scholarly journals Pengaruh medan elektromagnetik pada prestasi mesin motor bakar empat langkah dengan bahan bakar gas

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Achmad Rifqi In'Amullah ◽  
Nasrul Ilminnafik

The high level of fuel oil consumption in Indonesia caused by increases number of vehicles. Fuel oil consumption has switched into gas fuel as one of the secure alternative fuels and obtained more little gas emissions if compared with fuel oil. LPG (Liquified Petroleum Gas) is one of the alternative fuel was environmentally friendly. This research is purposed for compared performance of four-step engine with premium fuel and LPG fuel with a variety of additional electromagnetic field 600, 800, and 1000 total of copper wire windings. Using LPG fuel can increase torque generated by engine, but the result of engine power to be lower. Based on research data 800 copper wire windings can increase the number of torque and generated power compared to LPG fuel standard. LPG fuel can save fuel consumption compared to premium fuel. The most optimum decrease in fuel consumption is generated by using 1000 copper wire windings. Using LPG fuel can also reduce CO, CO2, and HC emissions levels. The best CO, CO2, and HC emissions levels are obtained from 1000 copper wire windings.Keywords: torque, power, fuel consumption, emissions, and LPG.

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Bella Puspa Octaviania ◽  
Supriyadi ◽  
Ambran Hartono

A lack of method to find out the fairness limit of fuel consumption in mining operations enables statistical approach with two-tail test be applied to observe the fairness limit of actual fuel oil consumption compared to the manual handbook of its equipment. Fuel consumption according to the manual handbook for EXCA LIEBHERR 9350 excavator is 207.23 liters/hour and EXCA HITACHI 2500 is 191.51 liters/hour, while CATERPILLAR 777D Dump Truck is 36-53 liters/hour consider as low, 53-73, 8 liters/hour medium, and 73.8-96.5 liters/hour as high. This statistical approach has been carried out after fulfilling the concept of mechanized earth-moving. As a result, the differences in fuel consumption of LIEBHERR 9350 and HITACHI 2500 are 3.72% and 3.26%, which are still in range of a reasonable fuel consumption limit, while CAT 777D operating on LIEBHERR 9350 and CAT 777D operating on HITACHI 2500, each shows a difference in fuel consumption. The differences are 29.65%, meaning that it has exceeded the reasonable limits of fuel consumption and 7.15%, meaning that it is still in range of a reasonable fuel consumption limit.


Author(s):  
Michel Rejani Miyazaki ◽  
Asgeir Johan Sørensen

In this paper, load sharing curves are generated for marine systems with multiple gensets, where the goal is to reduce both gas emissions and fuel consumption. Initially, the average emissions and fuel consumption for each engine are calculated based on the specific emission and Specific Fuel Oil Consumption (SFOC) curves of each generator set (genset). An optimal nonlinear load sharing subject to gas emission and fuel consumption minimization is found for each engine. One result is that identical gensets should not have the same droop curve on the optimum condition, since it would lead to equal load sharing among them and a suboptimal configuration. Cases with two identical engines, two different engines, and multiple different engines were studied. The results show that by modifying the usually linear droop curve of engines, it is possible to reduce the fuel consumption and the gas emission, and it is also possible to fine tune the solution such that the fuel consumption or gas emissions are reduced.


2014 ◽  
Vol 493 ◽  
pp. 388-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddy S. Koenhardono ◽  
Eko Budi Djatmiko ◽  
Adi Soeprijanto ◽  
Mohammad I. Irawan

In recent years efforts on reducing fuel consumption has become the greatest issue related to energy crisis and global warming. The reduction of fuel consumption can be obtained, if the ship propulsion could be operated in its best performance level. Generally this is done by an appropriate analysis of engine propeller matching (EPM). In this study an EPM based on neural-network method, or NN-EPM, is established to predict the best performance of main engines, leading at minimum fuel oil consumption. A trimaran patrol ship is selected as a case study. This patrol ship is equipped with two 2720 kW main engines each connected to a controllable pitch propeller (CPP) through a reduction gear. The input parameters are ship speedVand service margin SM, with the corresponding output parameters comprise of engine speednE, engine break horse powerPB, propeller pitchP/D, and the fuel consumptionFC. An NN-EPM 2-20-15-4 configuration has been constructed out of 100 training data and then validated by 30 testing data. The maximum relative error between results from NN-EPM and EPM analysis is 2.1%, that is in term of the fuel consumption. For other parameters the errors are well below 1.0%. These facts indicate that the use of NN-EPM to predict the main engines's performance for trimaran patrol ship is satisfactory.


