulose, and lignin; (2) extraneous materials, i.e., bark extractives, and suberic acid; (3) condensed tannins content and composition; and (4) screening differences in antioxidative properties and total phenolic content of hot water extracts and ethanol-water extracts of hybrid aspen bark. Results of this study, the discovery of clonal variation in utilizable chemicals, pave the way for further research on added-value potential of under-utilized hybrid aspen and its bark. Clonal variation was found in notable part of chemicals with potential for utilization. Based on the results, an appropriate bark raw material can be selected for tailored processing, thus improving the resource efficiency. The results also indicate that by applying cascade processing concepts, bark chemical substances could be more efficiently utilized with more environmentally friendly methods.

scholarly journals Structure, Composition, and Thermal Properties of Cellulose Fibers from Pueraria lobata Treated with a Combination of Steam Explosion and Laccase Mediator System

BioResources ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 6854-6866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghua Li ◽  
Guangting Han ◽  
Yan Song ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Yuanming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Steam Explosion ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Pueraria Lobata ◽  
Mediator System ◽  
Laccase Mediator System

Cellulosic fibers from the bast of Pueraria lobata (P. lobata) vine were separated using a “green” and efficient method that combined steam explosion (SE) and a laccase mediator system (LMS). The chemical components, structure, and thermal alterations in the fibers were evaluated. The SE performed at 180 °C for 10 min did not change the chemical composition of P. lobata; however, SE did alter the fiber structure and rendered its surface more accessible to the laccase enzyme. Treated and untreated samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and chemical methods. The cellulose content of the processed fibers was approximately 68.2%, and the lignin content was 11.8%, which was much lower than the 22.98% lignin content of the raw material. The cellulose fibers exhibited higher cellulose crystallinity and thermal stability compared with the untreated samples. This combined treatment approach may be useful for the isolation of cellulose fibers for composites, textiles, and other industrial applications.

scholarly journals The Characteristics of Buffalo Hide as Raw Material for Gelatin Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Mulyani ◽  
F.M.C. Sigit Setya Budi ◽  
Yudi Pranoto ◽  
Umar Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Hydroxyproline Content ◽  
Collagen Density ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Better Than ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This study was aimed to observe the physical and chemical properties of buffalo hide as raw material for gelatin production by pretreatment using alkali-acid. Buffalo hide was observed on three sections, i.e. back (butt/croupon), abdomen (belly) and shoulder. The physical properties of the hide were analysed through the measurement of hide thickness, whereas the chemical properties were analysed by determining the proximate and amino acid composition. The qualities of gelatin (gel strength, viscosity and pH) were compared to standard commercial gelatin and Gelatin Manufactures Institute of America (GMIA). Gelatin extraction was done using a combination pretreatment alkali (0.5M NaOH) and acid (0,9M HCl). The results showed that butt section had collagen density was best compared to shoulder and belly. The thickness of butt (10.219 ± 0.318 mm) smaller than the shoulder (11.365 ± 0.389 mm), but thicker than the belly. The protein and hydroxyproline content on the butt was the highest, resulting the value 27.517 ± 0.049% and 97.330 ± 0.331 ppm, respectively. Extraction using 0.9 M hydrochloric acid produced yield 29.17 ± 2.12%. The gel strength 242.35 ± 12.90 g Bloom, viscosity 16.37 ± 1.5 cp and pH 5.15 ± 0.05. The gelatin quality meets the standards of quality of GMIA (2012) even better than commercial gelatin.

scholarly journals Effects of Age and Height on Chemical Properties of Yushania Alpina Grown at Injibara District, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Amsalu Tolessa ◽  
Fikremariam Haile ◽  
Abraham Dilnesa ◽  
Buzayehu Desisa ◽  
Tegene Tantu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
American Society ◽  
Chemical Testing

This paper studied the chemical composition of cultivated 3, 4 and 5 year-old highland bamboo (Y. alpina) which were classified into three position (top, medium and bottom) to determined the main compositions especially cellulose, lignin, extractive and ash content. From all culms representative samples were converted to the required size of wood chips to prepared sample for chemical testing. Then the specimens prepared from bottom, middle and top portions for the three ages were used to determine the chemical properties in accordance to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards except for cellulose test determined according to Kurschner and Hoffer method. All parameters in the experiment were expressed by percent based on dry basis. From this research, we have found small but significant increases in mean cellulose content from the base to the top of the culm at all three ages. The lignin content in Y. alpina species of bamboo is in the ranged of 23.04 to 30.03%. The mean values of the chemical constituents in 3, 4 and 5- year-old culms were 51.83, 54.94 and 49.78% for cellulose content, 28.28, 24.99 and 24.53% for lignin content, 7.8, 10.09, and 9.54% for alcohol-toluene extractive, respectively. In general, the comprehensive knowledge of the chemical components in the bamboo species will facilitate the use of the materials in the forestry industrial sector and help to enhance their utilization in the chemical and bio-chemical related industry.

