More than half a century under the umbrella of communication strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-256
Author(s):  
Oksana Sergeevna Issers
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Communication ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Thematic Issue ◽  
Corporate Communications ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Communicative Strategies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into

The article is a preface for a thematic issue devoted to the study of communication in terms of strategies and tactics of speech behavior. The author sees the reasons for the strong attention to the analysis of speech behavior in anthropocentrism, which has become the leading approach in linguistic research in recent decades. The concept of strategy allows us to comprehend the individual speech actions of the speaker as the implementation of a consistent cognitive plan. A brief insight into the history of the study of communicative strategies and tactics abroad and in Russia is presented. The main fields in communicative research are indicated, where the concepts of strategy and tactics are used. It is noted that most of the research is devoted to the description of strategies and tactics in specific social spheres or institutions and the means of their language manifestation. A review of articles in the thematic issue allows you to see the variety of possible applications of the theory of strategic communication to the analysis of modern discursive practices, including bilingual ones. As one can judge by the publications of the thematic issue, the concept of communication strategy is also used to analyze media, marketing, corporate communications and literary text. It is concluded that the diversity of aspects and approaches in Russian and foreign works testifies to the research potential of the concept itself and the possibilities of its application to various areas of communication

scholarly journals Human Benevolence is Innate to Man as Man Shakespeare’s Art of Characterization with reference to Macbeth

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1115-1119
Author(s):  
Anser Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Peace Of Mind ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lady Macbeth ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Insight Into

Shakespearean tragedies stand out in the history of world’s literature for their influential language, insight into character and dramatic ingenuity. It can be safely established that all of the Shakespearean tragedies are based upon the notion that human benevolence is innate to man as man. The current study focuses upon the notion that the Shakespearean heroes are basically good and noble men whose tragic flaw leads to their obliteration. For instance in Macbeth, Lady Macbeth describes Macbeth as “too full o’ milk of human kindness”. The character of Macbeth gives the picture of dissolution within the individual. The character of Macbeth has been analyzed to assert that he seems to suffer from a variance between his head and heart, his duty and his desire, his reckoning and his emotions. A psychological insight to his character reveals that he knows from the first that he is engaged in a ridiculous act: a distressed and paradoxical struggle. With the aid of research methods including Case Study and Close Reading this Qualitative research highlights Macbeth’s lethal proceedings which not only obliterate his peace of mind but also bring turmoil to the macrocosm of the universe, and shows that along with the king he murders his sense of reasoning as well. Hence this study asserts the idea that Shakespearean heroes possess an inherent goodness corroded by the actions of fate or destiny thus resulting in their tragic downfall.

Toward a Theory-Based Measurement of Culture

2011 ◽  
pp. 61-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detmar Straub ◽  
Karen Loch ◽  
Roberto Evaristo ◽  
Elena Karahanna ◽  
Mark Srite
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Egyptian Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Insight Into

In reviewing the history of the conceptualization and measurement of “culture,” one quickly realizes that there is wide-ranging and contradictory scholarly opinion about which values, norms, and beliefs should be measured to represent the concept of “culture.” We explore an alternate theory-based view of culture via social identity theory (SIT), which suggests that each individual is influenced by plethora of cultures and sub-cultures–some ethnic, some national, and some organizational. In IS research, the culture of subjects and respondents is problematic because it is typically an overly simplistic categorization. IS research nearly always assumes that an individual living in a particular place and time belongs to a single “culture,” e.g., someone living in Egypt is automatically classified as being a member of the Egyptian culture, or, more broadly, the Arab culture. This dearth of clear concepts and measures for “culture” may explain why cross-cultural research has been so exceedingly difficult to conduct. It may also explain why it has been hard to develop and refine theories. Moreover, it may give insight into why reasonable explained variance in predictive models has not been higher. Finally, it is very possible that much cross-cultural business research could be rightly accused of advancing an “ecological fallacy” by not recognizing the individual makeup of persons with respect to culture. Using SIT (or other theory bases) as grounding for cultural research programs implies the use of certain methodological approaches. Each study would have to establish the salient “cultures” in each individual’s background and include these different “cultures” as independent variables in positivist research. In qualitative research, there would need to be an equally rigorous assessment of the cultural identifiers of each individual.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Michael R. Dove
Keyword(s):  
Natural World ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
History Of ◽  
Systemic Nature ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Individual Human

This introductory chapter provides an overview of how humans relate to nonhumans. The obstacle in this relationship is the individual human consciousness. There is a “curious twist” in the systemic nature of the human consciousness that necessarily blinds it to the systemic nature of the human himself or herself. Thus, there is a long history of animals playing a key role in the conception of the human self, in answering the question of who or what we are. Indeed, discussion of the nature of human versus nonhuman is central to practically all intellectual inquiries. For much of its history, some of the most important anthropological work on the human–nonhuman divide was prompted by matter-of-fact statements by ethnographic subjects collapsing the distinction. Metaphors, as well as syllogisms, have dominated the framing of these discussions. The chapter then looks at the principles of perspectivism, metamorphosis, and mimesis in achieving insight into the natural world.