2021 ◽  
pp. 377-388
Author(s):  
Jose A. Fernandes ◽  
Zigor Uriondo ◽  
Igor Granado ◽  
Iñaki Quincoces

AbstractThis chapter demonstrates the potential of tuna fishing fleets to reduce their fuel oil consumption. In the “Oceanic tuna fisheries, immediate operational choices” pilot, the data monitoring system on vessels  periodically upload data to the server for shore analysis. The data analytics employs fuel oil consumption equations and propulsion engine fault detection models. The fuel consumption equations are being used to develop immediate operational decision models. The fault detection models are used to plan  maintenance operations and to prevent unexpected engine malfunctions. The data-driven planning software allows probabilistic forecasting of tuna biomass distribution and analysing changes in fishing strategies leading to fuel consumption reduction. These changes in fishing strategies can be summarized as a transition from hunting to harvesting. Vessels do not  search for fish, but instread  take less risks and fish, where it is more likely that the fish can be found and is easier to capture. Buoy data are  increasingly used to improve stock assessments and have the potential to allow better monitoring and planning of fish quotas fulfilment.


Author(s):  
V. M. Melnyk ◽  
M. M. Liakh ◽  
M. M. Synoverskyi

Today in Ukraine and the world there is a growing shortage of commercial fuels for engines. This is due to the tendency to regulate the production of hydrocarbons, which is the main raw material for their production. Therefore, in order to reduce oil imports, alternative fuels for diesel engines based on oils and animal fats are be-coming more widespread today. In this regard, intensive work is underway to convert internal combustion engines to biofuels in countries with limited fuel and energy resources, as well as in highly developed countries that have the ability to purchase liquid energy. Biodiesel fuel (biodiesel, RME, RME, FAME, EMAG, etc.) is an environmentally friendly type of biofuel obtained from vegetable and animal fats and used to replace petroleum diesel fuel. In the process of using RME B100 biodiesel fuel on the Renault 2.5 DCI engine, the average diameter of the fuel droplets is increased and the flare opening angle is reduced. This leads to impaired fuel distribution in the areas of the spray torch. Only 50% of the fuel is in the jet shell, which leads to impaired mixing of fuel with air. In the core of the wall there is 18% of fuel, which will spread along the walls and mix poorly with air. The remaining 36% of the fuel will be in the core of the jet, the front of the free jet and the areas of intersection of the near-wall streams, and will partially participate in the mixing. The use of biodiesel fuel RME B100 leads to a delay of heat by 18-20 degrees of rotation of the crankshaft, which will increase fuel consumption and reduce engine power. Thus, according to studies of the Renault 2.5 DCI engine on commercial and biodiesel RME B100, it is established that the use of biodiesel leads to a deterioration of the mixture due to reduced heat and as a result increases fuel consumption, reducing engine power.


Pomorstvo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-307
Author(s):  
Josip Dujmović ◽  
Dean Bernečić

A common way of measuring heavy fuel oil consumption on board a vessel is to use volumetric fuel flow meters installed at fuel systems inlets for each of the major fuel consumers. At each stage of the fuel processing cycle, certain mass fuel losses or deviations and calculation errors occur that are not counted accurately into fuel consumption figures. The goal of this paper is to identify those fuel mass losses and measuring/calculating errors and perform their quantitative numerical analysis based on actual data. Fuel mass losses defined as deviations identified during the fuel preparation process are evaporation of volatile organic compounds, water drainage, fuel separation, and leakages while errors identified are flow meter accuracy and volumetric/mass flow conversion accuracy. By utilizing statistical analysis of obtained data from engine logbook extracts from three different ships numerical models were generated for each fuel mass loss point. Measuring errors and volumetric/mass conversion errors are numerically analyzed based on actual equipment and models used onboard example vessels. By computational analysis of the obtained models, approximate percentage losses and errors are presented as a fraction of fuel quantity on board or as a fraction of fuel consumed. Those losses and errors present between 0,001% and 5% of fuel stock or fuel consumption figures for each identified loss/error point. This paper presents a contribution for more accurate heavy fuel oil consumption calculation and consequently accurate declaration of remaining fuel stock onboard. It also presents a base for possible further research on the possible influence of fuel grade, fuel water content on the accuracy of consumption calculation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Ignatius R Mardiyanto ◽  
Indriyani Indriyani ◽  
Bambang Puguh Manunggal

Concerns about the availability of fuel oil reserves and air pollution have encouraged innovation to use of alternative fuels in diesel engines. Single fuel Diesel engines modified with a dual fuel, which is a mixture of diesel and gas. The problem of using mixed fuels is that the flashpoint of natural gas must meet the ignition requirements on diesel engines. The consumption of gas fuel in diesel engines, by the load, can continue to work using dual fuel. In this research, the gas fuel supply to control pattern used of dual-fuel with adjusted to the diesel engine load. The lookup table control method, one of the branches of expert system control, apply to change the valve opening of the gas valve. The efficiency of the control results being slightly lower than if manually controlled but still higher than if the fuel only uses diesel fuel.