scholarly journals Analisis Kimia dari Serat Kayu Bangkal (Nauclea officinalis) sebagai Alternatif Bahan Baku Pulp Kertas (Chemical Analysis of Bangkal (Nauclea Officinalis) Wood Fibers as Raw Material Alternative of Pulp & Paper)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Herlina Herlina ◽  
Wiwin Tyas Istikowati, Ph.D. ◽  
Fatriani Fatriani
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Pulp Paper ◽  
Chemical Content

South Kalimantan has considerable natural forests and many types of timber that have not yet been optimally utilized, such as Bangkal tree (Nauclea officinalis). The purpose of this research was to analyze chemical components, dimensional fibers characteristic, and suitability of Bangkal wood as a raw material of pulp and paper. The results obtained from this study revealed that the chemical content of Bangkal wood consisted of 3.00% extractive, 30.00% lignin, 16% hemicellulose, and 50.50% cellulose. The anatomy of Bangkal wood were 1.40 mm in fiber length 1.40 mm, 1.20 μm in fiber diameter, 5.00 μm in lumen diameter, and 3.25 μm in cell wall thickness. Derived fiber values comprised Runkel Ratio (0.43), Power Weaving (66.00), Muhsteph Ratio (99.80%), Coefficient of Rigidity (0.20), and Flexibility Ratio (0.71). Based on the chemical components and quality of Bangkal wood fiber, that wood could be used as a raw material of pulp and paper.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Chemical Components of Eichhornia crassipes as an Alternative Raw Material for Pulp and Paper

BioResources ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis F. Pintor-Ibarra ◽  
J. Jesús Rivera-Prado ◽  
Maginot Ngangyo-Heya ◽  
José G. Rutiaga-Quiñones
Keyword(s):  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Components

Potensi Sludge dari Industri Kertas Sebagai Bahan Baku Chipboard

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Henggar Hardiani ◽  
Rina Masriani
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Ft Ir

From the regulatory perspectives, pulp and paper mill sludge management as a environmental issue is significant. The restricted of imported recycle paper is a problem for the pulp and paper industry. Therefore a research was conducted to determine utilization potential of the WWTP sludge from paper industry in Indonesia as raw material for chipboard based on the characteristics of the sludge. The environmental aspects evaluation also has been cundected TCLP test and toxicology LD50 to determine whether the sludge waste category B3. The test results showed that the levels of alpha cellulose sludge is high (45-84%). Primary Sludge from virgin pulp contains high alpha cellulose (76-84%), ash content (3-14%), and the fines are quite low (30-34%). Potential of primary and final sludge to be used as raw material for chipboard. However, the primary sludge is generally recycled so that the final sludge are more preferable to be utilized. The results of FT-IR spectra analysis showed that the dominant chemical components in the sludge are cellulose. Fiber and fines content in line with the observation using SEM. Based on the results of the TCLP test and LD50, it is known that the sludge contains heavy metals, inorganic and organic are stable, so it is safe for the environment and can be utilized. Thus sludge has potential as a raw material for chipboard.ABSTRAKPengelolaan limbah sebagai isu lingkungan penting untuk dilakukan, terutama dari perspektif regulasi.  Adanya larangan impor kertas daur ulang, merupakan masalah bagi industri pulp dan kertas.  Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian untuk meneliti potensi pemanfaatan sludge IPAL dari industri kertas di Indonesia sebagai bahan baku pembuatan chipboard berdasarkan karakteristik sludge. Evaluasi terhadap aspek lingkungan berdasarkan uji karakteristik beracun TCLP dan uji toksikologi LD50 untuk mengetahui apakah sludge termasuk kategori limbah B3 juga dilakukan. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa  kadar alfa selulosa sludge relatif cukup tinggi (45-84%). Sludge primer pulp virgin mengandung kadar alfa selulosa yang tinggi (76-84 %), kadar abu (3-14 %), dan kadar fines yang cukup rendah (30-34 %). Sludge primer maupun sludge  final berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan chipboard. Akan tetapi sludge primer pada umumnya didaur ulang sehingga sludge final lebih berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan. Hasil analisa spektra FT-IR sludge menunjukkan bahwa komponen kimia yang dominan dalam sludge adalah selulosa. Data kandungan serat dan kandungan fines sejalan dengan pengamatan menggunakan SEM. Berdasarkan hasil uji TCLP dan LD50, diketahui bahwa sludge mengandung logam berat, inorganik dan organik yang bersifat stabil, sehingga aman terhadap lingkungan dan dapat dimanfaatkan. Dengan demikian sludge mempunyai potensi sebagai bahan baku pada industri karton chipboard. Kata kunci : Chipboard, industri kertas, LD50, sludge IPAL, TCLP

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