Temporal complexity in clinical manifestations of lung disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 1723-1731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urs Frey ◽  
Geoffrey Maksym ◽  
Béla Suki
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Temporal Complexity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

In this review, we summarize results of recent research on the temporal variability of lung function, symptoms, and inflammatory biomarkers. Specifically, we demonstrate how fluctuation analysis borrowed from statistical physics can be used to gain insight into neurorespiratory control and complex chronic dynamic diseases such as asthma viewed as a system of interacting components (e.g., inflammatory, immunological, and mechanical). Fluctuation analysis tools are based on quantifying the distribution and the short- and long-term temporal history of tidal breathing and lung function parameters to assess neurorespiratory control and monitor chronic disease. The latter includes the assessment of severity and disease control, the impact of treatment and environmental triggers, the temporal characterization of disease phenotypes, and the individual risk of exacerbation. While in many cases specific mechanistic insight into the fluctuations still awaits further research, appropriate analyses of the fluctuations already impact on clinical science and practice.

Promoting and marketing a revolutionary cooking appliance in the 1840s Stanislas Sorel’s portable stove “Le Cordon Bleu” (1834–1849)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-59
Author(s):  
Dirk HR Spennemann
Keyword(s):  
Primary Sources ◽  
Early Form ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Family Dinner ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose This paper aims to describe the nature and significance of Sorel’s cooking appliance and to examine the promotion and marketing options used by Sorel to make it an appliance that was “widely used in private residences and by small eating houses.” It will highlight the role of the individual and will demonstrate that marketing and promotion strategies that are modulated by the social ambitions of the manufacturer. Design/methodology/approach The basis of this research is extensive quantitative and qualitative analysis of primary sources, mainly the advertisements placed by Sorel, supported by information in contemporary newspapers and journals. Findings Stanislas Sorel’s invention of an early form of thermostat allowed him to develop a stove that could cook a four-course family dinner largely unsupervised, an invention which was poised to revolutionise the lives of many households. Sorel was primarily an inventor striving for acceptance in the scientific world, with limited skills in the commercialisation of his inventions. His promotion and marketing efforts reflect both the social realities of the time and his own ambitions. Originality/value There has been very little research into the way small French inventors and manufacturers approached the marketing of their products. The paper provides a unique insight into the promotion techniques of a mid-nineteenth-century French inventor-cum-entrepreneur and highlights the role of the individual and how actions are constrained by ambition and opportunity. The paper provides an example of how research into how specific individuals can inform the larger history of marketing.

A WOLF SUBLIME: PSYCHOANALYSIS AND THE ANIMAL

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Chris Powici
Keyword(s):  
Oedipus Complex ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Defining Moments ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Wolf Man ◽  
Human Family ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractSigmund Freud's analysis of the childhood dream of the Wolf Man, in The History of an Infantile Neurosis, has come to be seen as one of the defining moments of psychoanalysis. Freud interpreted this dream in terms of the Oedipus complex, concluding that the wolves which threatened to devour his patient were, in effect, father-substitutes, the archaic trace in the unconscious of the individual of the threat posed by the tyrannical father of the 'original' human family. In this article I argue that this conclusion conceals a problematic reading, on Freud's part, of the human/animal border, which is evidenced, in The History of an Infantile Neurosis, as well as elsewhere in his writings, as an anxiety as to the ontological status of the human subject and the 'nature' of civilisation, and as a repressed acknowledgement of the animal as sublime presence. However, in trying to negotiate similar questions today, and despite this marked ambivalence toward the 'animal', I also argue that Freud's insight into the mechanisms of repression remains a valuable way of exploring the relationship of the human to the nonhuman.

scholarly journals A Study on Democracy Metaphors in Moroccan King Mohammed VI Inaugural Speeches

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Charbati Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Hearts And Minds ◽  
Insight Into