2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Suryanto Suryanto ◽  
Wudianto Wudianto

Huhate dan rawai tuna merupakan alat tangkap utama untuk menangkap ikan tuna di perairan Indonesia. Hasil tangkapannya harus bersaing dalam perdagangan global dimana biaya bahan bakar merupakan faktor produksi yang dominan. Namun kebijakan Pemerintah terkait subsidi bahan bakar minyak terlalu sering berubah karena keterbatasan kemampuan keuangan Pemerintah. Disisi lain peraturan subsidi bahan bakar kapal perikanan yang berlaku kurang mencerminkan kondisi nyata armada perikanan Nasional. Oleh karena itu, perkiraan konsumsi bahan bakar yang diperlukan harus dilakukan secara cermat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model estimasi konsumsi BBM mesin induk dan mesin bantu, khususnya untuk armada huhate dan rawai tuna. Uji model Kleppesto, Digernes dan Hollenbach digunakan untuk mengestimasi daya mesin induk armada huhate dan rawai tuna berdasarkan data SIPI (Surat Ijin Penangkapan Ikan) dan pengukuran kecepatan kapal dilapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa model Kleppesto mendapatkan hasil lebih akurat. Selanjutnya model ini dipakai untuk memperkirakan faktor konsumsi BBM mesin induk dan mesin bantu (Cbbm) dengan 2 skenario efisiensi quasi propulsive optimis dan pesimis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan, dengan kedua skenario tersebut, Cbbm armada huhate dan rawai tuna didapatkan nilai 0,121-0,160 dan 0,136-0,180 (kg/HP.jam). Hal ini menjelaskan bahwa untuk mendapatkan faktor konsumsi BBM kapal ikan perlu memperhatikan jenis alat tangkap ikan yang digunakan. Pole and line and long line are main fishing gear for catching tuna in Indonesian seas. Their catches must compete in global trade where as fuel cost is a dominant production factor. However the Government’s policy on fuel subsidies has changed too often due to the limited financial capacity of the Government. In addition, the present regulation of fuel subsidy for fishing vessels does not reflect the real condition of the national fishing fleet. Thus, the estimation of the required fuel consumption must be done carefully. This paper aims to develop fuel consumption estimation model for pole and liner and tuna longliner. Based on the data of fishing licences and in situ vessel speeds measurements; Kleppesto, Digernes and Hollenbach models were used to estimate the required engine power of pole and liner and tuna longliner samples. The study indicates that Kleppesto model is more accurate compared to the other two. Using the scenario of optimistic and pessimistic quasi propulsive efficiencies, then the models were used to estimate the fuel oil consumption factor for main and auxiliary engines (Cbbm) of the fleets. The research shows, Cbbm of pole and liner and tuna longliner are 0,121-0,160 dan 0,136-0,180 (kg/HP.jam)  respectively. The result showed that fuel oil consumption factor of fishing vessel depends on fishing gear used.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Raybian Nur

The use of internal combustion motors has various positive and negative impacts. A large number of motorized vehicles affect the high demand for fuel. Fuel oil is a vital economic object because it dramatically influences the financial entity, namely the increase in goods and services. What can do several things to reduce the high demand for this fuel, namely by looking for alternative fuels or finding fuel economy. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of adding additives to fuel on fuel consumption. The research method applies an experimental procedure in which the percentage of mixing premium fuel with additives between camphor and eco racing with a content of 1 - 4 grams of additive for each sample tested on a vehicle. The results obtained are adding additives the properties of premium fuels change in terms of fuel consumption where the addition of several types of additives can reduce the rate of fuel consumption. The results obtained are that with the addition of these additives, the fuel consumption becomes more efficient by a difference of approximately 6 ml/minute.


2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Sulikowski ◽  
Ryszard Maronski

The problem of the optimal driving technique during the fuel economy competition is reconsidered. The vehicle is regarded as a particle moving on a trace with a variable slope angle. The fuel consumption is minimized as the vehicle covers the given distance in a given time. It is assumed that the run consists of two recurrent phases: acceleration with a full available engine power and coasting down with the engine turned off. The most fuel-efficient technique for shifting gears during acceleration is found. The decision variables are: the vehicle velocities at which the gears should be shifted, on the one hand, and the vehicle velocities when the engine should be turned on and off, on the other hand. For the data of students’ vehicle representing the Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering it has been found that such driving strategy is more effective in comparison with a constant speed strategy with the engine partly throttled, as well as a strategy resulting from optimal control theory when the engine is still active.


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