This study analyzes democracy metaphors used in Mohammed VIs' speeches at the opening of the parliamentary session from 2003 until 2014. Mohammed VI has ruled Morocco since 1999. Many studies have uncovered the role of metaphors as influential devices used in politics. However, in the Moroccan context, studies related to metaphors and politics have received little attention so far. Politicians encounter challenges as they address their audience such as the need to convince them of their views, to gain the trust of their analysis and to give psychological realities to their abstract concepts. The Moroccan monarchy has ruled Morocco for centuries. More than three hundred and fifty years of monarchy rule has marked the history of Moroccan society. The monarchy was able to adapt to the sociopolitical changes that the Moroccan society has known. This rule was the work of multiple factors and strategies that the monarchy has followed. One of them is the use of metaphors as a communication strategy. The aim of this paper is to reveal the contribution of metaphors to the Moroccan political debate mainly by studying the king’s speeches addressed to the Moroccan nation. This research strives to uncover part of the Moroccan king’s strategy to win the hearts and minds of the moroccan people. This study provides an insight into the communication strategies used by the head of state of one of the third world regimes facing democracy transition and encountering political and economic challenges. They are based mainly on the use of the metaphor to interpret realities and design future roadmaps.  

scholarly journals ZOOLOGICAL NAMES AS OBJECT OF LINGUISTIC RESEARCH

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Ekaterina M. Dorogaikina ◽  
◽  
Tamara G. Ignatieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Human Evolution ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
General Term ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Animal Names ◽  
Lexical Composition

The history of animal names begins with the early epochs of human evolution, when animalism was one of the basic components of the worldview. Despite a considerable number of works that study zoological vocabulary, the uncertainty of a number of terms and a certain arbitrariness of the use of terms and concepts associated with animal names is still present in onomastics, e.g. "zoonym" and "zoomorphism" refer to such concepts. The purpose of the article is to clarify the terminological meaning of these concepts, to generalize and systematize the basic research on the theory of zoonymic nominations. The research methodology was formed on the basis of theoretical positions in the field of onomastics and the theory of nominations in modern linguistics. As a result of the theoretical analysis the following findings were made. First, the terms "zoonym" and "zoomorphism" are not synonymous. "Zoonym" is a more general term than "zoomorphism". Zoomorphism represents zoological names of anthropological nature, attributing the traits associated with the image of an animal to a human. Zoonyms do not have such attributes. "Zoonim" is proposed to be the general term. Another finding was that the functioning of zoonyms and zoomorphisms in the literary text is influenced by the genre of the text, which is expressed in the genre determinism of the lexical composition of zoonyms nominating animals.

A History of Lost Tablets

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Roman
Keyword(s):  
Literary Text ◽  
Gift Exchange ◽  
First Person ◽  
Material Medium ◽  
History Of ◽  
Roman Poetry ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract This study examines a recurrent scenario in Roman poetry of the first-person genres: the separation of the poet from his writing tablets. Catullus' tablets are stolen (c.42); Propertius' are lost (3.23); Ovid's (Am. 1.11––12) are consigned to disuse and decay by their disappointed owner. Martial, who does not reproduce the specific narrative of loss, nonetheless engages with the tradition of lost tablets from within the fiction of festive gift-exchange in his Apophoreta (14.1––21): rather than losing or rejecting the tablets, he gives them away to guests/readers at his Saturnalian party. I argue that the representation of writing tablets and their loss is involved in the production of authorial presence. The scene of lost tablets demonstrates how the poet retains the capacity for poetic speech even when deprived of the aid of his material medium. The ostensibly accidental and sometimes lamented loss of the poet's tablets thus contributes to a sophisticated strategy of authorial self-representation. The tablets do not so much stand for the literary text as provide a focus for metapoetic concerns with voice and writing, author and text, presence and absence, immortal ingenium and expendablemateria. Examination of the shifting representation of writing tablets from Catullus to Martial will provide insight into the invention of the Roman poetic author.

scholarly journals WAYS TO EXPRESS THE AUTHOR'S MODALITY IN KAZAKH, KYRGYZ AND ENGLISH FICTION WORKS

HOMEROS ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 97-117
Author(s):  
Gulgul ISKAKOVA ◽  
Peter KOSTA ◽  
Berdibay SHALABAY ◽  
Shapauov Alibi KABYKENOVICH ◽  
Raushan KIYAKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Text Linguistics ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Picture Of Dorian Gray ◽  
History Of ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Dorian Gray ◽  
Jennie Gerhardt

The article widely describes the concept of author's modality in the context of linguistic research and provides a brief history of the study of the category of modality in modern linguo-stylistics and text linguistics. Author's modality is considered as a category that plays the role of compiler, organizer of the literary text. The author's modality was also studied as a communicative-pragmatic and subjective assessment category. In such works as Kazakh writer A. Kekilbayev's novel "Aṅızdıṅ aqırı" and Kyrgyz writer Sh. Aitmatov's novel "Kıyamat", famous American writers Theodore Dreiser's novel "Jennie Gerhardt", Oscar Wilde's "The Picture of Dorian Gray" the different ways of expression the category of author's modality were studied, and similarities and differences were identified.

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